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1.
Epigenetics Chromatin ; 17(1): 6, 2024 Mar 14.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38481282

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Prostate adenocarcinoma (PRAD) is the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths in men. High variability in DNA methylation and a high rate of large genomic rearrangements are often observed in PRAD. RESULTS: To investigate the reasons for such high variance, we integrated DNA methylation, RNA-seq, and copy number alterations datasets from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), focusing on PRAD, and employed weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA). Our results show that only single cluster of co-expressed genes is associated with genomic and epigenomic instability. Within this cluster, TP63 and TRIM29 are key transcription regulators and are downregulated in PRAD. We discovered that TP63 regulates the level of enhancer methylation in prostate basal epithelial cells. TRIM29 forms a complex with TP63 and together regulates the expression of genes specific to the prostate basal epithelium. In addition, TRIM29 binds DNA repair proteins and prevents the formation of the TMPRSS2:ERG gene fusion typically observed in PRAD. CONCLUSION: Our study demonstrates that TRIM29 and TP63 are important regulators in maintaining the identity of the basal epithelium under physiological conditions. Furthermore, we uncover the role of TRIM29 in PRAD development.


Assuntos
Neoplasias da Próstata , Masculino , Humanos , Neoplasias da Próstata/metabolismo , Metilação de DNA , Sequências Reguladoras de Ácido Nucleico , Instabilidade Cromossômica , Proteínas de Ligação a DNA/genética , Proteínas de Ligação a DNA/metabolismo , Fatores de Transcrição/genética , Fatores de Transcrição/metabolismo , Proteínas Supressoras de Tumor/genética
2.
Int J Mol Sci ; 25(5)2024 Feb 27.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38474003

RESUMO

MicroRNA (miRNA) modulation has been identified as a promising strategy for improving the response of human prostate cancer (PCa) to radiotherapy (RT). Studies have shown that mimics or inhibitors of miRNAs could modulate the sensitivity of PCa cells to RT. In addition, pegylated gold nanoparticles have been studied as a therapeutic approach to treat PCa cells and/or vehicles for carrying miRNAs to the inside of cells. Therefore, we evaluated the capacity of hypofractionated RT and pegylated gold nanorods (AuNPr-PEG) to modulate the miRNA signature on PCa cells. Thus, RT-qPCR was used to analyze miRNA-95, miRNA-106-5p, miRNA-145-5p, and miRNA-541-3p on three human metastatic prostate cell lines (PC3, DU145, and LNCaP) and one human prostate epithelial cell line (HprEpiC, a non-tumor cell line) with and without treatment. Our results showed that miRNA expression levels depend on cell type and the treatment combination applied using RT and AuNPr-PEG. In addition, cells pre-treated with AuNPr-PEG and submitted to 2.5 Gy per day for 3 days decreased the expression levels of miRNA-95, miRNA-106, miRNA-145, and miRNA-541-3p. In conclusion, PCa patients submitted to hypofractionated RT could receive personalized treatment based on their metastatic cellular miRNA signature, and AuNPr-PEG could be used to increase metastatic cell radiosensitivity.


Assuntos
Nanopartículas Metálicas , MicroRNAs , Neoplasias da Próstata , Masculino , Humanos , MicroRNAs/genética , Ouro/metabolismo , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Neoplasias da Próstata/metabolismo , Polietilenoglicóis/metabolismo , Regulação Neoplásica da Expressão Gênica
3.
Int J Mol Sci ; 25(5)2024 Feb 28.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38474045

RESUMO

Although Astragalus membranaceus is known to have anti-inflammatory, anti-obesity, and anti-oxidant properties, the underlying apoptotic mechanism of Astragalus membranaceus extract has never been elucidated in prostate cancer. In this paper, the apoptotic mechanism of a water extract from the dried root of Astragalus membranaceus (WAM) was investigated in prostate cancer cells in association with heat shock protein 27 (HSP27)/androgen receptor (AR) signaling. WAM increased cytotoxicity and the sub-G1 population, cleaved poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) and cysteine aspartyl-specific protease 3 (caspase 3), and attenuated the expression of B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) in LNCaP cells after 24 h of exposure. Consistently, WAM significantly increased the number of terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL)-positive LNCaP cells. WAM decreased the phosphorylation of HSP27 on Ser82 and inhibited the expression of the AR and prostate-specific antigen (PSA), along with reducing the nuclear translocation of p-HSP27 and the AR via the disturbed binding of p-HSP27 with the AR in LNCaP cells. WAM consistently inhibited the expression of the AR and PSA in dihydrotestosterone (DHT)-treated LNCaP cells. WAM also suppressed AR stability, both in the presence and absence of cycloheximide, in LNCaP cells. Taken together, these findings provide evidence that WAM induces apoptosis via the inhibition of HSP27/AR signaling in prostate cancer cells and is a potent anticancer candidate for prostate cancer treatment.


Assuntos
Neoplasias da Próstata , Receptores Androgênicos , Masculino , Humanos , Receptores Androgênicos/metabolismo , Antígeno Prostático Específico/metabolismo , Proteínas de Choque Térmico HSP27/metabolismo , Espécies Reativas de Oxigênio , Astragalus propinquus/metabolismo , Neoplasias da Próstata/metabolismo , Apoptose , Linhagem Celular Tumoral
4.
J Exp Clin Cancer Res ; 43(1): 67, 2024 Mar 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38429845

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Docetaxel resistance represents a significant obstacle in the treatment of prostate cancer. The intricate interplay between cytokine signalling pathways and transcriptional control mechanisms in cancer cells contributes to chemotherapeutic resistance, yet the underlying molecular determinants remain only partially understood. This study elucidated a novel resistance mechanism mediated by the autocrine interaction of interleukin-11 (IL-11) and its receptor interleukin-11 receptor subunit alpha(IL-11RA), culminating in activation of the JAK1/STAT4 signalling axis and subsequent transcriptional upregulation of the oncogene c-MYC. METHODS: Single-cell secretion profiling of prostate cancer organoid was analyzed to determine cytokine production profiles associated with docetaxel resistance.Analysis of the expression pattern of downstream receptor IL-11RA and enrichment of signal pathway to clarify the potential autocrine mechanism of IL-11.Next, chromatin immunoprecipitation coupled with high-throughput sequencing (ChIP-seq) was performed to detect the nuclear localization and DNA-binding patterns of phosphorylated STAT4 (pSTAT4). Coimmunoprecipitation and reporter assays were utilized to assess interaction between pSTAT4 and the cotranscription factor CREB-binding protein (CBP) as well as their role in c-MYC transcriptional activity. RESULTS: Autocrine secretion of IL-11 was markedly increased in docetaxel-resistant prostate cancer cells. IL-11 stimulation resulted in robust activation of JAK1/STAT4 signalling. Upon activation, pSTAT4 translocated to the nucleus and associated with CBP at the c-MYC promoter region, amplifying its transcriptional activity. Inhibition of the IL-11/IL-11RA interaction or disruption of the JAK1/STAT4 pathway significantly reduced pSTAT4 nuclear entry and its binding to CBP, leading to downregulation of c-MYC expression and restoration of docetaxel sensitivity. CONCLUSION: Our findings identify an autocrine loop of IL-11/IL-11RA that confers docetaxel resistance through the JAK1/STAT4 pathway. The pSTAT4-CBP interaction serves as a critical enhancer of c-MYC transcriptional activity in prostate cancer cells. Targeting this signalling axis presents a potential therapeutic strategy to overcome docetaxel resistance in advanced prostate cancer.


Assuntos
Resistencia a Medicamentos Antineoplásicos , Interleucina-11 , Neoplasias da Próstata , Humanos , Masculino , Docetaxel/farmacologia , Regulação da Expressão Gênica , Interleucina-11/genética , Interleucina-11/metabolismo , Janus Quinase 1/genética , Janus Quinase 1/metabolismo , Neoplasias da Próstata/tratamento farmacológico , Neoplasias da Próstata/genética , Neoplasias da Próstata/metabolismo , Transdução de Sinais , Fator de Transcrição STAT4/metabolismo , Resistencia a Medicamentos Antineoplásicos/genética
5.
Cell Biochem Funct ; 42(2): e3979, 2024 Mar.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38481004

RESUMO

Obesity is an established risk factor for the development and progression of prostate cancer (PC). This study used adipose conditioned media (ACM) from differentiated adipocytes to assess its effect on PC development and aggressiveness. Due to limited research on ACM's impact on isolated PC stem cells (PCSCs), we also examined CD44+ PCSCs. ACM notably boosted interleukin-1ß (IL-1ß), IL-6, and IL-8 production in normal prostate epithelial cells and LNCaP cells. It also increased IL-6 and IL-8 production in PC3 and CD44+ LNCaP cells, and IL-1ß and IL-6 production in CD44+ PC3 cells. This indicates that ACM induces the production of inflammatory cytokines in both cancer and prostate epithelial cells. Furthermore, ACM promoted proliferation in androgen receptor (AR)-negative PC3 cells, CD44+ PC3 PCSCs, and nonmalignant RWPE cells, without affecting AR-positive LNCaP cells. In addition, ACM-enhanced invasion and migration potential in both PC3 and CD44+ PC3 cells. Western blot analysis indicated the involvement of NF-κB and AKT pathways in ACM-induced proliferation in PC3 cells and NF-κB in PCSCs. In ACM-treated PC3 cells, E-cadherin was downregulated, while N-cadherin, Snail, vimentin, fibronectin, and Twist were upregulated, suggesting ACM-induced invasion via classical epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) pathways. In response to ACM, PCSCs exhibited increased expression of E-cadherin, Snail, and vimentin, which are partial EMT markers promoting stemness and resistance to apoptosis. In addition, increased expressions of Nanog, Oct3/4, survivin, and Bcl-2 were observed. Although the molecules we studied have diverse effects on cellular regulation, our data emphasize obesity's multifaceted role in promoting and aggressing PC, notably affecting PCSC populations.


Assuntos
NF-kappa B , Neoplasias da Próstata , Masculino , Humanos , NF-kappa B/metabolismo , Meios de Cultivo Condicionados/farmacologia , Vimentina , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Interleucina-6 , Interleucina-8/farmacologia , Neoplasias da Próstata/metabolismo , Caderinas/metabolismo , Obesidade , Células-Tronco Neoplásicas/metabolismo , Movimento Celular , Proliferação de Células , Transição Epitelial-Mesenquimal
6.
Biofabrication ; 16(2)2024 02 20.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38306674

RESUMO

Glandular cancers are amongst the most prevalent types of cancer, which can develop in many different organs, presenting challenges in their detection as well as high treatment variability and failure rates. For that purpose, anticancer drugs are commonly tested in cancer cell lines grown in 2D tissue culture on plastic dishesin vitro, or in animal modelsin vivo. However, 2D culture models diverge significantly from the 3D characteristics of living tissues and animal models require extensive animal use and time. Glandular cancers, such as prostate cancer-the second leading cause of male cancer death-typically exist in co-centrical architectures where a cell layer surrounds an acellular lumen. Herein, this spatial cellular position and 3D architecture, containing dual compartments with different hydrogel materials, is engineered using a simple co-axial nozzle setup, in a single step utilizing prostate as a model of glandular cancer. The resulting hydrogel soft structures support viable prostate cancer cells of different cell lines and enable over-time maturation into cancer-mimicking aggregates surrounding the acellular core. The biofabricated cancer mimicking structures are then used as a model to predict the inhibitory efficacy of the poly ADP ribose polymerase inhibitor, Talazoparib, and the antiandrogen drug, Enzalutamide, in the growth of the cancer cell layer. Our results show that the obtained hydrogel constructs can be adapted to quickly obtain 3D cancer models which combine 3D physiological architectures with high-throughput screening to detect and optimize anti-cancer drugs in prostate and potentially other glandular cancer types.


Assuntos
Antineoplásicos , Neoplasias da Próstata , Humanos , Animais , Masculino , Hidrogéis/química , Antineoplásicos/farmacologia , Antineoplásicos/uso terapêutico , Neoplasias da Próstata/tratamento farmacológico , Neoplasias da Próstata/metabolismo , Linhagem Celular
7.
Anticancer Res ; 44(3): 953-962, 2024 Mar.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38423638

RESUMO

BACKGROUND/AIM: Treatment of castration-resistant prostate cancer with docetaxel (DOC) often leads to resistance. In this study, we investigated whether manganese (Mn) has the potential to enhance treatment when combined with DOC. MATERIALS AND METHODS: PC3 cells were exposed to DOC or Mn individually and in combination and cell viability was analysed in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Cell toxicity, cell cycle analysis and apoptotic protein levels were determined after 48 h of treatment. RESULTS: Mn in combination with different concentrations of DOC significantly enhanced the inhibitory effect on cell viability. Although the lowest dose did not cause mitotic arrest, DOC increased toxicity, which was reduced when combined with Mn. Protein analyses indicated that Mn compensates for the suppression of death receptors when combined with a low concentration of DOC and induced non-apoptotic pathways when combined with a higher concentration. CONCLUSION: Combining DOC and Mn may allow for a reduction in DOC concentration with the potential to reduce side effects.


Assuntos
Antineoplásicos , Neoplasias da Próstata , Masculino , Humanos , Docetaxel/farmacologia , Docetaxel/uso terapêutico , Manganês/farmacologia , Apoptose , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Neoplasias da Próstata/tratamento farmacológico , Neoplasias da Próstata/metabolismo , Antineoplásicos/farmacologia , Antineoplásicos/uso terapêutico
8.
Cancer Rep (Hoboken) ; 7(2): e1996, 2024 02.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38351552

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Dendritic cells (DCs) play a crucial role in immunity. Research on monocyte-derived DCs (Mo-DCs) cancer vaccines is in progress despite limited success in clinical trials. This study focuses on Mo-DCs generated from prostate cancer (PCA) patients, comparing them with DCs from healthy donors (HD-DCs). METHODS: Mo-DCs were isolated from PCA patient samples, and their phenotype was compared to HD-DCs. Key parameters included monocyte count, CD14 expression, and the levels of maturation markers (HLA-DR, CD80, CD86) were assessed. RESULTS: PCA samples exhibited a significantly lower monocyte count and reduced CD14 expression compared to healthy samples (p ⟨ 0.0001). Additionally, PCA-DCs expressed significantly lower levels of maturation markers, including HLA-DR, CD80, and CD86, when compared to HD-DCs (p = 0.123, p = 0.884, and p = 0.309, respectively). CONCLUSION: The limited success of DC vaccines could be attributed to impaired phenotypic characteristics. These observations suggest that suboptimal characteristics of Mo-DCs generated from cancer patient blood samples might contribute to the limited success of DC vaccines. Consequently, this study underscores the need for alternative strategies to enhance the features of Mo-DCs for more effective cancer immunotherapies.


Assuntos
Neoplasias da Próstata , Vacinas , Humanos , Masculino , Monócitos/metabolismo , Diferenciação Celular , Células Dendríticas/metabolismo , Antígeno B7-1/metabolismo , Antígenos HLA-DR/metabolismo , Neoplasias da Próstata/terapia , Neoplasias da Próstata/metabolismo , Fenótipo , Vacinas/metabolismo
9.
J Pathol ; 262(4): 391-394, 2024 Apr.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38332742

RESUMO

Prostate cancer is one of the most prevalent and, upon metastasis, deadliest cancers in men. Timely identification is essential for effective treatment. Furthermore, accurate determination of prostatic origin is crucial for personalized therapy once the cancer has spread. However, current prostate cancer screening methods are lacking. A recent article in The Journal of Pathology addresses this issue by utilizing an improved antibody to reevaluate HOXB13 as a lineage marker for prostate cancer. The study's findings support the concept that, despite decreased expression in advanced prostate cancer, HOXB13 remains highly suitable for determining prostatic origin due to its androgen receptor independence, high specificity, and sensitivity. © 2024 The Authors. The Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.


Assuntos
Neoplasias da Próstata , Masculino , Humanos , Neoplasias da Próstata/diagnóstico , Neoplasias da Próstata/genética , Neoplasias da Próstata/metabolismo , Antígeno Prostático Específico/metabolismo , Detecção Precoce de Câncer , Biomarcadores Tumorais/genética , Biomarcadores Tumorais/metabolismo , Próstata/patologia , Proteínas de Homeodomínio/genética , Proteínas de Homeodomínio/metabolismo , Imunoglobulinas
10.
Int J Biol Sci ; 20(4): 1297-1313, 2024.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38385080

RESUMO

Bone metastasis caused the majority death of prostate cancer (PCa) but the mechanism remains poorly understood. In this present study, we show that polypeptide N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase 12 (GALNT12) suppresses bone-specific metastasis of PCa. GALNT12 suppresses proliferation, migration, invasion and cell division ability of PCa cells by activating the BMP pathway. Mechanistic investigations showed that GALNT12 augments the O-glycosylation of BMPR1A then actives the BMP pathway. Activated BMP signaling inhibits the expression of integrin αVß3 to reduce the bone-specific seeding of PCa cells. Furthermore, activated BMP signaling remolds the immune microenvironment by suppressing the STAT3 pathway. Our results of this study illustrate the role and mechanism of GALNT12 in the process of bone metastasis of PCa and identify GALNT12 as a potential therapeutic target for metastatic PCa.


Assuntos
Neoplasias Ósseas , N-Acetilgalactosaminiltransferases , Neoplasias da Próstata , Masculino , Humanos , Glicosilação , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Transdução de Sinais/genética , Neoplasias da Próstata/metabolismo , Neoplasias Ósseas/metabolismo , Microambiente Tumoral , Receptores de Proteínas Morfogenéticas Ósseas Tipo I/genética , Receptores de Proteínas Morfogenéticas Ósseas Tipo I/metabolismo , N-Acetilgalactosaminiltransferases/genética , N-Acetilgalactosaminiltransferases/metabolismo
11.
Sci Rep ; 14(1): 4404, 2024 02 22.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38388663

RESUMO

Prostate cancer (PCa) progression leads to bone modulation in approximately 70% of affected men. A nutraceutical, namely, α-lipoic acid (α-LA), is known for its potent anti-cancer properties towards various cancers and has been implicated in treating and promoting bone health. Our study aimed to explore the molecular mechanism behind the role of α-LA as therapeutics in preventing PCa and its associated bone modulation. Notably, α-LA treatment significantly reduced the cell viability, migration, and invasion of PCa cell lines in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, α-LA supplementation dramatically increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels and HIF-1α expression, which started the downstream molecular cascade and activated JNK/caspase-3 signaling pathway. Flow cytometry data revealed the arrest of the cell cycle in the S-phase, which has led to apoptosis of PCa cells. Furthermore, the results of ALP (Alkaline phosphatase) and TRAP (tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase) staining signifies that α-LA supplementation diminished the PCa-mediated differentiation of osteoblasts and osteoclasts, respectively, in the MC3T3-E1 and bone marrow macrophages (BMMs) cells. In summary, α-LA supplementation enhanced cellular apoptosis via increased ROS levels, HIF-1α expression, and JNK/caspase-3 signaling pathway in advanced human PCa cell lines. Also, the treatment of α-LA improved bone health by reducing PCa-mediated bone cell modulation.


Assuntos
Neoplasias da Próstata , Ácido Tióctico , Masculino , Humanos , Ácido Tióctico/farmacologia , Caspase 3/metabolismo , Espécies Reativas de Oxigênio/metabolismo , Diferenciação Celular , Osteoblastos/metabolismo , Neoplasias da Próstata/tratamento farmacológico , Neoplasias da Próstata/metabolismo
12.
Int J Mol Sci ; 25(4)2024 Feb 10.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38396837

RESUMO

Antineoplastic therapies for prostate cancer (PCa) have traditionally centered around the androgen receptor (AR) pathway, which has demonstrated a significant role in oncogenesis. Nevertheless, it is becoming progressively apparent that therapeutic strategies must diversify their focus due to the emergence of resistance mechanisms that the tumor employs when subjected to monomolecular treatments. This review illustrates how the dysregulation of the lipid metabolic pathway constitutes a survival strategy adopted by tumors to evade eradication efforts. Integrating this aspect into oncological management could prove valuable in combating PCa.


Assuntos
Antineoplásicos , Neoplasias de Próstata Resistentes à Castração , Neoplasias da Próstata , Masculino , Humanos , Neoplasias de Próstata Resistentes à Castração/patologia , Ácido Mevalônico , Neoplasias da Próstata/metabolismo , Receptores Androgênicos/metabolismo , Antineoplásicos/farmacologia , Antineoplásicos/uso terapêutico
13.
Int J Mol Sci ; 25(4)2024 Feb 08.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38396744

RESUMO

Cysteine-rich angiogenic factor 61 (CCN1/Cyr61) is a matricellular protein that is induced and secreted in response to growth factors. Our previous work showed that 18:1-lysophosphatidic acid (LPA), which activates the G protein-coupled receptor LPAR1, induces CCN1 between 2-4 h in PC-3 human prostate cancer cells in a manner than enhances cell-substrate adhesion. While the time course of induction suggests that CCN1 contributes to intermediate events in LPA action, the roles of CCN1 in LPA-mediated signal transduction have not been fully elucidated. This study utilized a comprehensive global proteomics approach to identify proteins up- or down-regulated in response to treatment of PC-3 cells with LPA for three hours, during the time of peak CCN1 levels. In addition, the effects of siRNA-mediated CCN1 knockdown on LPA responses were analyzed. The results show that, in addition to CCN1, LPA increased the levels of multiple proteins. Proteins up-regulated by LPA included metastasis-associated in colon cancer protein 1 (MACC1) and thrombospondin-1 (TSP1/THBS1); both MACC1 and TSP1 regulated cancer cell adhesion and motility. LPA down-regulated thioredoxin interacting protein (TXNIP). CCN1 knockdown suppressed the LPA-induced up-regulation of 30 proteins; these included MACC1 and TSP1, as confirmed by immunoblotting. Gene ontology and STRING analyses revealed multiple pathways impacted by LPA and CCN1. These results indicate that CCN1 contributes to LPA signaling cascades that occur during the intermediate phase after the initial stimulus. The study provides a rationale for the development of interventions to disrupt the LPA-CCN1 axis.


Assuntos
Proteína Rica em Cisteína 61 , Neoplasias da Próstata , Proteômica , Humanos , Masculino , Lisofosfolipídeos/metabolismo , Células PC-3 , Neoplasias da Próstata/genética , Neoplasias da Próstata/metabolismo , Receptores de Ácidos Lisofosfatídicos/genética , Receptores de Ácidos Lisofosfatídicos/metabolismo , Transdução de Sinais , Transativadores/metabolismo , Proteína Rica em Cisteína 61/genética , Proteína Rica em Cisteína 61/metabolismo
14.
Int J Mol Sci ; 25(4)2024 Feb 13.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38396898

RESUMO

The identification of surfaceome proteins is a main goal in cancer research to design antibody-based therapeutic strategies. T cell engagers based on KLK2, a kallikrein specifically expressed in prostate cancer (PRAD), are currently in early clinical development. Using genomic information from different sources, we evaluated the immune microenvironment and genomic profile of prostate tumors with high expression of KLK2. KLK2 was specifically expressed in PRAD but it was not significant associated with Gleason score. Additionally, KLK2 expression did not associate with the presence of any immune cell population and T cell activating markers. A mild correlation between the high expression of KLK2 and the deletion of TMPRSS2 was identified. KLK2 expression associated with high levels of surface proteins linked with a detrimental response to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) including CHRNA2, FAM174B, OR51E2, TSPAN1, PTPRN2, and the non-surface protein TRPM4. However, no association of these genes with an outcome in PRAD was observed. Finally, the expression of these genes in PRAD did not associate with an outcome in PRAD and any immune populations. We describe the immunologic microenvironment on PRAD tumors with a high expression of KLK2, including a gene signature linked with an inert immune microenvironment, that predicts the response to ICIs in other tumor types. Strategies targeting KLK2 with T cell engagers or antibody-drug conjugates will define whether T cell mobilization or antigen release and stimulation of immune cell death are sufficient effects to induce clinical activity.


Assuntos
Calicreínas , Neoplasias da Próstata , Receptores Odorantes , Humanos , Masculino , Genômica , Calicreínas/genética , Calicreínas/imunologia , Calicreínas/metabolismo , Proteínas de Neoplasias , Neoplasias da Próstata/genética , Neoplasias da Próstata/imunologia , Neoplasias da Próstata/metabolismo , Tetraspaninas , Microambiente Tumoral/genética
15.
J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol ; 239: 106476, 2024 May.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38311010

RESUMO

A new chemical scaffold with antagonistic activity towards the androgen receptor (AR) was identified. The parent compound, (3-Methoxy-N-[1-methyl-2-(4-phenyl-1-piperazinyl)-2-(2-thienyl)ethyl]benzamide) referred to as MEL-6, binds in the ligand binding pocket of AR and induces an antagonistic conformation of the ligand binding domain, even in presence of the antagonist-to-agonist switch mutations W741C, T877A and F876L-T877A. MEL-6 has antiproliferative effects on several AR positive prostate cancer cell lines. We further identified AR as the specific target of MEL-6 since it demonstrates little effect on other steroid receptors. In LNCaP cells it also inhibits the androgen-regulated transcriptome. These findings identify MEL-6 as a promising candidate for treatment of patients with prostate tumors that have become resistant to current clinically used AR antagonists. Analytical studies on the chemical composition of MEL-6 identified the presence of four isomers (two enantiomeric pairs), among which one isomer is responsible for the antiandrogenic activity. We therefore developed a synthetic route towards the selective preparation of the active enantiomeric pair. Various MEL-6-like analogues had improved metabolic stability while maintaining antiandrogenic activity. Metabolite identification of MEL-6 derivatives pinpointed N-dealkylation of the piperazine as the main mode for inactivation by liver enzymes. For further structural optimization, MEL-6 derivatives were purchased or synthesized having alterations on the N-phenyl group of the piperazine, the benzoyl group and additionally substituting the thiophen-2-yl ring of MEL-6 to a phenyl ring. This optimization process resulted in compound 12b with sustained AR inhibition and a 4-fold increased half-life due to the 1-(5-chloro-2-methylphenyl)-piperazine substitution, thienyl-to-phenyl substitution and chloro in para-position of the benzoyl group.


Assuntos
Antagonistas de Receptores de Andrógenos , Neoplasias da Próstata , Masculino , Humanos , Antagonistas de Receptores de Andrógenos/farmacologia , Antagonistas de Receptores de Andrógenos/química , Ligantes , Receptores Androgênicos/metabolismo , Neoplasias da Próstata/metabolismo , Androgênios , Piperazinas/farmacologia , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Antagonistas de Androgênios/farmacologia
16.
Clin Chim Acta ; 556: 117845, 2024 Mar 15.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38403146

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Prostate cancer (PCa) lacks convenient and highly specific diagnostic markers. Although the value of extracellular vesicles (EV) in oncology is widely recognized, the diagnostic value of EV metabolites requires further exploration. This study aimed to explore the diagnostic value of urine EV (u-EV) metabolomics in PCa. METHODS: We first detected metabolites in paired tissues cells (cells), tissue EV (t-EVs), u-EVs, and urine samples in cohort 1 (8 PCa vs. 5 benign prostatic hypertrophy, BPH) to prob the feasibility of EV metabolites as diagnostic markers. We then analyzed the value of u-EVs as markers for PCa diagnosis and typing in the expanded sample cohort (60 PCa vs. 40 BPH). RESULTS: U-EV metabolites were more consistent with those in tissue-derived samples (cells and t-EVs) than those in urine, and more differential metabolites between BPH and PCa were identified in u-EV. Subsequently, we used a random forest model to construct a panel of six metabolites for PCa, which showed an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.833 in training cohort and 0.844 in validation cohort. We also found significantly differentially expressed metabolites between PCa subtypes (Gleason ≤ 7 vs. Gleason > 7 and localized vs. metastasis), demonstrating the value of EV metabolites in PCa typing and prognostic assessment. CONCLUSION: Metabolomic analysis of u-EVs is a promising source of noninvasive markers for PCa diagnosis.


Assuntos
Vesículas Extracelulares , Hiperplasia Prostática , Neoplasias da Próstata , Masculino , Humanos , Hiperplasia Prostática/diagnóstico , Hiperplasia Prostática/patologia , Neoplasias da Próstata/diagnóstico , Neoplasias da Próstata/metabolismo , Próstata/patologia , Vesículas Extracelulares/metabolismo , Prognóstico , Biomarcadores Tumorais/metabolismo
17.
Med Oncol ; 41(2): 44, 2024 Jan 03.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38170382

RESUMO

Prostate cancer (PCa) is one of the most common malignant tumors that exhibit both chemoresistance and recurrence. SUV39H2 is highly expressed in many types of human tumors, but its role in the development and progression of PCa has never been clarified. The aim of this study is to elucidate the role of SUV39H2 in the development and progression of PCa, its association with the AKT/FOXO signaling pathway, and its potential implications for PCa diagnosis and treatment. SUV39H2 expression was analyzed in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and genotype tissue expression pan-cancer data. The TCGA database was evaluated for SUV39H2 enrichment and its correlation to immune cell infiltration. SUV39H2 levels in PCa tissues and control tissues were determined in 30 patients using qPCR and IHC. Clinical relevance was assessed via The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). In vitro assessments including colony formation assays, Western Blot analysis, CCK-8 assays, and flow cytometry were utilized to establish SUV39H2's contribution to PCa cell growth. The influence of SUV39H2 on PC3 and DU145 cell proliferation was assessed through a cell line-derived xenograft model. Sphere formation assays and qPCR were employed to delineate SUV39H2's role in PCa stemness and chemosensitivity. In vitro macrophage polarization assays provided insights into SUV39H2's association with M2 macrophages, while enrichment analysis shed light on its role in FOXO signaling. PCa tissues expressed higher levels of SUV39H2 than normal tissues. By knocking down SUV39H2, PCa cells were made more chemosensitive to docetaxel and cell proliferation and stemness were inhibited. Additionally, SUV39H2 knockdown significantly inhibited in vivo PCa cell growth and inhibited the polarization of macrophages. Furthermore, SUV39H2 was found to regulate AKT/FOXO signaling by increasing Akt and FOXO3a phosphorylation. Our findings highlight SUV39H2's role in PCa cell apoptosis and chemosensitivity mainly by regulating the AKT/FOXO signaling pathway and suggest that SUV39H2 could be a potential target for PCa diagnosis and treatment.


Assuntos
Neoplasias da Próstata , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas c-akt , Masculino , Humanos , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas c-akt/metabolismo , Transdução de Sinais/fisiologia , Neoplasias da Próstata/tratamento farmacológico , Neoplasias da Próstata/genética , Neoplasias da Próstata/metabolismo , Apoptose , Histona Metiltransferases/metabolismo , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Proliferação de Células , Histona-Lisina N-Metiltransferase/metabolismo
18.
Commun Biol ; 7(1): 108, 2024 01 18.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38238517

RESUMO

Treatment-induced neuroendocrine prostate cancer (t-NEPC) is a lethal subtype of castration-resistant prostate cancer resistant to androgen receptor (AR) inhibitors. Our study unveils that AR suppresses the neuronal development protein dihydropyrimidinase-related protein 5 (DPYSL5), providing a mechanism for neuroendocrine transformation under androgen deprivation therapy. Our unique CRPC-NEPC cohort, comprising 135 patient tumor samples, including 55 t-NEPC patient samples, exhibits a high expression of DPYSL5 in t-NEPC patient tumors. DPYSL5 correlates with neuroendocrine-related markers and inversely with AR and PSA. DPYSL5 overexpression in prostate cancer cells induces a neuron-like phenotype, enhances invasion, proliferation, and upregulates stemness and neuroendocrine-related markers. Mechanistically, DPYSL5 promotes prostate cancer cell plasticity via EZH2-mediated PRC2 activation. Depletion of DPYSL5 decreases proliferation, induces G1 phase cell cycle arrest, reverses neuroendocrine phenotype, and upregulates luminal genes. In conclusion, DPYSL5 plays a critical role in regulating prostate cancer cell plasticity, and we propose the AR/DPYSL5/EZH2/PRC2 axis as a driver of t-NEPC progression.


Assuntos
Neoplasias da Próstata , Masculino , Humanos , Neoplasias da Próstata/tratamento farmacológico , Neoplasias da Próstata/genética , Neoplasias da Próstata/metabolismo , Antagonistas de Androgênios , Próstata/patologia , Hidrolases , Proteínas Associadas aos Microtúbulos , Proteína Potenciadora do Homólogo 2 de Zeste/genética
19.
Mol Pharm ; 21(2): 822-830, 2024 Feb 05.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38173242

RESUMO

Titanium-45 (45Ti) is a radionuclide with excellent physical characteristics for use in positron emission tomography (PET) imaging, including a moderate half-life (3.08 h), decay by positron emission (85%), and a low mean positron energy of 0.439 MeV. However, challenges associated with titanium chemistry have led to the underdevelopment of this radionuclide for incorporation into radiopharmaceuticals. Expanding on our recent studies, which showed promising results for the complexation of 45Ti with the tris hydroxypyridinone (THPMe) chelator, the current work aimed to optimize the chemistry and imaging attributes of [45Ti]Ti-THP-PSMA as a new PET radiopharmaceutical. Methods. Radiolabeling of THP-PSMA was optimized with [45Ti]Ti-citrate at varying pHs and masses of the precursor. The stability of the radiolabeled complex was assessed in mouse serum for up to 6 h. The affinity of [45Ti]Ti-THP-PSMA for prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) was assessed using LNCaP (PSMA +) and PC3 (PSMA -) cell lines. In vivo imaging and biodistribution analysis were performed in tumor-bearing xenograft mouse models to confirm the specificity of the tumor uptake. Results. > 95% of radiolabeling was achieved with a high specific activity of 5.6 MBq/nmol under mild conditions. In vitro cell binding studies showed significant binding of the radiolabeled complex with the PSMA-expressing LNCaP cell line (11.9 ± 1.5%/mg protein-bound activity) compared to that with the nonexpressing PC3 cells (1.9 ± 0.4%/mg protein-bound activity). In vivo imaging and biodistribution studies confirmed specific uptake in LNCaP tumors (1.6 ± 0.27% ID/g) compared to that in PC3 tumors (0.39 ± 0.2% ID/g). Conclusion. This study showed a simple one-step radiolabeling method for 45Ti with THP-PSMA under mild conditions (pH 8 and 37 °C). In vitro cell studies showed promise, but in vivo tumor xenograft studies indicated low tumor uptake. Overall, this study shows the need for more chelators for 45Ti for the development of a PET radiopharmaceutical for cancer imaging.


Assuntos
Tomografia por Emissão de Pósitrons combinada à Tomografia Computadorizada , Neoplasias da Próstata , Masculino , Humanos , Animais , Camundongos , Tomografia por Emissão de Pósitrons combinada à Tomografia Computadorizada/métodos , Compostos Radiofarmacêuticos , Neoplasias da Próstata/metabolismo , Radioquímica , Distribuição Tecidual , Titânio , Glutamato Carboxipeptidase II/metabolismo , Antígenos de Superfície/metabolismo , Tomografia por Emissão de Pósitrons , Radioisótopos , Quelantes , Linhagem Celular Tumoral
20.
Biochem Biophys Res Commun ; 698: 149543, 2024 Feb 26.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38266312

RESUMO

ANP32B is a histone chaperone that interacts with various transcription factors that regulate cancer cell proliferation, immigration, and apoptosis. c-Myc, a well-known oncogenic protein, is a principal player in the initiation and progression of prostate cancer (PC). The means by which ANP32B and c-Myc act remain unknown. We downloaded clinical data from the GEO, TCGA, and other databases to explore ANP32B expression and its effects on the survival of PC and normal tissues. ANP32B-knockdown cell lines were used to evaluate how ANP32B affected cell proliferation in vitro and in vivo. Gene set enrichment analysis and RNAseq were employed to define how ANP32B regulated PC pathways. Immunohistochemical measures were used to detect the expression levels of relevant proteins in xenografts and PC tissues. ANP32B expression increased in PC tissues; ANP32B knockdown inhibited cell growth but this was rescued by c-Myc signaling. ANP32B is thus a PC oncogene and may serve as a valuable therapeutic target when seeking to treat PC.


Assuntos
Proteínas Nucleares , Neoplasias da Próstata , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas c-myc , Humanos , Masculino , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Proliferação de Células , Proteínas Nucleares/genética , Proteínas Nucleares/metabolismo , Próstata/metabolismo , Neoplasias da Próstata/genética , Neoplasias da Próstata/metabolismo , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas c-myc/genética , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas c-myc/metabolismo , Transdução de Sinais , Animais
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