Fate and transport modelling for evaluating antibiotic resistance in aquatic environments: Current knowledge and research priorities.

Antibiotics have revolutionised medicine in the last century and enabled the prevention of bacterial infections that were previously deemed untreatable. However, in parallel, bacteria have increasingly developed resistance to antibiotics through various mechanisms. When resistant bacteria find their way into terrestrial and aquatic environments, animal and human exposures increase, e.g., via polluted soil, food, and water, and health risks multiply. Understanding the fate and transport of antibiotic resistant bacteria (ARB) and the transfer mechanisms of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in aquatic environments is critical for evaluating and mitigating the risks of resistant-induced infections. The conceptual understanding of sources and pathways of antibiotics, ARB, and ARGs from society to the water environments is essential for setting the scene and developing an appropriate framework for modelling. Various factors and processes associated with hydrology, ecology, and climate change can significantly affect the fate and transport of ARB and ARGs in natural environments. This article reviews current knowledge, research gaps, and priorities for developing water quality models to assess the fate and transport of ARB and ARGs. The paper also provides inputs on future research needs, especially the need for new predictive models to guide risk assessment on AR transmission and spread in aquatic environments.

Data-driven analysis on the performance evaluation of national R&D projects in Korea.

Research and development (R&D) is a crucial competency in both developing and developed countries. As a result, evaluating the performance of R&D programs has become a significant research topic for academic and governmental researchers. This study aims to investigate the impact of various factors, such as the characteristics of national R&D projects, research stages, technology types, and management institutions, on their performance. Specifically, we focus on identifying key factors that influence the efficiency of national R&D investments in South Korea. To achieve this, we compiled a dataset of 98,224 government-funded R&D projects conducted between 2016 and 2019. The dataset includes information on project characteristics (research stage, technology types, and management institutions) as well as outcomes (patent applications, patent registrations, publications, royalties, and sales). Through factorial Kruskal-Wallis tests, we found that the research stage and technology type significantly affected the project outcomes, while the research stage did not significantly influence royalty and sales amounts. Additionally, our analysis of South Korean research management institutions revealed variations in their overall performance, suggesting differences in management capabilities among institutions. Based on these findings, we provide insights into setting appropriate research goals for each project, considering their unique characteristics. Finally, we discuss the implications and limitations of this study.

A thematic study of creativity research in Spain within the social sciences and psychology / Un estudio temático de la investigación en creatividad en España en las ciencias sociales y psicología

La creatividad se está convirtiendo en una habilidad necesaria en un mundo donde los robots superan cada vez más a las personas en las rutinas diarias. Para desarrollar eficientemente el campo de investigación de la creatividad, los académicos necesitan saber dónde están. Este artículo utiliza un enfoque bibliométrico para estudiar temas y características de la investigación en creatividad en España. Los resultados indican que la producción ha ido creciendo durante las últimas décadas. En comparación con la psicología, la creatividad en las ciencias sociales parece ser un área poco citada, local y endogámica. Para las ciencias sociales, los temas motores en la última década fueron a) la creatividad en niños y estudiantes en un entorno educativo, b) la innovación y creación de conocimiento en un entorno laboral, y c) las ciudades creativas. Los temas motores en psicología han sido a) las características individuales para generar conocimientos (por ejemplo, habilidades, improvisación, funciones ejecutivas) y b) la inteligencia emocional. Sugerimos algunos temas para futuras investigaciones, como la colaboración creativa en un entorno virtual, la co-creación de valor, y cómo las máquinas pueden ayudar a los humanos a impulsar su creatividad.(AU)

Creativity is becoming one necessary human skill in a world where robots increasingly outperform people in daily routines. In order to efficiently develop creativity as a research field, scholars need to know where they are.We employed a bibliometric approach to study themes and characteristics of creativity research in Spain.The results indicated that publication production in the field has been growing during the last dec-ades. Compared to psychology, creativity in the social sciences seemed to be an undercited, local,and endogamic area. For social sciences, motor themes in the last decade were a) creativity in children and students in the educational environment, b) innovation and knowledge creation in a work-ing environment, and c) cities and creativity. The motor themes in psy-chology were a) individual characteristics for generating insights (e.g., skills, improvisation, executive functions) and b) emotional intelligence. We sug-gest some themes for future research, such as creative collaboration in vir-tual environments, value co-creation, and how machines can help humans boost their creativity.(AU)

Editorial : Swiss TPH: 30 Years of R&D Towards New Drugs for Tropical Diseases.

The year 2023 marks the 80th anniversary of the Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute (Swiss TPH). Associated with the University of Basel, Swiss TPH combines research, education and services, working across a value chain from innovation and validation to application to improve people's health and well-being. Around 700 staff and students work in Swiss TPH's new headquarters in an emerging life-science cluster in Allschwil, Switzerland, focusing on infectious and non-communicable diseases, environment, society and health as well as health systems and interventions. In this special issue of Chimia, we highlight 30 years of research and development (R&D) at Swiss TPH, deeply grounded in partnership, towards new drugs for tropical diseases.

A nomogram for the prediction of survival for colorectal signet ring cell carcinoma after surgery: A population-based study.

The aim was to construct and verify a nomogram-based assessment of cancer-specific survival (CSS) in patients with colorectal signet ring cell carcinoma after surgery. Patients were collected from Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results program between 2004 and 2015. Independent prognostic indicators were determined in the training cohort by Cox regression model. We identified 2217 eligible patients, who were further categorized into the training set (n = 1693) as well as the validation set (n = 524). Multivariate analysis revealed that age at diagnosis, gender, grade, tumor size, T stage, N stage, and M stage were independent predictive indicators. Then, the above 7 predictive factors were incorporated into a nomogram model to assess CSS, which showed good calibration and discrimination capacities in both sets. Both internal and external calibration plot diagrams revealed that the actual results were consistent with the predicted outcomes. The time-independent area under the curves for 3-year and 5-year CSS in the nomogram were larger than American Joint Committee on Cancer and Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results summary stage system. Moreover, decision curve analysis indicated the clinical utility of the nomogram. The nomogram demonstrated favorable predictive accuracy of survival in colorectal signet ring cell carcinoma patients after surgery, which should be further confirmed before clinical implementation.

Research priorities for the primordial prevention of acute rheumatic fever and rheumatic heart disease by modifying the social determinants of health.

The social determinants of health (SDH), such as access to income, education, housing and healthcare, strongly shape the occurrence of acute rheumatic fever (ARF) and rheumatic heart disease (RHD) at the household, community and national levels. The SDH are systemic factors that privilege some more than others and result in poverty and inequitable access to resources to support health and well-being. Primordial prevention is the modification of SDH to improve health and reduce the risk of disease acquisition and the subsequent progression to RHD. Modifying these determinants using primordial prevention strategies can reduce the risk of exposure to Group A Streptococcus, a causative agent of throat and skin infections, thereby lowering the risk of initiating ARF and its subsequent progression to RHD.This report summarises the findings of the Primordial Prevention Working Group-SDH, which was convened in November 2021 by the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute to assess how SDH influence the risk of developing RHD. Working group members identified a series of knowledge gaps and proposed research priorities, while recognising that community engagement and partnerships with those with lived experience will be integral to the success of these activities. Specifically, members emphasised the need for: (1) global analysis of disease incidence, prevalence and SDH characteristics concurrently to inform policy and interventions, (2) global assessment of legacy primordial prevention programmes to help inform the co-design of interventions alongside affected communities, (3) research to develop, implement and evaluate scalable primordial prevention interventions in diverse settings and (4) research to improve access to and equity of services across the RHD continuum. Addressing SDH, through the implementation of primordial prevention strategies, could have broader implications, not only improving RHD-related health outcomes but also impacting other neglected diseases in low-resource settings.

Research Priorities for Pediatric Emergency Care to Address Disparities by Race, Ethnicity, and Language.

Importance: Health care disparities are well-documented among children based on race, ethnicity, and language for care. An agenda that outlines research priorities for disparities in pediatric emergency care (PEC) is lacking. Objective: To investigate research priorities for disparities in PEC among medical personnel, researchers, and health care-affiliated community organizations. Design, Setting, and Participants: In this survey study, a modified Delphi approach was used to investigate research priorities for disparities in PEC. An initial list of research priorities was developed by a group of experienced PEC investigators in 2021. Partners iteratively assessed the list through 2 rounds of electronic surveys using Likert-type responses in late 2021 and early 2022. Priorities were defined as achieving consensus if they received a score of highest priority or priority by at least 60% of respondents. Asynchronous engagement of participants via online web-conferencing platforms and email correspondence with electronic survey administration was used. Partners were individuals and groups involved in PEC. Participants represented interest groups, research and medical personnel organizations, health care partners, and laypersons with roles in community and family hospital advisory councils. Participants were largely from the US, with input from international PEC research networks. Outcome: Consensus agenda of research priorities to identify and address health care disparities in PEC. Results: PEC investigators generated an initial list of 27 potential priorities. Surveys were completed by 38 of 47 partners (80.6%) and 30 of 38 partners (81.1%) in rounds 1 and 2, respectively. Among 30 respondents who completed both rounds, there were 7 family or community partners and 23 medical or research partners, including 4 international PEC research networks. A total of 12 research priorities achieved the predetermined consensus threshold: (1) systematic efforts to reduce disparities; (2) race, ethnicity, and language data collection and reporting; (3) recognizing and mitigating clinician implicit bias; (4) mental health disparities; (5) social determinants of health; (6) language and literacy; (7) acute pain-management disparities; (8) quality of care equity metrics; (9) shared decision-making; (10) patient experience; (11) triage and acuity score assignment; and (12) inclusive research participation. Conclusions and Relevance: These results suggest a research priority agenda that may be used as a guide for investigators, research networks, organizations, and funding agencies to engage in and support high-priority disparities research topics in PEC.

Sustainable research.

Research, like any other sector, has an effect on climate and is exposed for waste both societal and economic. There is evidence for possible improvements when keeping focus on study design, patient inclusion, transport, and reporting. However, there is a need for further national and international research. Sustainability is incorporated as a quality domaine in the United Kingdom and we will probably see the same development in Denmark, as argued in this review.

Emerging trends and research priorities in premature ovarian insufficiency genes: a bibliometric and visualization study.

PURPOSE: To illustrate the results achieved by genes in premature ovarian insufficiency (POI) and collaborations in the field, and to explore key themes and future directions. METHODS: Articles and reviews related to POI genes published between 1990 and 2022 were retrieved from the Web of Science core collection (WoSCC) for the total bibliometric analysis. Tools were analyzed for publication, country, institution, journal, authors, reference, keywords, subject categories, funding agencies, and research hotspots using a bibliometric online analysis platform, Bibliographic Co-occurrence Matrix Builder (BICOMB), CiteSpace V, and VOSviewer. RESULTS: A total of 2,232 papers were included in this study. Articles were published in 52 countries, with the United States publishing the most, followed by China. A total of 308 institutions contributed to relevant publications. Shandong University published the most papers. Qin Y's team published the most relevant papers. Human reproduction and fertility and sterility are the two journals with the most papers. X-chromosome abnormalities, transcription factor mutations, and FMR1 genes are the directions of more POI, and DNA repair is the keyword of the research frontier in recent years. CONCLUSIONS: This study summarizes the relevant literature on POI gene research for the first time and analyzes the current hotspots and future trends in this field. The findings can further reveal the etiology, diagnosis, and treatment of POI, which is beneficial for researchers to grasp the genetic dynamics of POI women.

Setting research priorities for prevention and response to child marriage in communities in the Arab region: findings from a multi-stage Delphi study involving practitioners across the region.

Globally, more than 12 million girls under the age of 18 are forced to marry every year. Progress on ending child marriage in the Arab region is slowing, and risks being reversed, due to an increase in conflict-affected populations and widespread economic crisis. The aim of this paper is to consider the research priorities across the region to inform effective and accelerated child marriage prevention and response programming within the Arab region. Seventy-three specialists supporting child marriage prevention and response programming in the Arab region engaged with up to three phases of an online Delphi consultation process on research gaps and the research environment between July 2019 and December 2021. Proposals of research gaps were elicited, reviewed, and rated by participants to confirm a shared learning agenda. Participants identified 50 different research gaps across 7 main areas, reaching a high level of consensus support for 23 of 50 statements. Clear consensus was reached in relation to an increased need to produce and use evidence to support programme development, and further research on specific drivers and consequences of child marriage. The least consensus was found in relation to how research can inform prevention and response efforts within the law and legal system. The results provide the foundation of a child marriage research agenda for the Arab region which takes into account regional distinctiveness and builds on the global momentum for child marriage research. Mechanisms are in place to do this through the Regional Action Forum, and other networks across the region.

A modern approach with follower-leading clustering algorithm for visualizing author collaborations and article themes in skin cancer research: A bibliometric analysis.

BACKGROUND: Skin cancers (SCs) arise due to the proliferation of atypical cells that have the potential to infiltrate or metastasize to different areas of the body. There is a lack of understanding regarding the country-based collaborations among authors (CBCA) and article themes on SCs. A clustering algorithm capable of categorizing CBCA and article themes on skin cancer is required. This study aimed to apply a follower-leading clustering algorithm to classify CBCA and article themes and present articles that deserve reading in recent ten years. METHODS: Between 2013 and 2022, a total of 6526 articles focusing on SC were extracted from the Web of Science core collection. The descriptive, diagnostic, predictive, and prescriptive analytics model was employed to visualize the study results. Various visualizations, including 4-quadrant radar plots, line charts, scatter plots, network charts, chord diagrams, and impact beam plots, were utilized. The category, journal, authorship, and L-index score were employed to assess individual research achievements. Diagnostic analytics were used to cluster the CBCA and identify common article themes. Keyword weights were utilized to predict article citations, and noteworthy articles were highlighted in prescriptive analytics based on the 100 most highly cited articles on SC (T100SC). RESULTS: The primary entities contributing to SC research include the United States, the University of California, San Francisco in US, dermatology department, and the author Andreas Stang from Germany, who possess higher category, journal, authorship, and L-index scores. The Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology has published the highest number of articles (n = 336, accounting for 5.16% of the total). From the T100SC, 7 distinct themes were identified, with melanoma being the predominant theme (92% representation). A strong correlation was observed between the number of article citations and the keyword weights (F = 81.63; P < .0001). Two articles with the highest citation counts were recommended for reading. CONCLUSION: By applying the descriptive, diagnostic, predictive, and prescriptive analytics model, 2 noteworthy articles were identified and highlighted on an impact beam plot. These articles are considered deserving of attention and could potentially inspire further research in the field of bibliometrics, focusing on relevant topics related to melanoma.

Publication trends in nutrition research for sarcopenic obesity: A 20-year bibliometric analysis.

BACKGROUND: We used bibliometric methods to evaluate publications on the role of nutrition in sarcopenic obesity and analyzed the current situation and developmental trends over the past 2 decades. METHODS: Publications from 2002 to 2022 related to the role of nutrition in sarcopenic obesity were extracted from the Web of Science Core Collection database. CiteSpace, VOSviewer, and the Bibliometrix R package were applied to build relevant network diagrams. RESULTS: One thousand ninety-four articles from 64 countries were included. The annual number of publications in this field has shown an intense growth trend. The University of Alberta, Yonsei University, and Korea University are the major research institutions. Clinical Nutrition has published the most papers on the role of nutrition in sarcopenic obesity, and the American Journal of Clinical Nutrition is the most co-cited journal. A total of 5834 authors conducted the relevant studies. Yves Boirie has published the most papers in this field, and AJ Cruz-Jentoft is the most co-cited author. CONCLUSION: This is the first bibliometric study of the role of nutrition in sarcopenic obesity. This study systematically summarizes the research hotspots and development directions in this field, and provides a reference for scholars studying the role of nutrition in sarcopenic obesity.