Factors of poor prognosis in newborns with a prenatal diagnosis of gastroschisis in Bogota, Colombia.

OBJECTIVES: To identify factors associated with poor prognoses in newborns with a prenatal diagnosis of gastroschisis in eight hospitals in Bogota, Colombia, from 2011 to 2022. METHODS: A multi-center retrospective case-control study was conducted on newborns with gastroschisis in eight hospitals in Bogota, Colombia. Poor prognosis was defined as the presence of sepsis, intestinal complications, or death. RESULTS: The study included 101 patients. Preterm newborns under 32 weeks had a poor neonatal prognosis (OR 6.78 95 % CI 0.75-319). Oligohydramnios (OR 4.95 95 % CI 1.15-21.32) and staged closure with silo (OR 3.48; 95 % CI 1.10-10.96) were risk factors for neonatal death, and intra-abdominal bowel dilation of 20-25 mm was a factor for the development of intestinal complications (OR 3.22 95 % CI 1.26-8.23). CONCLUSIONS: Intra-abdominal bowel dilation between 20 and 25 mm was associated with intestinal complications, while oligohydramnios was associated with the risk of perinatal death, requiring increased antenatal surveillance of fetal wellbeing. Management with primary reduction when technically feasible is recommended in these infants, considering that the use of silos was associated with higher mortality.

Gastroschisis: embriology, pathogenesis, risk factors, prognosis, and ultrasonographic markers for adverse neonatal outcomes.

Gastroschisis is the most common congenital defect of the abdominal wall, typically located to the right of the umbilical cord, through which the intestinal loops and viscera exit without being covered by the amniotic membrane. Despite the known risk factors for gastroschisis, there is no consensus on the cause of this malformation. Prenatal ultrasound is useful for diagnosis, prognostic prediction (ultrasonographic markers) and appropriate monitoring of fetal vitality. Survival rate of children with gastroschisis is more than 95% in developed countries; however, complex gastroschisis requires multiple neonatal interventions and is associated with adverse perinatal outcomes. In this article, we conducted a narrative review including embryology, pathogenesis, risk factors, and ultrasonographic markers for adverse neonatal outcomes in fetuses with gastroschisis. Prenatal risk stratification of gastroschisis helps to better counsel parents, predict complications, and prepare the multidisciplinary team to intervene appropriately and improve postnatal outcomes.

Comparison of Perinatal Outcomes between Patients with Suspected Complex and Simple Gastroschisis.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to compare perinatal outcomes between patients with and without prenatal ultrasound markers predictive of complex gastroschisis. STUDY DESIGN: A prospective cohort of 98 patients with isolated fetal gastroschisis underwent antenatal ultrasound and delivered in a tertiary referral center. Patients were classified according to eight ultrasonographic markers predictive of complexity, and perinatal outcomes were assessed accordingly. The primary outcome was the presence of fetal growth restriction and staged SILO reduction postnatally. RESULTS: Of all fetuses, 54.1% (n = 53) displayed ultrasonographic markers predictive of complexity at 32.7 ± 4.3 weeks of gestation. Gastric dilatation was the most frequent marker followed by extra-abdominal bowel dilatation. The presence of ultrasound markers predictive of complexity, was not associated with fetal growth restriction but its absence was less associated with staged SILO reduction of the abdominal wall postnatally with a relative risk of 0.79 (CI 95% 0.17-0.53). CONCLUSION: Fetuses with ultrasound markers that predict complexity were not associated with fetal growth restriction, but its absence was less associated with staged SILO reduction of the abdominal wall postnatally. It is necessary to unify criteria, establish cut-off points, and the optimal moment to measure these markers. KEY POINTS: · The association between ultrasound markers and adverse perinatal outcomes in fetuses with gastroschisis remain controversial.. · The absence of ultrasound markers that predict complexity was less associated with staged SILO reduction postnatally.. · It is necessary to unify criteria, establish cut-off points, and the optimal moment to measure these markers..

Implementación de paquete de medidas de conductas perinatales en recién nacidos con gastrosquisis congénita / Implementation of a perinatal bundles measures in newborns with congenital gastroschisis / ¿Implementação de um pacote de medidas comportamentais perinatais em recém-nascidos com gastrosquise congénita

Introducción: la gastrosquisis congénita (GC) es una patología con creciente demanda asistencial. Atentos a esto, en el Centro Hospitalario Pereira Rossell (CHPR) se implementó un protocolo de cuidados llevado adelante por un equipo multidisciplinario. En este trabajo nos proponemos evaluar el impacto en la sobrevida y morbilidad a partir de su aplicación. Material y método: estudio comparativo tipo antes y después de pacientes portadores de GC (n = 47), 29 de una cohorte histórica (GH) y 18 de una cohorte posaplicación de protocolo (GP). Con edad gestacional ≥ 36 semanas y peso al nacer ≥ 2500 g, asistidos en el CHPR entre los años 2016 y 2021. Resultados: no se observaron diferencias perinatales entre ambos grupos, ni en la incidencia de GQ complicadas. En el GP se observó mayor incidencia de cierre abdominal precoz (p < 0,01), menor necesidad de realización de silo quirúrgico (p < 0,01), menor tiempo de administración de ventilación mecánica (p = 0,03), de uso total de opioides (p < 0,01), de administración de nutrición parenteral (p = 0,03), e inicio más temprano de la alimentación enteral (p = 0,03). Sin diferencias en la sobrevida al egreso hospitalario. Conclusiones: la aplicación de un protocolo estandarizado se asoció a una reducción significativa en el tiempo de cierre abdominal, de ventilación mecánica, nutrición parenteral y de opioides, con inicio más precoz de la nutrición enteral.

Introduction: congenital gastroschisis is an increasingly demanded pathology, therefore a care protocol was implemented at the Pereira Rossell Pediatric Hospital (CHPR), and it has been carried out by a multidisciplinary team. In this paper, we aim at assessing the morbidity and mortality impact of survival and morbidity of this application. Materials and Methods: comparative before and after study of a historical cohort (GH, n=29) versus a post-protocol application cohort (GP, n=18), in patients with a gestational age ≥36 weeks and birth weight ≥2500 grams assisted in CHPR between 2016-2021. Results: no perinatal differences were observed between both groups or in the incidence of complicated GQ. In the GP, a higher incidence of early abdominal closure was decreased (GH 3.4% vs GP 67%, p<0.01), less need to perform a surgical silo (GH 100% vs GP 33%, p<0.01 ), shorter mechanical ventilation administration time (GH 2 days vs GP 0.5 days, p=0.03), total use of opioids (GH 3.5 days vs GP 7 days, p<0.01) , of administration of parenteral nutrition (GH 24.5 days vs GP 20 days, p=0.03), and earlier start of enteral feeding (GH 11 days vs GP 7 days, p=0.03). No differences in survival after hospital discharge (93% vs 89%, p=0.63). Conclusions: the application of a standardized protocol was linked to a significant reduction in the time of abdominal closure, mechanical ventilation, parenteral nutrition, and opioids, with earlier initiation of enteral nutrition.

Introdução: a gastrosquise congênita (GC) é uma patologia com demanda crescente de atendimento e, porém, foi implementado um protocolo de atendimento por equipe multidisciplinar no Centro Hospitalar Pediátrico Pereira Rossell (CHPR). Neste trabalho propomos avaliar o impacto na mortalidade e morbidade depois de sua aplicação. Material e Métodos: estudo comparativo antes e depois de pacientes com CG (n=47), sendo 29 de uma coorte histórica (GH) e 18 de uma coorte pós-aplicação de protocolo (GP). Idade gestacional ≥ 36 semanas e peso ao nascer ≥ 2.500 gramas atendidos no CHPR entre os anos de 2016-2021. Resultados: não foram observadas diferenças perinatais entre os dois grupos ou na incidência de QG complicada. No GP observou-se maior incidência de fechamento abdominal precoce (p<0,01), menor necessidade de silos cirúrgicos (p<0,01), menor tempo de administração de ventilação mecânica (p=0,03) e uso total de opioides. (p<0,01), administração de nutrição parenteral (p=0,03) e início mais precoce da alimentação enteral (p=0,03). Não houve diferenças na sobrevivência até a alta hospitalar. Conclusões: a aplicação de protocolo padronizado foi associada à redução significativa do tempo de fechamento abdominal, ventilação mecânica, nutrição parenteral e opioides, com início mais precoce da nutrição enteral.

Development of a low-cost congenital abdominal wall defect simulator (wall-go) for undergraduate medical education: a validation study.

BACKGROUND: Congenital Anomalies were responsible for 303,000 deaths in the neonatal period, according to the WHO, they are among the world's top 20 causes of morbidity and mortality. Expensive simulators demonstrate several diseases, but few are related to congenital anomalies. This study aims to develop, validate, and evaluate low-cost simulator models (WALL-GO) of the most common abdominal wall defects, gastroschisis, and omphalocele, to enable diagnosis through an accessible tool with study value and amenable to replication. METHODS: Market research was conducted to find materials to build low-cost models. The researchers built the model and underwent validation assessment of the selected experts who scored five or more in the adapted Fehring criteria. The experts were assessed through a 5-point Likert scale to 7 statements (S1-7). Statements were assigned values according to relevance in face and transfer validities. Concomitantly, the model was also evaluated by students from 1st to 5th year with the same instruments. Content Validity Indexes (CVIs) were considered validated between groups with concordance greater than 90%. Text feedback was also collected. Each statement was subjected to Fisher's Exact Test. RESULTS: Gastroschisis and omphalocele model costs were US $15 and US $27, respectively. In total, there were 105 simulator evaluators. 15 experts were selected. Of the 90 students, there were 16 (1st year), 22 (2nd), 16 (3rd), 22 (4th), and 14 (5th). Students and experts obtained CVI = 96.4% and 94.6%, respectively. The CVIs of each statement were not significantly different between groups (p < 0,05). CONCLUSIONS: The WALL-GO models are suitable for use and replicable at a manufacturable low cost. Mannequins with abdominal wall defects are helpful in learning to diagnose and can be applied in teaching and training health professionals in developing and low-income countries.

miRNA-143 expression is associated with inflammation and time of exposure to amniotic fluid in experimental gastroschisis.

OBJECTIVE: Gastroschisis (GS) is a congenital anomaly in the abdominal wall with the intestinal loops exiting laterally to the umbilicus. The contact of the loops with Amniotic Fluid (AF) causes an inflammatory process in the exposed part, leading to an extended hospital stay and an increased risk of morbidity due to alterations related to intestinal motility. The authors aimed to evaluate the time of exposure to the AF in the experimental GS and to search for potential biomarkers of intestinal inflammation by measuring microRNAs. METHODS: Rat fetuses were divided into three groups: a) CONTROL, b) GS reared on day 18 (GS = 18), and c) GS reared on day 19.5 (GS = 19) (term = 22 days). On day 21.5, the fetuses were removed for biometric parameters and biochemical analyses: 1) Biometrics: Body and Intestinal Weight (BW, IW), and intestinal-body weight ratio (IW/BW); 2) Descriptive histopathology and 3) miR-143 quantification by real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). RESULTS: BW was higher in CONTROL than GS 18 and G19 (p < 0.05). IW, IW/BW, intestinal water, and mRNA-143 were higher in GS 18 and GS 19 than in CONTROL, and GS 18 was higher than GS 19 (p < 0.05). The average of the inflammation score from the intestinal wall with mucosal inflammation and intra-epithelial lymphocytes shows worst in GS 18 and GS 19 vs. CONTROL (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The tissue expression of mRNA-143 and the morphological changes in the intestine of GS worsened according to the time of exposure to AF, which could be a possible marker of fetal intestinal damage.

Oropharyngeal colostrum administration in neonates with gastroschisis: a randomized clinical trial.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of colostrum therapy on days to start a suckling diet in newborns diagnosed with simple gastroschisis. METHODS: Randomized clinical trial with newborns diagnosed with simple gastroschisis at a federal hospital in Rio de Janeiro who were randomized to receive oropharyngeal administration of 0.2mL of colostrum or a "sham procedure" during the first 3 days of life. The analysis included clinical outcomes such as days without food, days with parenteral feeding, days until the start of enteral feeding, days to reach complete enteral feeding, sepsis and length of hospital stay. RESULTS: The onset of oral feeding (suction) in patients with simple gastroschisis in both groups occurred at a median of 15 days. CONCLUSION: The present study showed that there were no significant differences in the use of colostrum therapy and the number of days to the start of enteral feeding and suction diet between groups of newborns with simple gastroschisis.

Characterization of feeding skills and clinical markers of preterm newborns with gastroschisis in a neonatal therapy unit.

OBJECTIVE: To describe the clinical and feeding findings of premature infants with gastroschisis (GTQ) in a neonatal intensive care unit and compare them to preterm infants (NBs) without congenital anomalies. METHODS: A retrospective case-control study was conducted with 50 premature NBs (25 with GTQ and 25 without comorbidities - control group). The NBs were compared regarding demographic and clinical data: risk of mortality and speech-language assessment (nonnutritive and nutritive sucking). Subsequently, a multiple logistic regression model was applied to determine the variables associated with the negative speech therapy outcome (speech therapy discharge after more than 7 days considering the first speech therapy evaluation). RESULTS: The results of the first analysis indicated that there was a difference between the GTQ and the CG for the following variables: total time in days of hospitalization; use of mechanical ventilation (invasive x noninvasive); days of life on the date of the first speech-language assessment; use of alternative feeding route; and the GTQ group had worse results. The results of the multiple logistic regression indicated that the diagnosis of GTQ, the use of invasive mechanical ventilation, and the absence of adequate intraoral pressure during the first speech-language evaluation were risk factors for a negative speech-language outcome. CONCLUSION: The feeding skills of preterm infants with QTG are related to the severity of the condition (gastrointestinal tract complications), requiring longer hospitalization, use of invasive mechanical ventilation, prolonged use of alternative feeding route and requiring more speech therapy to start oral feeding.

Factors associated with cholestasis in newborns with gastroschisis.

OBJECTIVE: To describe the incidence and to analyze risk factors associated with cholestasis in neonates with gastroschisis. METHODS: This is a retrospective cohort study in a tertiary single center analyzing 181 newborns with gastroschisis between 2009 and 2020. The following risk factors associated with cholestasis were analyzed: gestational age, birth weight, type of gastroschisis, silo closure or immediate closure, days of parenteral nutrition, type of lipid emulsion, days of fasting, days to reach a full diet, days with central venous catheter, presence of infections, and outcomes. RESULTS: Among the 176 patients evaluated, 41 (23.3%) evolved with cholestasis. In the univariate analysis, low birth weight (p=0.023), prematurity (p<0.001), lipid emulsion with medium-chain triglycerides and long-chain triglycerides (p=0.001) and death (p<0.001) were associated with cholestasis. In the multivariate analysis, patients who received lipid emulsion with fish oil instead of medium chain triglycerides/long chain triglycerides (MCT/LCT) emulsion had a lower risk of cholestasis. CONCLUSIONS: Our study shows that lipid emulsion with fish oil is associated with a lower risk of cholestasis in neonates with gastroschisis. However, this is a retrospective study and a prospective study should be performed to confirm the results.

Mexican-American Women's Lifelong Residence in the United States Is Associated with an Increased Risk of Gastroschisis: A Population-Based Study.

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether nativity is associated with abdominal wall defects among births to Mexican-American women. STUDY DESIGN: Using a cross-sectional, population-based design, stratified and multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed on the 2014-2017 National Center for Health Statistics live-birth cohort dataset of infants of US-born (n = 1 398 719) and foreign-born (n = 1 221 411) Mexican-American women. RESULTS: The incidence of gastroschisis was greater among births to US-born compared with Mexico-born Mexican-American women: 36.7/100 000 vs 15.5/100 000, RR = 2.4 (2.0, 2.9). US-born (compared with Mexico-born) Mexican-American mothers had a greater percentage of teens and cigarette smokers, P < .0001. In both subgroups, gastroschisis rates were greatest among teens and decreased with advancing maternal age. Adjusting for maternal age, parity, education, cigarette smoking, pre-pregnancy body mass index, prenatal care usage, and infant sex), OR of gastroschisis for US-born (compared with Mexico-born) Mexican-American women was 1.7 (95% CI 1.4-2.0). The population attributable risk of maternal birth in the US for gastroschisis equaled 43%. The incidence of omphalocele did not vary by maternal nativity. CONCLUSIONS: Mexican-American women's birth in the US vs Mexico is an independent risk factor for gastroschisis but not omphalocele. Moreover, a substantial proportion of gastroschisis lesions among Mexican-American infants is attributable to factors closely related to their mother's nativity.

[Evolution of the completeness and consistency of the gastroschisis registry in the Brazilian Live Birth Information System, from 2005 to 2020]. / Evolução da completude e consistência do registro de gastrosquise no Sistema de Informações sobre Nascidos Vivos no Brasil, de 2005 a 2020.

This study aimed to evaluate the evolution of the completeness and consistency of the gastroschisis registry in the Brazilian Live Birth Information System (SINASC). It is a time-series study on the completeness of the variable "occurrence of congenital anomaly" and the consistency of gastroschisis diagnosis in SINASC, in biennia from 2005 to 2020, for federative units, region, and Brazil. The consistency was estimated by the ratio between deaths from gastroschisis registered in the Brazilian Mortality Information System (SIM) and the total number of cases recorded in SINASC. Temporal trend was analyzed by joinpoint regression. In the period, 46,574,995 live births and 10,024 cases of gastroschisis were recorded. A total of 5,632 infant deaths due to gastroschisis were identified. The percentage of incompleteness decreased from 6.52% to 1.87%, with an annual percentage variation (APV) of -14.5%, and completeness reached excellence (≤ 5% of incompleteness), except in the Central-West Region. Case/death ratios above 1 were found in the North and Northeast regions and in some federative units in the Central-West, but there was a decrease, approaching the mortality found in studies in the South and Southeast regions. Its reduction was more pronounced until 2009-2010 (APV = -10.7%) and smaller later (APV = -4.4%). The quality of the gastroschisis registry reflects regional differences in the overall quality of SINASC, constituting as a marker for malformations that require complex neonatal care.

O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a evolução da completude e da consistência do registro de gastrosquise no Sistema de Informações sobre Nascidos Vivos (SINASC) no Brasil. Trata-se de estudo de série temporal sobre a completude da variável "ocorrência de anomalia congênita" e a consistência do diagnóstico de gastrosquise no SINASC, nos biênios entre 2005 e 2020, para Unidades da Federação, região e Brasil. A consistência foi estimada pela razão entre óbitos por gastrosquise registrados no Sistema de Informações sobre Mortalidade (SIM) e o total de casos registrados no SINASC. A tendência temporal foi analisada por regressão joinpoint. No período, havia registro de 46.574.995 nascidos vivos e 10.024 casos de gastrosquise entre eles. Identificamos 5.632 óbitos infantis por gastrosquise. O percentual de incompletude diminuiu de 6,52% para 1,87%, com variação percentual anual (VPA) de -14,5%, e a completude atingiu a excelência (≤ 5% de incompletude), exceto no Centro-oeste do país. Razão óbito/caso acima de 1 foi encontrada nas regiões Norte e Nordeste e em alguns estados do Centro-oeste, mas houve diminuição, aproximando-se da mortalidade encontrada em estudos no Sul e Sudeste. Sua redução foi mais acentuada até 2009-2010 (VPA = -10,7%) e menor posteriormente (VPA = -4,4%). A qualidade do registro de gastrosquise reflete as diferenças regionais da qualidade geral do SINASC, configurando-se uma condição marcadora para malformações que demandam atenção neonatal complexa.

El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar la evolución de la completitud y consistencia del registro de la gastrosquisis en el Sistema de Información de los Nacidos Vivos (SINASC) en Brasil. Se trata de un estudio de serie temporal sobre la completitud de la variable "aparición de anomalía congénita" y la consistencia del diagnóstico de gastrosquisis en el SINASC, en los bienios entre 2005 y 2020, en estados, regiones y Brasil. La consistencia se estimó por la razón entre las defunciones por gastrosquisis registradas en el Sistema de Información de Mortalidad (SIM) y el total de casos inscritos en el SINASC. La tendencia temporal se analizó mediante regresión joinpoint. Durante el período, hubo 46.574.995 nacidos vivos y 10.024 casos de gastrosquisis entre ellos. Identificamos 5.632 muertes infantiles por gastrosquisis. El porcentaje de incompletitud disminuyó de 6,52% a 1,87%, con una variación porcentual anual (VPA) de -14,5%, y la completitud alcanzó la excelencia (≤ 5% de incompletitud), excepto en la región Centro-oeste del país. Se encontró una relación defunciones/caso superior a 1 en las regiones Norte y Nordeste y en algunos estados del Centro-oeste, pero hubo una disminución, acercándose a la mortalidad encontrada en estudios en el Sur y Sudeste. Su reducción fue más pronunciada hasta 2009-2010 (VPA = -10,7%) y después menor (VPA = -4,4%). La calidad del registro de gastrosquisis refleja diferencias regionales relacionadas con la calidad general del SINASC, configurando una condición manifiesta de malformaciones que demandan cuidados neonatales complejos.

Vivência de mães no cuidado alimentar do filho com gastrosquise à luz de Ramona Mercer / Experience of mothers in the feeding care for children with gastroschisis in the light of Ramona Mercer / Vivencia de madres en el cuidado de alimentación de su hijo con gastrosquisis a la luz de Ramona Mercer

Objetivo: compreender a vivência materna no cuidado alimentar do filho com gastrosquise e discutir a assistência do enfermeiro a essas mães segundo as concepções de Ramona Mercer sobre o papel maternal. Métodos: estudo qualitativo realizado em duas unidades de terapia intensiva (neonatal e cirúrgica) de uma instituição federal no Rio de Janeiro. Foram entrevistadas 11 mães de recém-nascidos com gastrosquise que se alimentavam por via oral e sonda. Os dados foram analisados e interpretados à luz de Bardin e Ramona Mercer. Resultados: as falas evidenciaram dificuldades na construção da identidade materna, visto que alimentar o filho com gastrosquise é desafiador devido à instabilidade clínica, porém, o apoio da enfermagem mostrou-se fundamental nesse processo. Conclusão: dar voz e incluir as mães no cuidado faz com que elas se sintam seguras na criação do vínculo mãe-filho e estabeleçam estratégias para o desenvolvimento do papel materno, mesmo diante dos obstáculos impostos pela malformação

Objective: to understand the maternal experience in the feeding care of the infant with gastroschisis and discuss the assistance of the nurse to these mothers according to the conceptions of Ramona Mercer about the maternal role. Methods: qualitative study carried out in two intensive care units (neonatal and surgical) of a federal institution in Rio de Janeiro. A total of 11 mothers of newborns with gastroschisis who ate via oral and via tube were interviewed. The data were analyzed and interpreted in the light of Bardin and Ramona Mercer. Results: the answers evidenced the difficulties in building the maternal identity, given that feeding a child with gastroschisis is challenging due to the clinical instability; however, the support of the nursing personnel was essential in this process. Conclusion: giving voice and including the mothers in the care make them feel more secure in building the mother-child link and establishing strategies to the development of the maternal role, even in the face of obstacles imposed by the malformation.

Objetivo: comprender la vivencia materna en el cuidado de la alimentación del hijo con gastrosquisis y discutir la asistencia de enfermería a estas madres bajo la perspectiva de Ramona Mercer sobre el papel materno. Métodos: estudio cualitativo, realizado en dos unidades de cuidados intensivos (neonatal y quirúrgica) de una institución federal en Río de Janeiro. Se entrevistaron a 11 madres de recién nacidos con gastrosquisis, que se alimentaban vía oral y por sonda. Para el análisis e interpretación de los datos se utilizó la perspectiva de Bardin y de Ramona Mercer. Resultados: los relatos apuntaron a dificultades en la construcción de la identidad materna, pues alimentar al hijo con gastrosquisis es un desafío debido a la inestabilidad clínica; sin embargo, el apoyo de la enfermería resultó ser fundamental en este proceso. Conclusión: dar voz e incluir a las madres en el cuidado las hace sentir seguras en la creación del vínculo madre-hijo y establece estrategias para el desarrollo del rol materno, incluso ante obstáculos impuestos por esta malformación

Prenatal repair of gastroschisis using partial carbon dioxide insufflation fetoscopy: lessons learned.

We report the long-term outcomes of a case of prenatal gastroschisis repair using a fully percutaneous fetoscopic approach with partial carbon dioxide insufflation. Surgery was performed as an experimental procedure before the scheduled elective birth. The fetal intestines were successfully returned to the abdominal cavity without any fetal or maternal complications. Ultrasonography performed 24 hours later revealed bowel peristalsis and no signs of fetal distress. After 48 hours, partial extrusion of the small bowel was observed, and the fetus was delivered. Gastroschisis repair was immediately performed upon delivery using the EXIT-like procedure as per our institutional protocol. The newborn did not require assisted mechanical ventilation, was discharged at 14 days of age and was then exclusively breastfed. At 3-year follow-up, the patient had no associated gastroschisis-related complications. This is the first case of prenatal repair of gastroschisis, which provides baseline knowledge for future researchers on the potential hurdles and management of prenatal repair.

Predicting mortality in neonates with gastroschisis in a Southeastern state of Brazil.

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to verify risk factors associated with gastroschisis mortality in three neonatal intensive care units located in the state of Espírito Santo, Brazil. METHODS: A retrospective cohort study of neonates with gastroschisis was performed between 2000 and 2018. Prenatal, perinatal, and postsurgical variables of survival or nonsurvival groups were compared using chi-square statistical test, t-test, Mann-Whitney U test, and logistic regression. Tests with p<0.05 were considered statistically determined. RESULTS: A total of 142 newborns were investigated. Mean maternal age, gestational age, and birth weight were lower in the group of nonsurvival (p<0.05). Poor clinical conditions during admission, complex gastroschisis, closure with silo placement, the use of blood products, surgical complications, and short bowel syndrome were more frequent in the nonsurvival group (p<0.05). Complex gastroschisis [adjusted odds ratio (OR) 3.74, 95% confidence interval (95%CI) 1.274-11.019] and short bowel syndrome (adjusted OR 7.55, 95%CI 2.177-26.225) increased the risk of death. Higher birth weight inversely reduced the risk for mortality (adjusted OR 0.99, 95%CI 0.997-1.000). CONCLUSION: Complex gastroschisis and short bowel syndrome increased the risk of death, with greater birth weight being inversely correlated with the risk of mortality. The findings of this research can contribute to the formulation of protocols to improve the quality and safety of care in order to reduce neonatal mortality associated with gastroschisis.

Trends in prevalence of gastroschisis in Brazil from 2007 to 2020: A national population-based cross-sectional study.

BACKGROUND: Gastroschisis is a congenital abnormality of the abdominal wall which worldwide prevalence is increasing with time. Up to now, young maternal age is the main factor associated with gastroschisis. Brazil has a great proportion of adolescent mothers. OBJECTIVES: To estimate prevalence of gastroschisis in Brazil, explore the effect of very young maternal age, and analyze regional distribution and time trends. METHODS: Cross-sectional population-based study using data from official national information systems from 2007 to 2020, covering 9,831 gastroschisis cases. Low maternal age was assessed as risk factor through odds ratio. Prevalence time trends by maternal age and geographic area were analyzed using joinpoint regression. RESULTS: Overall prevalence of gastroschisis in Brazil was 2.47 per 10,000 births. From first to last biennium, there was a 23% relative increase. Last biennium prevalence was higher in the Central-west region and lower in the Northeast. Compared to mothers of 20-34 years old (YO), the odds-ratio for prevalence and 95% confidence intervals for gastroschisis were, as follows: (a) 10-14 YO-4.9 (4.3,5.5); (b) 15-19 YO-3.6 (3.5,3.8); and (c) 35-49 YO-0.3 (95% CI 0.3, 0.4). CONCLUSIONS: Prevalence of gastroschisis in Brazil relatively increased 23% from 2007 to 2020. This happened in all maternal age groups. Differences between regions may be associated to data quality. Young mothers had a higher prevalence of gastroschisis and still higher for those under 15 YO. Mother age over 34 YO was a protective factor.

Resultados materno y perinatal de pacientes con diagnóstico prenatal de gastrosquisis en un centro de Medellín / Maternal and perinatal outcomes of patients with prenatal diagnosis of gastroschisis in a center in Medellin

Objetivo: Describir los resultados maternos y perinatales de pacientes con diagnóstico prenatal de gastrosquisis atendidos en un centro de referencia obstétrica de Medellín. Método: Estudio observacional, descriptivo y retrospectivo, llevado a cabo en la Clínica Universitaria Bolivariana en fetos con diagnóstico prenatal de gastrosquisis desde el 1 de enero de 2010 hasta el 31 de julio de 2021. Resultados: Se identificaron 54 gestantes con diagnóstico prenatal de gastrosquisis. En el 63% era su primer embarazo y el 27,8% eran adolescentes. La duración promedio de la gestación fue de 35 semanas y 6 días. La cesárea fue la vía más común (98,1%) y la indicación más frecuente fue sufrimiento de asa 66,7%. El 55,6% de los neonatos requirieron más de una intervención quirúrgica para el cierre de la pared abdominal. Las complicaciones más frecuentes fueron anemia (66,7%) e íleo posoperatorio (72,2%). La mortalidad fue del 13%. Conclusiones: Se evidencian algunas características similares a las reportadas en otras series. La mayor presentación fue en primer embarazo, la causa de finalización de la gestación fue sufrimiento de asas (demostrando la importancia del seguimiento ecográfico), y las complicaciones más frecuentes fueron anemia e íleo posoperatorio presentados por la prematuridad. La mortalidad comparada con la de otras instituciones locales fue menor.

Objective: To describe the outcomes of maternal and perinatal in patients diagnosed with prenatal gastroschisis that received medical care at an obstetric reference center in Medellin. Method: Observational, descriptive and retrospective study in fetuses with a prenatal diagnosis of gastroschisis performed in the Clínica Universitaria Bolivariana between January 1st 2010 and July 31st 2021. Results: Were included 54 pregnant women with prenatal diagnosis of gastroschisis. The 63% were their first pregnancy and 27,8% were adolescents. The average duration of gestation was 35 weeks and 6 days. Cesarean section was the most common way of delivery (98,1%) and the most frequent indication was suffering from loop (66,7%). The 55,6% of neonates required more than one surgical intervention for closure of the abdominal wall. The most frequent complications were anemia (66,7%) and postoperative ileus (72,2%). A mortality of 13% was presented. Conclusions: Some characteristics like reported in other series are evident. The greatest presentation was in the first pregnancy, the cause of termination of pregnancy was suffering from loops (demonstrating the importance of ultrasound monitoring) and the most frequent complications were anemia and postoperative ileus presented by prematurity. Mortality, compared to other local institutions, was lower.

Gastrosquisis: Experiencia del Hospital Carlos van Buren en el manejo anestésico del Símil-EXIT. Un estudio de cohorte retrospectiva / EXITE-like procedure to treat gastroschisis, is anesthesia an issue? A retrospective cohort study

OBJECTIVES: To describe the anesthetic techinque used during EXIT-like procedures and assess its effects in the overall success rate of the intervention. METHODOLOGY: Retrospective cohort study of 32 mother-newborn pairs with an antenatal diagnosis of gastroschisis in whom a primary closure was planned using the EXIT-like procedure. RESULTS: In 26 (81.3%, 95%CI 63.5-92.8%) cases a successful closure of the abdominal defect was achieved. A slightly reduced success rate was found amongst patients receiving spinal anesthesia (71.4%) when compared with general (80.0%) and mixed techniques (86.7%), which did not reach statistical significance. CONCLUSIONS: No association was found between anesthesia technique and EXIT-like procedure success rates. Futher randomised studies are needed to confirm these findings.

OBJETIVOS: Describir la técnica anestésica actual utilizada para el cierre primario de la gastrosquisis mediante técnica Simil-EXIT y evaluar si esta condiciona a la tasa de éxito del procedimiento. METODOLOGÍA: Análisis de una cohorte de 32 binomios madre-recién nacidos con diagnóstico antenatal de gastrosquisis en los que se planificó cierre primario mediante técnica Simil-EXIT entre los años 2010 y 2021 en el Hospital Carlos Van Buren. RESULTADOS: Se reportó una tasa de éxito del procedimiento quirúrgico en 26 participantes (81,3%, IC 63,5%-92,8%), sin encontrar una diferencia estadística en relación con la técnica anestésica utilizada (espinal, general o general-espinal), aunque se encontró una menor tasa de éxito con la técnica espinal (71,4%, 80%, 86,7% respectivamente). CONCLUSIONES: No se observó diferencia en la tasa de éxito de del procedimiento Simil-EXIT y su relación con la técnica anestésica utilizada. Sin embargo, no se puede descartar la superioridad de la técnica general o general-espinal con los datos obtenidos siendo necesario realizar un estudio clínico aleatorizado con un mayor número de participantes.

The complex search for the cause of gastroschisis.

BACKGROUND: To reveal the complex etiology of gastroschisis through two independent cases. CASES: Case 1 involves gastroschisis recurrence in a consanguineous marriage, and Case 2 concerns a fetus with gastroschisis whose mother had undergone gastroplasty. Methylation array was carried out in both cases (two fetuses with gastroschisis, their two mothers, one father from the consanguineous marriage), and in 16 controls (fetuses and their respective mothers). CONCLUSION: The two cases presented different noninherited methylation profiles.