RESUMO
Sacha inchi (Plukenetia volubilis L.), native to the Amazon rainforest, is widely known for its oil-rich seeds. Its by-products, particularly the press cake, husks, and shells left after oil extraction, have significant nutritional and functional potential. These by-products contain high levels of proteins, dietary fiber, and bioactive compounds that can be repurposed to develop functional foods, nutraceuticals, and dietary supplements. This review article provides a detailed overview of the composition of sacha inchi by-products, recent findings on optimizing extraction processes for proteins, bioactive peptides, and antioxidant compounds, and product innovations using sacha inchi residues. It highlights the health benefits of consuming these products, such as functional bakery items and plant-based beverages with high sensory acceptance, protein hydrolysates with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, beneficial effects on gut microbiota, and oligosaccharides with prebiotic properties, positioning sacha inchi by-products as key ingredients for developing plant-based nutraceutical and functional products. Additionally, the article emphasizes the potential of these by-products to contribute to a circular economy, reduce waste, and align with global efforts to achieve Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) related to health, sustainable production, and environmental impact.
Assuntos
Antioxidantes , Alimento Funcional , Antioxidantes/análise , Humanos , Sementes/química , Suplementos Nutricionais , Fibras na Dieta/análise , Desenvolvimento Sustentável , Malvaceae/químicaRESUMO
PURPOSE: A vegan diet is associated with health benefits but may also lead to inadequate intake of essential nutrients. Due to the lower selenium content in plant-based compared to animal-based foods, many vegans do not reach the recommended selenium intake in Europe. The only plant-based food with high selenium content is the Brazil nut, even though there is also a high variability. Therefore, we investigated the effectiveness of Brazil nut butter compared to a dietary supplement as selenium source to improve the selenium status of vegans and omnivores. METHODS: 44 vegans and 42 omnivores were randomly assigned to one of three intervention groups, either receiving placebo or consuming additional 55 µg of selenium daily as Brazil nut butter or supplement for two weeks. Serum selenium concentrations, glutathione peroxidase 3 (GPX3), and selenoprotein P (SELENOP) were measured at baseline and after intervention. Additionally, dietary selenium intake was estimated using a five-day dietary protocol. RESULTS: The estimated selenium intake was significantly lower in vegans compared to omnivores and correlated with all three selenium biomarkers. Independent of the dietary pattern (vegan or omnivore), Brazil nut butter as well as supplement significantly increased serum selenium and SELENOP concentrations, while there were no changes in the placebo groups. Both interventions were equally effective in increasing selenium levels, but the upregulation of SELENOP was more pronounced in vegans than in omnivores. CONCLUSION: Brazil nuts are a plant-based source of selenium suitable for vegans and omnivores to improve their selenium status when consumed once in a while. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER AND DATE OF REGISTRATION: Clinical trials registration number: NCT05814874, April 18 2023.
Assuntos
Bertholletia , Suplementos Nutricionais , Selênio , Humanos , Selênio/sangue , Selênio/administração & dosagem , Bertholletia/química , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto , Veganos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Dieta Vegana/estatística & dados numéricos , Adulto Jovem , Nozes , Biomarcadores/sangue , Dieta/métodos , Dieta/estatística & dados numéricosRESUMO
The aim of the present study was to describe the use of tapering, carbohydrate (CHO) supercompensation, and supplementation strategies self-reported by athletes in the Olympic triathlon category. A total of 72 triathletes (61 males and 11 females) answered an online questionnaire about their training and performance, supercompensation strategies, carbohydrate supplementation, and use of supplements and other ergogenic substances. The information was summarized and subjected to descriptive analysis. Shapiro-Wilk test was applied to check data normality. The t-test was used to investigate differences in the analyzed variables between sexes. Almost all triathletes reported to have performed tapering (93.05%) and approximately half of them adopted a CHO supercompensation strategy (48.61%); updated CHO supercompensation was the most used strategy (27.77%). Most participants (86.11%) used CHO supplementation during competitions, but in amounts below the 60 g/h recommended for most athletes (96.77%). Thus, since few triathletes performed supercompensation, in addition to the insufficient amount of supplemented carbohydrate taken by them, it could be concluded that triathletes were not sufficiently aware of nutritional recommendations or did not adopt them.
Assuntos
Atletas , Ciclismo , Carboidratos da Dieta , Suplementos Nutricionais , Autorrelato , Natação , Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Carboidratos da Dieta/administração & dosagem , Adulto , Ciclismo/fisiologia , Natação/fisiologia , Corrida/fisiologia , Desempenho Atlético/fisiologia , Inquéritos e Questionários , Adulto Jovem , Pessoa de Meia-IdadeRESUMO
Obesity, a global epidemic, is linked to adverse reproductive outcomes, including infertility and ovulation dysfunction. The cafeteria diet (CAF) serves as an animal model mirroring Western diet habit. Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10), known for enhancing reproductive outcomes in various pathologies, is not fully understood for its effects on obesity treatment. Here, obesity was modeled using CAF-fed rats to assess CoQ10's impact on metabolic and ovarian disruptions caused by obesity. Wistar rats were divided into control (standard diet) and obese (CAF diet) groups. After 75 days, half of each group received oral CoQ10 (5 mg/kg) for 13 days, while the rest received a vehicle. Animals were euthanized during the estrus phase, and blood and ovaries were collected for analysis. CAF caused increased body weight gain (p < 0.01) associated with hyperglycemia, hypertriglyceridemia, and hypercholesterolemia (p < 0.05). Moreover, it caused a reduction in the number of AMH + follicles (p < 0.001), increasing follicular atresia (p < 0.05) and serum estradiol levels (p < 0.05). Obesity also altered the estrous cycle and reduced the ovulation rate (p < 0.05). CoQ10 administration showed beneficial effects on all ovarian disruptions but had no effect on the metabolic alterations induced by obesity. In summary, CoQ10 could be an additional treatment for obesity-related infertility in patients with normal metabolic profiles. While CoQ10 does not affect metabolic parameters influenced by obesity, crucial for reproductive issues and offspring health, it is recommended as part of a treatment plan that includes a balanced diet and increased physical activity for obese individuals with metabolic alterations seeking pregnancy.
Assuntos
Suplementos Nutricionais , Obesidade , Ratos Wistar , Reprodução , Ubiquinona , Animais , Ubiquinona/análogos & derivados , Ubiquinona/farmacologia , Ubiquinona/uso terapêutico , Feminino , Obesidade/tratamento farmacológico , Obesidade/metabolismo , Ratos , Reprodução/efeitos dos fármacos , Ovário/efeitos dos fármacos , Ovário/metabolismoRESUMO
During the harvest of Ilex paraguariensis, approximately 2-5 tons per hectare of thick stems are left on the soil surface. The outer portion of these stems, referred to as the coproduct, constitutes 30% of the total residue mass. Although this coproduct has been partially characterized in terms of its phytochemical profile, its technological applications remain unexplored. The objective of this research is to evaluate whether broilers fed with feed incorporating I. paraguariensis harvest prunings will exhibit improved zootechnical performance as well as enhanced biochemical and impacts on meat quality. One-day-old Cobb 500 broilers (n = 300) were raised for 42 days in the broiler shed at the experimental farm in housed in 2.0 m2 pens with a 10 cm layer of poultry litter and equipped with tubular feeders and nipple drinkers. They were arranged in a completely randomized design, comprising four treatments with five replicates of 15 birds each. The treatments consisted of the following diets: a basal diet (0%; the control), feed with 1% coproduct (1% treatment), feed with 2% coproduct (2% treatment), and feed with 3% coproduct (3% treatment). Broilers were assessed for zootechnical performance, intestinal morphometry, and serum biochemical properties. Additionally, meat quality was evaluated, including centesimal composition, chlorogenic acid content, antioxidant activity, metal concentration, and fatty acid profile. Chlorogenic acid was not detected in the meat of broiler chickens. The inclusion of the coproduct impacted both zootechnical performance and meat quality, with a linear effect proportional to the concentration of the additive used in the diet; that is, the worst performance was seen in chickens that consumed 3% of the co-product. It reduced feed consumption and weight gain, lowered cholesterol and triglyceride levels in broiler blood, but increased polyunsaturated fatty acids in the meat, one effect verified for the two largest inclusions (2 and 3% of the co-product). In the intestine, greater villus height and levels of reactive oxygen species were observed in the highest dose of the additive, a group of birds in which greater activity of the enzymes creatine kinase and pyruvate kinase was also observed. In general, none of the doses tested proved to be effective in enhancing productive performance; in addition, it did not increase the concentration of chlorogenic acid in the meat, which would be our hypothesis of having a nutraceutical food.
Assuntos
Ração Animal , Galinhas , Dieta , Ilex paraguariensis , Carne , Animais , Ilex paraguariensis/química , Galinhas/fisiologia , Galinhas/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Ração Animal/análise , Carne/análise , Dieta/veterinária , Fenômenos Fisiológicos da Nutrição Animal/efeitos dos fármacos , Masculino , Distribuição Aleatória , Suplementos Nutricionais/análiseRESUMO
Chlorella vulgaris has antioxidant, antimicrobial, and anti-inflammatory properties, as well as the probiotic that is important for keeping the intestinal microbiota balanced. The objective was to test the impact of supplementation with microalgae and/or probiotics on broiler chickens' performance, immunity, and intestinal microbiota. The experimental design was in randomized blocks in a 4x2 factorial scheme, with four levels of inclusion of C. vulgaris (0; 0.25; 0.50 and 1%) associated or not with a commercial probiotic with five replications of 26 chickens per experimental unit. The results showed that probiotics improved feed conversion. Probiotics increased the productivity index only at 0.25% C. vulgaris supplementation. There was a reduction in spleen weight at 42 days of age in chickens fed with probiotics, but the different treatments did not alter serum antibodies. Sampling age had a significant impact on richness addressed by the number of observed genera and diversity addressed by the Shannon index. The most abundant phylum in the chicken intestinal tract was Firmicutes followed by Bacteroidetes and Proteobacteria. Bifidobacterium spp. was found in animals receiving 1% microalgae and probiotics on day 42, suggesting that this genus has benefited from microalgae supplementation. It is concluded that the probiotic and C. vulgaris have the potential to improve performance without causing major changes in the immunity and cecal microbiota.
Assuntos
Ração Animal , Galinhas , Chlorella vulgaris , Suplementos Nutricionais , Microbioma Gastrointestinal , Probióticos , Animais , Probióticos/administração & dosagem , Probióticos/farmacologia , Galinhas/imunologia , Galinhas/microbiologia , Chlorella vulgaris/imunologia , Microbioma Gastrointestinal/efeitos dos fármacos , Baço/imunologia , Baço/efeitos dos fármacosRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of lycopene supplementation on inflammation, lung histopathology and systemic DNA damage in an experimentally induced lung injury model, ventilated by conventional mechanical ventilation and high-frequency oscillatory ventilation, compared with a control group. METHODS: Fifty-five rabbits sampled by convenience were supplemented with 10mg/kg lycopene for 21 days prior to the experiment. Lung injury was induced by tracheal infusion of warm saline. The rabbits were randomly assigned to the control group and subjected to protective conventional mechanical ventilation (n = 5) without supplementation or the experimental group that was subjected to acute lung injury and provided conventional mechanical ventilation and high-frequency oscillatory ventilation with and without lycopene supplementation (n = 10 rabbits in each group). Lung oxidative stress and the inflammatory response were assessed based on the number of polymorphonuclear leukocytes in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, DNA damage and pulmonary histological damage. RESULTS: A significant worsening of oxygenation and a decrease in static lung compliance was noted in all groups after pulmonary injury induction (partial pressure of oxygen before 451.86 ± 68.54 and after 71 ± 19.27, p < 0.05). After 4 hours, the high-frequency oscillatory ventilation groups with and without lycopene supplementation as well as the group receiving protective conventional mechanical ventilation with lycopene supplementation showed significant oxygenation improvement compared with the protective conventional mechanical ventilation group without supplementation (partial pressure of oxygen of the group with mechanical ventilation without lycopene of 102 ± 42, of the group that received conventional protective mechanical ventilation with lycopene supplementation of 362 ± 38, of the high-frequency group without lycopene supplementation of 420 ± 28 and of the high-frequency group with lycopene supplementation of 422 ± 25; p < 0.05). Compared with rabbits not receiving supplementation, those in the groups that received protective conventional mechanical ventilation with lycopene supplementation and high-frequency oscillatory ventilation with lycopene supplementation had significantly less inflammation as well as less histological injury (p < 0.05). Compared with rabbits subjected to protective conventional mechanical ventilation, significantly lower DNA damage was observed in rabbits supplemented with lycopene (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Lycopene supplementation reduces inflammatory and histopathological lung injuries, regardless of the associated ventilatory mode. In addition, lycopene improved oxygenation and reduced DNA damage when protective conventional mechanical ventilation was used.
Assuntos
Lesão Pulmonar Aguda , Carotenoides , Dano ao DNA , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Licopeno , Animais , Licopeno/farmacologia , Licopeno/administração & dosagem , Licopeno/uso terapêutico , Coelhos , Lesão Pulmonar Aguda/patologia , Lesão Pulmonar Aguda/tratamento farmacológico , Lesão Pulmonar Aguda/prevenção & controle , Dano ao DNA/efeitos dos fármacos , Carotenoides/farmacologia , Carotenoides/administração & dosagem , Carotenoides/uso terapêutico , Estresse Oxidativo/efeitos dos fármacos , Líquido da Lavagem Broncoalveolar/química , Antioxidantes/farmacologia , Antioxidantes/administração & dosagem , Respiração Artificial/efeitos adversos , Masculino , Suplementos Nutricionais , Pulmão/patologia , Pulmão/efeitos dos fármacos , Pulmão/metabolismo , Inflamação/patologia , Inflamação/tratamento farmacológicoRESUMO
PROBLEM: A high-fat diet (HFD) predisposes animals to glucose intolerance, dyslipidemia and testicular oxidative stress, and impairs sperm production in rats. Quercetin is a flavonoid with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and lipolytic actions and is a potential supplement to combat the oxidative stress caused by HFD and its harmful effects on reproduction. This study evaluated the effects of quercetin supplementation at doses of 10 and 20 mg/day on reproductive parameters and testicular oxidative stress in Wistar rats fed a diet rich in pork fat and fructose. METHOD OF STUDY: The rats received a basal diet or HFD for 2 months, after which the animals fed the HFD received daily supplementation of 0, 10, or 20 mg of quercetin for another 2 months. Oxidative stress, histological alterations, and the expression of oxidative, inflammatory, and apoptotic mediators in the testes were evaluated. RESULTS: Animals fed the HFD had a lower dietary intake and body, epididymis, and duct weights, regardless of the presence of quercetin. There were no changes in testicular weight, germinal epithelium diameter, sperm motility and morphology, or expression of testicular inflammatory genes (p > 0.05). There was a reduction in the oxidative stress index and oxidized glutathione in rats that received the HFD and 20 mg of quercetin compared with the HF group without quercetin. No difference was observed in the expression of BAX, BCL2, TNFα, caspase 3, or AR between the groups. CONCLUSION: Daily quercetin supplementation dose-dependently reduces testicular oxidative stress in Wistar rats fed a diet rich in pork fat and fructose.
Assuntos
Dieta Hiperlipídica , Suplementos Nutricionais , Estresse Oxidativo , Quercetina , Ratos Wistar , Testículo , Animais , Masculino , Estresse Oxidativo/efeitos dos fármacos , Quercetina/farmacologia , Testículo/efeitos dos fármacos , Testículo/metabolismo , Testículo/patologia , Dieta Hiperlipídica/efeitos adversos , Ratos , Antioxidantes , Apoptose/efeitos dos fármacos , Frutose/efeitos adversos , Motilidade dos Espermatozoides/efeitos dos fármacosRESUMO
This study was realized to evaluate the influence of monensin, virginiamycin,trace minerals and yeast combination on animal performance, feed efficiency, in situ digestibility, feeding behavior, and carcass and meat characteristics from bulls finished in feedlot fed high-grain diet. A total of 36 (European vs. Nellore) bulls at 24 ± 3.2 months of age and with a body weight (BW) of 385.5 ± 3.84 kg were used in a completely randomized design. The four experimental diets were: CONT - without additives; MONE - inclusion of 30 mg of monensin/kg of DM; MOVI - inclusion of 30 mg of monensin + 30 mg of virginiamycin/kg of DM; MOMY - inclusion of 30 mg of monensin/kg of DM + 0.3 g/kg of BW of trace minerals and yeast. Final body weight was higher (P < 0.05) for the bulls fed MOVI (558.7 kg) and MOMY (554.6 kg) diets, intermediate for bulls fed MONE (529.3 kg) diet, and lower for bulls fed CONT (514.6 kg) diet. Likewise, the average daily gain was higher (P < 0.01) for bulls fed MOVI and MOMY (2.02 kg/d), intermediate for bulls fed MONE (1.72 kg/d), diet and lower for bulls fed CONT (1.57 kg/d) diets. Dry matter intake and other nutrients were similar (P > 0.05) among treatments. However, feed conversion improved (P < 0.05) for bulls fed MOVI and MOMY diets. Animals fed MOVI and MOMY spent more time ruminating compared to animals fed CONT and MONE (P = 0.034) diets. The carcass weights, carcass dressing and backfat thickness were greater (P < 0.05) for the bulls fed MOVI and MOMY diets. In conclusion, the inclusion of monensin or a combination of monensin + virginiamycin or monensin + trace minerals and yeast resulted in higher animal performance and improved feed efficiency.
Assuntos
Ração Animal , Fenômenos Fisiológicos da Nutrição Animal , Dieta , Monensin , Virginiamicina , Animais , Monensin/administração & dosagem , Monensin/farmacologia , Masculino , Ração Animal/análise , Bovinos/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Dieta/veterinária , Virginiamicina/administração & dosagem , Virginiamicina/farmacologia , Fenômenos Fisiológicos da Nutrição Animal/efeitos dos fármacos , Oligoelementos/administração & dosagem , Oligoelementos/análise , Suplementos Nutricionais/análise , Distribuição Aleatória , Digestão/efeitos dos fármacos , Grão Comestível , Carne/análiseRESUMO
Pancreatic cancer is a devastating malignancy in great need of new and more effective treatment approaches. In recent years, studies have indicated that nutritional interventions, particularly nutraceuticals, may provide novel avenues to modulate cancer progression. Here, our study characterizes the impact of ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, eicosapentaenoic acid, and docosahexaenoic acid, as a nutraceutical intervention in pancreatic cancer using a genetically engineered mouse model driven by KrasG12D and Trp53R172H. This model closely resembles human pancreatic carcinogenesis, offering a disease relevant platform for translational research. Our findings showed that ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids intervention (using a diet supplemented with 6% cod liver oil) significantly reduced tumor volume as well as lung and liver metastasis and a trend toward improved survival rate compared with control treated mice. This antitumoral effect was accompanied by distinct changes in tumor membrane fatty acid profile and eicosanoids release. Furthermore, the eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid intervention also reduced malignant histological parameters and induced apoptosis without affecting cell proliferation. Of note is the significant reduction in tumor fibrosis that was associated with decreased levels of Sonic Hedgehog, a major ligand controlling this cellular compartment in pancreatic cancer. All together our results demonstrate the impact of eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid as antitumor regulators in pancreatic cancer, suggesting potential for ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids as a possible antitumoral dietary intervention. This research opens new avenues for integrating nutraceutical strategies in pancreatic cancer management.
Assuntos
Progressão da Doença , Ácidos Graxos Ômega-3 , Neoplasias Pancreáticas , Animais , Neoplasias Pancreáticas/patologia , Neoplasias Pancreáticas/tratamento farmacológico , Neoplasias Pancreáticas/dietoterapia , Neoplasias Pancreáticas/metabolismo , Camundongos , Ácidos Graxos Ômega-3/farmacologia , Humanos , Apoptose/efeitos dos fármacos , Proliferação de Células/efeitos dos fármacos , Ácidos Docosa-Hexaenoicos/farmacologia , Ácido Eicosapentaenoico/farmacologia , Suplementos Nutricionais , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas p21(ras)/genética , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas p21(ras)/metabolismoRESUMO
PURPOSE: This study aimed to evaluate the acute effects of beetroot extract and resveratrol supplementation (isolated and combined) on cardiac autonomic modulation and cardiovascular parameters recovery after exercise in individuals with coronary artery disease (CAD). METHODS: 14 males with CAD were submitted to 4 protocols consisting of 30 min (min) of rest, 30 min of aerobic exercise on a treadmill (60% of the heart rate reserve HRR), followed by 30 min of recovery. Before each protocol, the subjects consumed 500 mg of starch (placebo protocol), 500 mg of beetroot (beetroot protocol), or 500 mg of resveratrol (resveratrol protocol), or 500 mg of beetroot and 500 mg of resveratrol (combined protocol). Heart rate variability (HRV) indices and cardiorespiratory parameters were determined at different times during the protocols. RESULTS: Regarding HR, significantly higher values about rest in the placebo protocol at all recovery moments (1st to 30th min) were observed. Significant differences were observed in the other protocols (beetroot, resveratrol and combined) from the first to the 20th min recovery. For SBP, significantly higher values concerning rest were observed at the first minute of recovery for all protocols. No differences were found for the HRV index between time and protocols. CONCLUSIONS: The single supplementation of beetroot and resveratrol (isolated and combined) did not alter HRV and cardiovascular parameter responses between protocols. The consumption of beetroot extract and resveratrol enhanced vagal modulation and heart rate recovery compared to rest.
Assuntos
Beta vulgaris , Doença da Artéria Coronariana , Exercício Físico , Frequência Cardíaca , Extratos Vegetais , Resveratrol , Humanos , Resveratrol/farmacologia , Resveratrol/administração & dosagem , Masculino , Beta vulgaris/química , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Extratos Vegetais/administração & dosagem , Frequência Cardíaca/efeitos dos fármacos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Doença da Artéria Coronariana/fisiopatologia , Exercício Físico/fisiologia , Sistema Nervoso Autônomo/efeitos dos fármacos , Sistema Nervoso Autônomo/fisiopatologia , Suplementos Nutricionais , Estilbenos/farmacologia , Estilbenos/administração & dosagem , Raízes de Plantas/química , IdosoRESUMO
This study aimed to evaluate the effect of autolyzed yeast (obtained from culture of Saccharomyces cerevisiae in sugarcane derivatives) supplementation on diet digestibility, feeding behavior, levels of blood metabolites associated with protein and energy metabolism, and performance of Dorper × Santa Ines lambs finished in feedlot. Twenty-four non-castrated male lambs with an average age of 4 months and a body weight (BW) of 19.49 ± 3.08 kg were allocated to individual pens within a covered and elevated shed. The pens had a slatted floor without bedding suspended 1.8 m above the ground, and an area of 1.5 m2. The trial was set out in a completely randomized design with two treatments and twelve replicates each. The treatments consisted of a basal diet without yeast products (Control) or with yeast culture (Yeast, RumenYeast® at 5 g/animal/day). Lambs were fed ad libitum with a total mixed ration (TMR) composed of 400 g/kg of dry matter (DM) of Tifton 85 hay (Cynodon spp.) and 600 g/kg DM of concentrate feed, and contained 146 g/kg DM of crude protein and 2.30 Mcal/kg DM of metabolizable energy. The experiment was conducted over 84 days, with the first 14 days serving as an adaptation period. The subsequent experimental period was divided into two phases to evaluate animal performance (Days 1-63) and DM digestibility (Days 64-70). The supplementation with autolyzed yeast did not affect rumen or fecal pH, the DM digestibility, as well as the feeding behavior of lambs (the time spent on feeding, rumination, water intake, and idleness activities). In addition, yeast supplementation did not alter the serum levels of albumin, creatinine, urea, or level of plasma glucose, resulting in similar animal performance compared to the Control group. The mean values for final BW, DM intake, average daily gain, and feed conversion ratio were 37.52 kg, 1.051 kg/day, 0.286 kg/day, and 3.74 kg DM/kg gain, respectively. In the conditions of this study, the supplementation of autolyzed yeast in TMR (5 g/animal/day) does not affect diet digestibility, feeding behavior, blood metabolites, or performance of lambs finished in feedlot. Regarding that metabolic and performance lamb responses were not improved, the supplementation of autolyzed yeast at the tested dose is not recommended. However, it is important to note that markers related to immunity and inflammation were not evaluated in our work, and these should be considered in future studies.
Assuntos
Ração Animal , Fenômenos Fisiológicos da Nutrição Animal , Dieta , Suplementos Nutricionais , Digestão , Comportamento Alimentar , Saccharomyces cerevisiae , Animais , Masculino , Ração Animal/análise , Digestão/efeitos dos fármacos , Suplementos Nutricionais/análise , Dieta/veterinária , Carneiro Doméstico/fisiologia , Metabolismo Energético , Distribuição AleatóriaRESUMO
The breeding and exploitation of chickens at the backyard or commercial family level is an activity of great economic relevance for families in Ecuador. In addition to providing protein of high biological value for food security, it revalues local food resources that could provide productive benefits. With this objective, a study has been conducted in order to explore the effect of C. longa flour on the final weight as well as morphometric characteristics of the organs of female chickens. Therefore, a total of 200 birds were randomly distributed into four homogeneous groups, being Control, basal diet only, followed by T1, basal diet + 1 g/d, T2, basal diet + 2 g/d and T3, basal diet + 3 g/d of C. longa. The data analyzed under a general linear model yielded that including C. longa between 1 or 2 g/d did not differ in the final weight compared to the control (2763 ± 28 g, on average; P < 0.32). In the morphometry of the upper organs, T1 indicated a shorter length of the esophagus (3.7 ± 0.5 mm; P < 0.002) and gizzard (4.9 ± 0.3 mm), but with a larger heart than the other treatments (P < 0.02). In addition, differences were evident in the liver, gallbladder and cecum (P = 0.01 to 0.001) that were more marked when C. longa was administered between 1 or 2 g/d. In conclusion, supplementation of female chickens with C. longa proved to be a potential option to have greater final weights with important findings in the morphometric characteristics that could improve different aspects of their development, productivity and well-being. Therefore, more studies at the level of immunology and histology are recommended to support the benefits of C. longa.
Assuntos
Ração Animal , Galinhas , Curcuma , Suplementos Nutricionais , Animais , Galinhas/anatomia & histologia , Feminino , Curcuma/química , Tamanho do ÓrgãoRESUMO
BACKGROUND & AIMS: Obesity is a chronic disease characterized by an excess of fat mass. It is accompanied by a low-grade chronic systemic inflammation state that leads to numerous health disorders. To counteract this scenario, dietary-derived caloric restriction (CR) is the principal intervention for weight loss. Furthermore, probiotic supplementation has gained attention as a co-intervention to optimize weight loss and other health-related factors. As such, we aimed to verify the effect of CR with probiotic supplementation on the body composition, quality of life, sleep quality, anxiety, stress, and depression symptoms of adult men living with obesity. METHODS: The study is called the Clinical Study of Obesity and Intestinal Microbiota (ECOMI). It is a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial involving two parallel groups of stable-weight adult men living with obesity. The inclusion criteria were male individuals aged 25-44 years, with body mass index (BMI) ranging from 30.0 to 39.99 kg/m2, and stable body mass over the preceding three months. Participants were randomly assigned to two groups: Caloric Restriction with Probiotic (CRPRO) and Caloric Restriction with Placebo (CRPLA). The achieved CR was 30 % of the total daily energy expenditure. Macronutrients were distributed as 50 % carbohydrates, 30 % lipids, and 20 % proteins. Probiotic supplementation was carried out using two sachets/day of 1 g, containing 1 × 109 Colony Forming Units (CFU) of each strain: Lactobacillus acidophilus NCFM, Lactobacillus rhamnosus HN001, Lactobacillus paracasei Lpc-37 and Bifidobacterium lactis HN019, totaling 8 billion CFU/day. CR and probiotic (or placebo) supplementation intervention lasted 12 weeks. Body composition and psychobiological-related parameters (e.g., sleep, anxiety, stress, and depression) were assessed at baseline and following 12 weeks of intervention. Data are presented as mean and 95 % confidence interval (CI) and mean difference (MD). RESULTS: The present study applied the per protocol analysis. Thirty-three subjects were evaluated and randomized, but only data from 25 (CRPLA n = 12 vs CRPRO n = 13) participants were included in the final analysis. We verified that CR resulted in weight loss (p < 0.001; η2ρ = 0.754) in both CRPLA (MD: -6.30 kg; p < 0.001) and CRPRO (MD: -5.97 kg; p < 0.001), without differences between groups (p = 0.823; η2ρ = 0.002). Moreover, both CRPLA (MD: -4.83 kg; p < 0.001) and CRPRO (MD: -5.20 kg; p < 0.001) decreased body fat without difference between groups (p = 0.712; η2ρ = 0.006). Regarding obesity-related problems, only the corporeality dimension (p < 0.001; η2ρ = 0.474) in both CRPLA (p = 0.028) and CRPRO (p = 0.039) improved. World Health Organization Quality of Life (WHOQoL)-related dimensions were improved for perception (p < 0.001; η2ρ = 0.630), satisfaction (p < 0.001; η2ρ = 0.778), and psychological domain (p < 0.001; η2ρ = 0.567), without differences between groups. Moreover, sleep quality (p < 0.001; η2ρ = 0.522) improved in both groups, without differences between groups. Finally, anxiety (p = 0.013; η2ρ = 0.250) and depression (p = 0.003; η2ρ = 0.345) scores assessed via the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale-21 (DASS-21) and the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II) (p < 0.001; η2ρ = 0.448) improved only in the CRPRO group. CONCLUSIONS: Probiotic supplementation did not enhance the effects of caloric restriction on body composition, QoL-, or sleep-related parameters. However, anxiety and depressive symptoms improved only in the CRPRO group, despite no differences between groups after 12 weeks. Further studies are needed to confirm these findings.
Assuntos
Composição Corporal , Restrição Calórica , Obesidade , Probióticos , Qualidade de Vida , Humanos , Probióticos/administração & dosagem , Probióticos/uso terapêutico , Masculino , Restrição Calórica/métodos , Método Duplo-Cego , Adulto , Obesidade/terapia , Obesidade/dietoterapia , Obesidade/psicologia , Depressão/terapia , Depressão/dietoterapia , Redução de Peso , Sono/fisiologia , Suplementos Nutricionais , Índice de Massa Corporal , Microbioma Gastrointestinal/fisiologia , Ansiedade/terapia , Ansiedade/dietoterapiaRESUMO
This study aimed to evaluate the effects of Ocimum basilicum supplementation in the diet for Piaractus mesopotamicus regarding productive performance, intestinal morphology, muscle residue, and hematological changes after simulated transport stress. Juvenile (23 g±0.08, n = 180) were stocked into 300-L tanks in three treatments and six replicates each: a control diet (not supplemented), a diet with 0.5% essential oil of O. basilicum and a diet with 0.5% aqueous extract of O. basilicum. After 45 days, weight and length were measured, and the fish were submitted to a 4-hour simulated transport to assess the stress responses and the possible effects of the experimental diets on them. The main components of the essential oil were methyl chavicol (70.81%) and linalool (22.04%), while the aqueous extract contained tannin levels of 262.59±24 mg kg-1. The retention rate of the essential oil was about 50%, while the aqueous extract retention varied between 77 and 82%. The results showed no significant effect of basil on the productive performance of the fish. Fish supplemented with the aqueous extract exhibited a lower intestinal mucosal height compared to other groups. Additionally, transported fish showed increased blood glucose concentrations even higher in fish supplemented with the aqueous extract. It was concluded that supplementation with 0.5% basil, either as essential oil or aqueous extract, did not benefit productive performance, intestinal morphology, or reduce transport stress in pacu.
Assuntos
Ocimum basilicum , Óleos Voláteis , Extratos Vegetais , Animais , Ocimum basilicum/química , Óleos Voláteis/administração & dosagem , Extratos Vegetais/administração & dosagem , Suplementos Nutricionais , Ração Animal/análiseRESUMO
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: This narrative review explores the role of Medical Nutritional Therapy (MNT) in managing Metabolic-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease (MASLD), previously known as nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. It aims to examine the effectiveness of specific nutritional strategies in preventing and treating this obesity-linked liver disease. RECENT FINDINGS: Emerging evidence underscores the benefits of the Mediterranean diet, low-carbohydrate diets, and intermittent fasting in reducing liver fat, improving insulin sensitivity, and mitigating inflammation. Supplementing with vitamin E, omega-3 fatty acids, and silymarin can potentially reduce liver fibrosis and promote liver health. MNT is a key intervention for MASLD management, emphasizing dietary patterns, caloric restriction, and nutraceutical supplementation. Integrating these strategies with lifestyle modifications, including regular physical activity, offers a comprehensive approach to improving metabolic and liver outcomes in patients with MASLD. Further research is needed to refine and personalize these therapeutic interventions.
Assuntos
Dieta Mediterrânea , Suplementos Nutricionais , Hepatopatia Gordurosa não Alcoólica , Obesidade , Humanos , Hepatopatia Gordurosa não Alcoólica/terapia , Obesidade/complicações , Terapia Nutricional/métodos , Restrição Calórica/métodos , Dieta com Restrição de Carboidratos/métodos , Ácidos Graxos Ômega-3 , Resistência à InsulinaRESUMO
The pursuit of nutraceuticals to improve the quality of life for patients with neurodegenerative conditions is a dynamic field within neuropharmacology. Unfortunately, many nutraceuticals that show promise in preclinical studies fail to demonstrate significant clinical benefits in human trials, leading to their exclusion as therapeutic options. This discrepancy may stem from the categorical interpretation of preclinical and clinical results. Basic researchers often assume that non-human experimental animals exhibit less phenotypic variability than humans. This belief overlooks interindividual phenotype variation, thereby leading to categorical conclusions being drawn from experiments. Consequently, when human clinical trials are conducted, the researchers expect similarly conclusive results. If these results are not achieved, the nutraceutical is deemed ineffective for clinical use, even if numerous individuals might benefit. In our study, we evaluated whether analyzing phenotype variability and similarity through non-categorical methods could help identify rotenone (ROT)-treated rats that might benefit from consuming nano-emulsified punicic acid (Nano-PSO), even if the prevention of "parkinsonism" or the restoration of neurometabolic function is inconsistent across individuals. Our findings supported this hypothesis. The benefits of Nano-PSO were not categorical; however, analyzing phenotype variance allowed us to identify ROT rats with varying degrees of benefit from Nano-PSO consumption. Hence, the translational potential of results from basic science studies testing nutraceuticals as pharmaceutical products against neurodegeneration may improve if researchers also interpret their results using non-categorical methods of data analysis for population screening, even if the overall therapeutic outcomes for the entire population show internal inconsistencies.
Assuntos
Rotenona , Animais , Ratos , Masculino , Fenótipo , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Suplementos NutricionaisRESUMO
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Bioavailability studies and observational evidence suggest that heme iron (HI) may have greater impact on iron status indicators compared with non-heme iron (NHI). This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to review the current evidence on the effect of the administration of HI compared with NHI for improving iron status in non-hospitalized population groups. METHODS: We searched Pubmed, CENTRAL, Scopus, Web of Science, and LILACS from inception to July 2024. There was no language restriction or exclusion based on age or iron status. Only randomized controlled trials comparing HI with NHI were considered. A random-effects meta-analysis was performed to compare the effect of treatments for iron status indicators and total side effects (including gastrointestinal side effects). We measured the certainty of the evidence (CoE) using GRADE assessment. RESULTS: After screening 3097 articles, 13 studies were included. Most of the interventions used HI in low doses combined with NHI. The meta-analysis showed higher hemoglobin increases in children with anemia or low iron stores receiving HI (MD 1.06 g/dL; 95% CI: 0.34; 1.78; CoE: very low). No statistically significant difference between interventions were found for any iron status indicator in the other population subgroups (CoE: very low). Participants receiving HI had a 38% relative risk reduction of total side effects compared to NHI (RR 0.62; 95% CI 0.40; 0.96; CoE: very low). CONCLUSION: The current evidence comparing HI with NHI is very limited, preliminary findings suggest that interventions using HI may result in fewer side effects and may be superior in children with iron deficiency or anemia. However, given the very low certainty of the evidence, these results need further investigation through high-quality clinical trials. PROTOCOL REGISTRATION: CRD42023483157.
Assuntos
Heme , Ferro , Ensaios Clínicos Controlados Aleatórios como Assunto , Humanos , Heme/administração & dosagem , Ferro/administração & dosagem , Anemia Ferropriva/tratamento farmacológico , Disponibilidade Biológica , Suplementos Nutricionais , Estado NutricionalRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: Inflammation causes the progressive destruction of the supporting tissues around teeth in patients with periodontitis. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the immunological effects of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs) as adjunctive therapy in patients with periodontal disease and identify potential biomarkers for the disease. METHODS: This scoping review followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines to investigate the impact of omega-3 therapy with or without acetylsalicylic acid on the immunological parameters of periodontal treatment. Eligible studies included those conducted on patients with normoglycemia and diabetes, published after 2002 in English, and containing relevant keywords. The exclusion criteria included pre-2002 publications, literature reviews, animal studies, and articles without immunological analysis. This review involved careful study selection by two double-blind researchers using the Rayyan software, with data extraction and analysis performed by the third and fourth reviewers. RESULTS: Seven randomized clinical trials that compared control/placebo and n-3 PUFA groups or the follow-ups of the n-3 PUFA groups were included. The concentration of inflammatory cytokines was reduced following dietary supplementation with n-3 PUFA in the reviewed studies. Specifically, IL-1ß, TNF-α, IL-6, and RANKL levels were reduced after dietary supplementation with n-3 PUFA as an adjunctive therapy for periodontitis. Changes in inflammatory outcomes were associated with the clinical benefits of periodontitis. However, significant divergence in the evaluated inflammatory markers, samples, and methods impairs direct comparisons and quantitative analyses in the available literature. CONCLUSION: This study highlights the need for clinical trials to advance our understanding and assessment of inflammatory outcomes in patients with periodontitis.
Assuntos
Suplementos Nutricionais , Ácidos Graxos Ômega-3 , Periodontite , Humanos , Ácidos Graxos Ômega-3/administração & dosagem , Ácidos Graxos Ômega-3/uso terapêutico , Periodontite/tratamento farmacológico , Periodontite/terapia , Ensaios Clínicos Controlados Aleatórios como Assunto , Citocinas , Inflamação/tratamento farmacológico , Biomarcadores/análise , Biomarcadores/sangue , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
Gestational chronodisruption, increasingly common due to irregular light exposure, disrupts maternal-fetal circadian signaling, leading to long-term health issues in offspring. We utilized a chronic photoperiod shifting model (CPS) in pregnant rats to induce chronodisruption and investigated the potential mitigating effects of maternal melatonin supplementation (CPS + Mel). Male and female offspring were evaluated at 3 ages (90, 200, and 400 days of age) for metabolic profiles, hormonal responses, cytokine levels, and adipose tissue activity. Our findings indicate that gestational chronodisruption leads to increased birth weight by approximately 15% in male and female offspring and increased obesity prevalence in male offspring, accompanied by a 30% reduction in nocturnal melatonin levels and a significant disruption in corticosterone rhythms. Male CPS offspring also exhibited decreased lipolytic activity in white adipose tissue, with a 25% reduction in glycerol release compared to controls, indicating impaired metabolic flexibility. In contrast, female offspring, while less affected metabolically, showed a 25% increase in adipose tissue lipolytic activity and higher levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-6 (increased by 40%). Scheduled melatonin supplementation in chronodisrupted mothers, administered throughout gestation, effectively normalized birth weights in both sexes, reduced obesity prevalence in males by 18%, and improved lipolytic activity in male offspring, bringing it closer to control levels. In females, melatonin supplementation moderated cytokine levels, reducing IL-6 by 35% and restoring IL-10 levels to near-control values. These results highlight the importance of sex-specific prenatal interventions, particularly the role of melatonin in preventing disruptions to fetal metabolic and inflammatory pathways caused by gestational chronodisruption. Melatonin treatment would prevent maternal circadian rhythm misalignment, thereby supporting healthy fetal development. This study opens new avenues for developing targeted prenatal care strategies that align maternal and fetal circadian rhythms, mitigating the long-term health risks associated with chronodisruption during pregnancy.