RESUMO
Photography plays an important role in science communication. This study investigates the photographic portraits of scientists in the news media in China from 1949 to 2022. The data consist of 1,071 photographs published in People's Daily, the most influential newspaper in China. The photographs are analysed according to a framework based on previous studies on the visual representation of scientists. Analysis shows an overall image of scientists that demonstrates distinctive 'Chinese' features, such as the prominence of group photos and governmental honours. Diachronically, the visual image of scientists evolved from the early farmer scientists acclaimed in midst of political struggle to social elites and stars celebrated as China's hope for indigenous innovation. The study enriches our understanding of the visual representation of scientists in China, and sheds light on the influence of culture, politics and social positioning of science and technology on the image of scientists created by the media.
Assuntos
Fotografação , Ciência , China , História do Século XX , Meios de Comunicação de Massa , História do Século XXI , Retratos como Assunto , Política , PesquisadoresAssuntos
Poluição do Ar em Ambientes Fechados , Automóveis , Retardadores de Chama , Emissões de Veículos , Retratos como Assunto , Emissões de Veículos/análise , Poluição do Ar/estatística & dados numéricos , Automóveis/legislação & jurisprudência , Automóveis/normas , Automóveis/estatística & dados numéricos , Poluição do Ar em Ambientes Fechados/legislação & jurisprudência , Poluição do Ar em Ambientes Fechados/estatística & dados numéricos , Indicadores Básicos de Saúde , Análise Custo-Benefício , Política Ambiental , Humanos , United States Government Agencies , Política de SaúdeRESUMO
Primatologist who brought animals and humans "a little closer".
Assuntos
Antropologia , Primatas , Retratos como Assunto , Animais , Humanos , História do Século XX , História do Século XXI , Antropologia/históriaRESUMO
Professor Rajeev K. Varshney's transformative impact on crop genomics, genetics, and agriculture is the result of his passion, dedication, and unyielding commitment to harnessing the potential of genomics to address the most pressing challenges faced by the global agricultural community. Starting from a small town in India and reaching the global stage, Professor Varshney's academic and professional trajectory has inspired many scientists active in research today. His ground-breaking work, especially his effort to list orphan tropical crops to genomic resource-rich entities, has been transformative. Beyond his scientific achievements, Professor Varshney is recognized by his colleagues as an exemplary mentor, fostering the growth of future researchers, building institutional capacity, and strengthening scientific capability. His focus on translational genomics and strengthening seed system in developing countries for the improvement of agriculture has made a tangible impact on farmers' lives. His skills have been best utilized in roles at leading research centres where he has applied his expertise to deliver a new vision for crop improvement. These efforts have now been recognized by the Royal Society with the award of the Fellowship (FRS). As we mark this significant milestone in his career, we not only celebrate Professor Varshney's accomplishments but also his wider contributions that continue to transform the agricultural landscape.
Assuntos
Produtos Agrícolas , Genômica , Retratos como Assunto , Agricultura/história , Produtos Agrícolas/genética , Genômica/história , História do Século XX , História do Século XXI , Retratos como Assunto , Sociedades Científicas/organização & administraçãoRESUMO
This Arts and Medicine feature reviews the history of pellagra and recounts the role of artist and illustrator John Carroll who, in 1919, painted portraits of people with the vitamin deficiency to document in color the appearance of pellagra skin plaques.
Assuntos
Medicina nas Artes , Pinturas , Pelagra , Humanos , Pelagra/complicações , Pelagra/diagnóstico , Pelagra/história , Medicina nas Artes/história , Retratos como Assunto/história , História do Século XX , Pinturas/históriaRESUMO
Professor George Smelser was a scientist who played a crucial role in advancing the understanding of the anatomical and physiological changes within the cornea during contact lens wear. In a series of unique experiments conducted in the early 1950s, using both humans and animal models, his research team provided the first conclusive evidence that contact lenses impaired the delivery of atmospheric oxygen to the cornea, resulting in an excess of lactate within the cornea and a subsequent ingress of water, leading to corneal oedema and disturbed vision (Sattler's veil). This historical note reviews the career of George Smelser, with particular emphasis on his contributions to understanding the importance of atmospheric oxygen in maintaining corneal homeostasis.
Assuntos
Lentes de Contato , Córnea , Oxigênio , Retratos como Assunto , Humanos , Masculino , Lentes de Contato/história , História do Século XX , Oxigênio/metabolismoRESUMO
We report posing biases in portraits of people that do not exist. Studies of painted or photographed portraiture have often reported such biases. However, whether these truly exist or are mere sampling artifacts remains open to question. A novel approach to such a question is provided by contemporary applications generating photo-realistic virtual portraits. Such applications are exposed to large datasets of portraits of real people. A neural network then maps the variation of the original input set to a huge-dimensional generative model capturing the variation in the original data, which is then used to synthesize the virtual portraits. We reasoned that, if posing biases exist in the original input, they should also be observable in the network output, and they did. This finding provides novel support for the reality of posing biases in portraiture-and helps us better understand what generative networks actually do.