RESUMO
Background: Transnational drug trafficking, political unrest, gang violence, and paramilitarism, which are pervasive in Haiti, have resulted in a mental health crisis for the broader Haitian community. This study explores the mental well-being of Haitians in Haiti and the United States by identifying barriers and facilitators to mental health through the lived experiences of men and women. Method: Four Focus group discussions conducted in April and November 2023 engaged 28 participants (20 women and eight men) aged between 23 and 60 years from locations in Haiti (Port-au-Prince, Cite Soleil, Cayes, Cap-Haitien, Saint-Marc) and the United States. Discussions revolved around the definition of mental health, stressors, coping mechanisms, risk and protective factors, and barriers to mental health care. Results: Six principal themes emerged: 1- Chronic Traumatic Stress: continued violence, political instability, unemployment, lack of social support, adverse childhood experiences, family separation, and forced displacement were significant sources of stress. 2- Increased Health Burden: Participants reported experiencing chronic physical and psychological symptoms [i.e., hypertension, anxiety, depression, sleep issues, substance abuse, suicidal ideations, characteristics of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)], which were attributed to Haiti's social, political, and infrastructure collapse. 3- Risk Factors: limited access to mental health services, pervasive hopelessness, scarcity of opportunities, and stigma were identified as significant risks. 4- Future Uncertainty: widespread concerns regarding the future predominated. 5- Multigenerational Concerns: Significant anxiety concerning the mental health and development of children, as well as the functionality of mental health practitioners, was noted. 6- Coping and Protective Factors: Effective coping strategies include mental stimulation, peer support, managing digital consumption, engaging in leisurely activities, such as listening to music, and faith/spirituality. Conclusion: The study's findings underscore the sociopolitical and economic crisis in Haiti, which has resulted in violence and a dismantle of political, educational, financial, and health infrastructures. These factors were identified as the primary source of chronic distress, contributing to widespread mental health issues, adverse physical symptoms, and disruption in daily life. The implications for practice, healing, research & policy are discussed.
Assuntos
Grupos Focais , Humanos , Haiti , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Saúde Mental , Adulto Jovem , Estresse Psicológico/psicologia , Estados Unidos , Adaptação Psicológica , Pesquisa Qualitativa , Transtornos Mentais/epidemiologia , Transtornos Mentais/psicologia , Fatores de Risco , Violência/psicologia , Violência/estatística & dados numéricosRESUMO
The article approaches the subject of recovery, a sociopolitical movement, field of studies and practices that aims, from the experience of people living with mental disorders, to promote a more optimistic outlook of the prognosis. Aiming to understand the recovery process of people who experience severe mental disorders, qualitative research was developed, based on Gadamerian hermeneutics. We conducted in-depth interviews, in the form of life narratives, with five people who recognize themselves in the process of recovery, and are part of a mental health patient group. Based on narrative analysis, three axes were organized: recovery process facilitators and coping strategies; barriers of recovery process; and relationship with diagnosis. The discussion is based on Canguilhem's theory; in the logic of psychosocial care, and in theories about the notion of recovery. We identified important intersubjective and sociocultural resources for recovery, however, we concluded that these same elements may constitute barriers to a creative existence, as the social norm remains crossed by the stigma that accompanies mental disorders, and by hierarchical power relations.
O artigo aborda o tema da recuperação pessoal (recovery), movimento sociopolítico, campo de estudos e práticas que visa, a partir da experiência de sujeitos com transtornos mentais, promover uma visão mais otimista para o prognóstico desses quadros. Com o objetivo de compreender processos de recuperação pessoal de pessoas que vivenciam transtornos mentais graves, desenvolvemos uma pesquisa qualitativa, baseada na hermenêutica gadameriana. Realizamos entrevistas em profundidade, na modalidade de narrativas de vida, com cinco pessoas que se reconhecem em processo de recuperação pessoal e integram um coletivo de usuários de saúde mental. Com base na análise narrativa, organizamos três eixos: facilitadores do processo de recuperação pessoal e estratégias de lida; barreiras ao processo de recuperação pessoal; e relação com o diagnóstico. A discussão fundamenta-se na teoria canguilhemiana, na lógica da atenção psicossocial e nas teorizações sobre a noção de recuperação pessoal. Identificamos recursos intersubjetivos e socioculturais importantes para a recuperação pessoal, contudo, concluímos que esses mesmos elementos podem constituir barreiras para uma existência criativa, pois a norma social se mantém atravessada pelo estigma que acompanha a loucura e pelas relações de poder hierarquizadas.
Assuntos
Adaptação Psicológica , Transtornos Mentais , Pesquisa Qualitativa , Humanos , Transtornos Mentais/psicologia , Transtornos Mentais/terapia , Feminino , Masculino , Entrevistas como Assunto , Adulto , Narração , Estigma Social , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Índice de Gravidade de Doença , Recuperação da Saúde MentalRESUMO
Although the presence of mental health stigma associated with seeking help has been demonstrated in many parts of the world, this work has largely been from an independent perspective (i.e., "I will be perceived as crazy") rather than from an interdependent perspective (i.e., "My family will be viewed negatively"). Interdependent stigma of seeking help (i.e., the extent to which people believe their family would be devalued and shamed if they seek psychological help) may be an important type of stigma that has not been assessed. Based on self-construal theory, the present study sought to develop and evaluate the psychometric properties of an Interdependent Stigma of Seeking Help (ISSH) scale in eight different countries and regions (i.e., Australia, Brazil, Germany, Hong Kong, Taiwan, Türkiye, the UAE, the United States). Findings suggest that the psychometric properties of the eight-item ISSH are adequate for research purposes (a unidimensional scale with full invariance and internal consistency estimates from .84 to .94). The ISSH was moderately related to other measures of stigma and psychological distress. Some differences in the relationship with specific outcomes by country and region were found, and there were notable country differences in the latent mean levels of ISSH, with Hong Kong and Taiwan having the highest means, and Australia, the United States, and Brazil having the lowest levels. Results suggest that the ISSH could be used to help clarify the complex relationships between stigma and other variables of interest and might be useful in developing culturally relevant interventions. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).
Assuntos
Transtornos Mentais , Serviços de Saúde Mental , Aceitação pelo Paciente de Cuidados de Saúde , Psicometria , Estigma Social , Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto , Austrália , Aceitação pelo Paciente de Cuidados de Saúde/psicologia , Aceitação pelo Paciente de Cuidados de Saúde/estatística & dados numéricos , Inquéritos e Questionários , Brasil , Transtornos Mentais/psicologia , Transtornos Mentais/terapia , Alemanha , Adulto Jovem , Taiwan , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Hong Kong , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estados Unidos , Comparação Transcultural , Turquia , AdolescenteRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: This research aimed to determine the stigma toward people with mental illness among mental health personnel and identify individual, professional, and contextual predictors. METHODS: A descriptive, cross-sectional, and correlational design was used. The sample consisted of 218 mental health personnel working in Outpatient Psychiatric Units belonging to hospitals and Community Mental Health Centers in Chile. Stigma was evaluated using a scale of humanized treatment, a scale of social distance, and a scale of attitudes in health personnel. In addition, sociodemographic and professional information was collected from mental health personnel and contextual information, particularly the type of outpatient mental health center and the technical-administrative unit that groups all the health centers in a territory. RESULTS: It was found that mental health personnel, in general terms, present low levels of stigma expressed in behaviors of comfort and support toward users, a desire for closeness and social interaction, and reduced stigmatizing beliefs and attitudes of infantilization toward individuals with MHPs. However, intimacy and trust were lower than expected.Only educational levels and health centers were related to stigma. CONCLUSIONS: The low levels of stigma may be due to the evolution of this phenomenon and the country's mental health policies.
Assuntos
Atitude do Pessoal de Saúde , Transtornos Mentais , Estigma Social , Humanos , Chile , Feminino , Masculino , Transtornos Mentais/terapia , Transtornos Mentais/psicologia , Estudos Transversais , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Inquéritos e Questionários , Serviços de Saúde Mental , Adulto Jovem , EstereotipagemRESUMO
Chronic physical illnesses (CPI) are highly prevalent among people with serious mental illnesses (PWSMI) yet people in this population experience significant challenges accessing healthcare. This study utilised a constructivist grounded theory approach to collect and analyse data related to the enablers and barriers to public healthcare access for PWSMI & CPI. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews conducted with fifty-seven participants comprising PWSMI &CPI and their caregivers, health policymakers, primary care physicians, psychiatrists, and mental health nurses. Enablers and barriers to healthcare access were represented using a socio-ecological model consisting of five levels: wider society, health system, clinician, family and community, and individual. Jamaica's free public healthcare system was the most pronounced enabler of healthcare access, while poverty, stigma, and discrimination were the most pronounced barriers. Factors such as social support, time, clinician beliefs, attitudes and training, and individual characteristics were identified as consisting of dimensions that were both enablers and barriers to healthcare access. These findings indicated that factors that influenced healthcare access for PWSMI & CPI were aligned with the social determinants of health. Improved healthcare access for PWSMI & CPI necessitates strategies that incorporate a multi-sectoral approach to address social and environmental factors influencing healthcare access across all levels of the socio-ecological model.
Assuntos
Teoria Fundamentada , Acessibilidade aos Serviços de Saúde , Transtornos Mentais , Humanos , Jamaica , Masculino , Feminino , Doença Crônica/epidemiologia , Transtornos Mentais/epidemiologia , Transtornos Mentais/psicologia , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estigma Social , ComorbidadeRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) are widely recognized as significant predictors of poor mental health in adulthood. Latin America presents several unique challenges regarding ACEs, such as higher prevalence of violence and income and political inequality. However, little is known about this issue from nationally representative samples in the region, particularly in Chile. OBJECTIVE: This investigation examines the association between individual and cumulative ACE scores and seven self-reported mental health conditions (substance abuse, depression, PTSD, generalized anxiety, suicide ideation, non-suicidal self-harm, and learning disorders) in a representative Chilean urban sample. METHODS: A representative urban sample of 2101 adult Chileans completed the International Adverse Childhood Experiences Questionnaire (ACE-IQ) and disclosed any prior mental health diagnoses. RESULTS: Around 40 % of the sample had experienced four or more ACEs in their lifetime. For these individuals, the risk of reporting a mental health disorder was significantly higher. Several logistic regression analyses were conducted to address the associations between ACEs and the seven mental health conditions. Notably, sexual abuse, bullying, and exposure to collective violence were the ACEs most strongly associated with self-reported mental health issues. Additionally, a cumulative ACE score was found to be a significant predictor of having a previous mental health diagnosis. CONCLUSIONS: We found a significant predictive association between exposure to collective violence and six out of the seven self-reported mental health disorders. Similarly, sexual abuse demonstrated an association with all mental health conditions. Finally, individuals who experienced four or more ACEs had a notably higher chance of reporting a previous mental health diagnosis. We recommend conducting further ACE research in Latin America due to its cultural and contextual singularities.
Assuntos
Experiências Adversas da Infância , Transtornos Mentais , Autorrelato , Humanos , Chile/epidemiologia , Feminino , Masculino , Experiências Adversas da Infância/estatística & dados numéricos , Adulto , Transtornos Mentais/epidemiologia , Transtornos Mentais/psicologia , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Adulto Jovem , Adolescente , Inquéritos e Questionários , População Urbana/estatística & dados numéricos , CriançaRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: The study aimed to assess the psychometric quality of the Peer Mental Health Stigmatization Scale - Revised (PMHSS-R), by examining its factorial structure among young adults in Ireland and Argentina. METHOD: A total of 429 participants aged between 18 and 25 years old were recruited (n = 187 Ireland, n = 242 Argentina). The PMHSS-R was completed by Irish participants and was translated, pilot-studied, and subsequently completed by Argentinian participants. RESULTS: A Confirmatory Factor Analysis demonstrated optimal factor loadings for an eight-item solution and acceptable internal consistency for both scale dimensions in the Argentinian sample. Satisfactory levels of partial scalar invariance were achieved between countries, indicating that the scale measures mental health stigma consistently across cultures. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS: Our findings highlight the PMHSS-R as a cross-culturally valid and reliable psychometric instrument to evaluate interventions targeting stigma. In conclusion, the PMHSS-R can be used in cross-cultural research to compare levels of mental health stigma and investigate the interplay between stigma and other psychologically relevant constructs between different countries and cultural contexts.
Assuntos
Comparação Transcultural , Grupo Associado , Psicometria , Estigma Social , Estudantes , Humanos , Argentina , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto , Adolescente , Adulto Jovem , Estudantes/psicologia , Irlanda , Universidades , Transtornos Mentais/diagnóstico , Transtornos Mentais/psicologia , Análise Fatorial , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Saúde Mental , Inquéritos e QuestionáriosRESUMO
For the past years, Ecuador has been transitioning away from a hospital-based model of mental healthcare to one that is community-centred. However, challenges associated with hospital-based models endure, notably financial burden faced by those with severe mental health problems (SMHPs) due to labour market discrimination. Employment access for this group is often disregarded in policy planning, despite evidence of its benefits on mental health. Huertomanías, an urban garden initiative in Ecuador founded in 2015, works with individuals with SMHPs, providing work, income, and social inclusion. A case study using a participatory approach was carried out to explore factors that impact the recovery of people with SMHPs. Twelve participants engaged in diverse stages of the research, where several participatory activities were conducted including cognitive mapping, a photovoice project, and interviews. The analysis employed a thematic approach leading to four categories of impact within the urban garden: autonomy (financial and personal), interpersonal relations and relation with the environment, mental health, and family dynamics. A final category of impact was established encompassing external factors (family support and public policy and healthcare services) that influence recovery. Findings suggest that the urban garden promotes autonomy and active participation within society, improves mental health, and transforms family dynamics. Further, this study highlights the importance of community-based mental healthcare (CBMHC), emphasising the need of public policies and healthcare in promoting autonomy through employment and community-centred services. Lastly, the study contributes insights into recovery experiences and CBMHC benefits, informing programme development and similar initiatives in Latin America.
Assuntos
Transtornos Mentais , Humanos , Equador , Transtornos Mentais/psicologia , Transtornos Mentais/reabilitação , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto , Pesquisa Participativa Baseada na Comunidade , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Jardinagem , Jardins , Relações Interpessoais , População UrbanaRESUMO
The experience of homelessness is associated with strong stigmatization processes, which are often reflected in the treatment received from professionals and the healthcare system itself. This article aims to analyze the experiences of participants in a program for homeless individuals in Barcelona called Primer la Llar within the healthcare system, and how the stigma they suffer affects the care processes. This program follows the Housing First model, a social intervention that proposes providing housing without preconditions to individuals with long histories of street living, who suffer from severe mental disorders and/or addictions. Based on individual interviews with 20 participants conducted between 2016 and 2020, it is observed that in certain cases, entering the program, having housing availability, support from professionals, and the development of their own strategies had positive effects on improving their health, although they continue to perceive discriminatory attitudes in some medical settings. It is suggested that the transformation regarding stigmatization be understood broadly, affecting individuals, institutions, and society as a whole.
El tránsito por el sinhogarismo está asociado a procesos de fuerte estigmatización que, en muchas ocasiones, tienen su reflejo en el trato que reciben por parte de las y los profesionales y del propio sistema de atención en salud. Este artículo tiene como objetivo analizar las experiencias que tuvieron en el sistema sanitario las y los participantes de un programa para personas sin hogar en Barcelona llamado Primer la Llar, y cómo el estigma que sufren estas personas llega a condicionar los procesos de atención. Dicho programa sigue el modelo Housing First, una intervención social que propone la entrada a una vivienda sin condiciones previas a personas con largas trayectorias de vida en la calle, que sufren trastornos mentales graves y/o adicciones. A partir de entrevistas individuales con 20 participantes, realizadas entre 2016 y 2020, se observa que, en determinados casos, el ingreso en el programa, la disponibilidad de una vivienda, el soporte de profesionales y el desarrollo de estrategias propias tuvieron efectos positivos en la mejora de su salud, aunque continúan percibiendo actitudes discriminatorias en algunos espacios médicos. Se plantea la necesidad de que la transformación respecto a la estigmatización sea entendida en un sentido amplio, en las personas, en las instituciones y en la sociedad.
Assuntos
Habitação , Pessoas Mal Alojadas , Estigma Social , Humanos , Pessoas Mal Alojadas/psicologia , Espanha , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto , Transtornos Mentais/terapia , Transtornos Mentais/psicologia , Transtornos Mentais/reabilitação , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Transtornos Relacionados ao Uso de Substâncias/reabilitação , Transtornos Relacionados ao Uso de Substâncias/terapia , Transtornos Relacionados ao Uso de Substâncias/psicologia , Atenção à Saúde , Pesquisa QualitativaRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the psychiatric alterations resulting from deep brain stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus in the management of Parkinson's disease. METHODS: Articles were searched using three databases: Public/Publisher MEDLINE, Virtual Health Library, and Cochrane Library. RESULTS: Eleven studies were included in the analysis. Manic syndrome alone was reported in two of the 11 studies analyzed. Psychosis alone was not reported in any of them, but it was found in association with other psychiatric alterations in two studies, not including manic syndrome. In one case report, hypersexuality was associated with depression and self-alienation. Depressive disorder was the most frequent psychiatric disorder after deep brain stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus, according to five of the reviewed articles, encompassing 26 patients. In four of these articles, depression was associated with other psychiatric disorders, such as psychosis, suicidal ideation, hypersexuality, and anxiety. Hypomanic syndrome was reported in two cases. CONCLUSION: More common psychiatric disorders related to the neuroanatomy of the nucleus were observed, probably because of the microlesions caused by the implantation of deep brain stimulation and the regulation of the stimulation of the device. The most common disorders include depression, mania/hypomania, psychosis, anxiety, suicidal ideation, and hypersexuality.
Assuntos
Estimulação Encefálica Profunda , Transtornos Mentais , Doença de Parkinson , Núcleo Subtalâmico , Humanos , Estimulação Encefálica Profunda/efeitos adversos , Doença de Parkinson/terapia , Doença de Parkinson/psicologia , Doença de Parkinson/complicações , Transtornos Mentais/etiologia , Transtornos Mentais/psicologia , Transtorno Bipolar/psicologia , Transtorno Bipolar/etiologiaRESUMO
PURPOSE: To examine the differences in mental health problems by sexual orientation and gender identity in first-year university students in Chile during the pandemic. METHODS: 7,213 first-year students aged 18 years and older from five universities participated as part of the World Mental Health - International College Student initiative in Chile. Students completed an online self-report survey between 2020 and 2021 that included measures of lifetime and 12-month major depressive episode, generalized anxiety disorder, panic disorder, bipolar disorder, drug abuse/dependence, alcohol dependence, non-suicidal self-injuries, and suicidal risk. Prevalence of mental health problems were estimated and the differences by sexual orientation and gender identity were examined using logistic and multinomial logistic regression models. RESULTS: Between 84.1% and 98% of lesbian, gay, bisexual, trans, and other sexual and gender minority (LGBT+) students screened positive for at least one lifetime mental health problem and between 67.6% and 90.6% for two or more problems. For most outcomes, non-heterosexual (Odds Ratio [OR] between 1.25 and 7.00) and trans and gender nonconforming students (OR between 1.72 and 5.81) had significantly higher odds of positive screening for lifetime mental health problems than heterosexual and cisgender students, respectively. Similar results were observed for 12-month mental health problems. CONCLUSION: The results show differences in the prevalence of mental health problems in LGBT+ university students in Chile, which are consistent with those found in other countries. These results may be useful for planning interventions to improve the mental health of LGBT+ students.
Assuntos
Transtornos Mentais , Minorias Sexuais e de Gênero , Estudantes , Humanos , Chile/epidemiologia , Masculino , Feminino , Minorias Sexuais e de Gênero/psicologia , Minorias Sexuais e de Gênero/estatística & dados numéricos , Estudantes/psicologia , Estudantes/estatística & dados numéricos , Universidades , Adulto Jovem , Adolescente , Transtornos Mentais/epidemiologia , Transtornos Mentais/psicologia , Prevalência , COVID-19/epidemiologia , COVID-19/psicologia , Adulto , Saúde Mental/estatística & dados numéricos , Comportamento Sexual/psicologia , Identidade de GêneroRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Forcibly displaced adolescents face increased risks for mental illness and distress, with adolescent girls disproportionately affected in part due to heightened gender inequity. Although the family unit has the potential to promote healthy development in adolescents, few family interventions have employed a gender transformative approach or included male siblings to maximize benefits for adolescent girls. METHODS: This study will assess a whole-family and gender transformative intervention-Sibling Support for Adolescent Girls in Emergencies (SSAGE)-to prevent mental health disorders among adolescent girls in Colombia who were recently and forcibly displaced from Venezuela. The study will employ a hybrid type 1 effectiveness-implementation pilot randomized control trial (RCT) to test the program's effectiveness to explore determinants of implementation to establish the feasibility, acceptability, and fidelity of SSAGE. To address these aims, we will enroll 180 recently arrived, forcibly displaced adolescent girls in an RCT and examine the program's effectiveness in the prevention of mental illness (through reduction in anxiety, depression, interpersonal sensitivity, and somatization symptoms) one-month post-intervention. We will use contextually adapted to collect data on the hypothesized mechanistic pathways, including family attachment, gender-equitable family functioning, self-esteem, and coping strategies. The implementation evaluation will employ mixed methods to assess the program's feasibility, acceptability, fidelity, and barriers and facilitators to successful implementation. DISCUSSION: Findings can support humanitarian program implementation, as well as inform policy to support adolescent girls' mental health and to prevent the myriad disorders that can arise as a result of exposure to displacement, conflict, and inequitable gender norms.
Assuntos
Transtornos Mentais , Irmãos , Adolescente , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Colômbia/epidemiologia , Transtornos Mentais/prevenção & controle , Transtornos Mentais/psicologia , Projetos Piloto , Refugiados/psicologia , Irmãos/psicologia , Ensaios Clínicos Controlados Aleatórios como AssuntoRESUMO
Objective: This systematic review aims to assess the impact of music therapy and musical interventions on neuropsychiatric outcomes among patients with moderate and severe mental disorders, in comparison with conventional treatment in isolation. Methods: The review follows the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. A comprehensive search was conducted on November 16, 2021, using the following databases and search interfaces: Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Embase, SCOPUS, Web of Science; PubMed, PsycINFO, Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde, and Scientific Electronic Library Online. Two authors independently assessed the studies for inclusion criteria, extracted the data, and evaluated the quality of the included studies using critical appraisal tools. Results: In total, 17 studies were included, 9 of which were randomized controlled trials. The experimental studies involved 5,082 adult and elderly patients. The most prevalent symptoms assessed in the studies were anxiety, depression, and positive and negative symptoms of psychotic disorders. Music interventions were predominantly conducted by music therapists and nurses, providing passive interventions with the selection of musical repertoire by therapists and patients. The frequency with which musical interventions occurred varied greatly in terms of session duration, number of times per week, and number of times during the day. The identified study designs included clinical and quasi-experimental studies. In terms of methodological quality, clinical studies showed weaknesses regarding deviations from intended interventions. Conclusion: The effectiveness of music therapy and musical interventions for neuropsychiatric symptoms in patients with moderate and severe mental disorders was evident in quasi-experimental and clinical studies with satisfactory methodological quality. Musical interventions, in various forms of application, represent an interdisciplinary therapeutic tool that complements and enhances conventional treatment. Unlike conventional treatments, the immersive and integrative nature of music interventions allows access to both intrapersonal and interpersonal dimensions during periods of psychic suffering. These findings highlight the importance of researchers addressing methodological limitations, such as deviations from intended interventions, and advocate for the expansion the use of music in community treatment settings.
Assuntos
Transtornos Mentais , Musicoterapia , Humanos , Transtornos Mentais/diagnóstico , Transtornos Mentais/psicologia , Transtornos Mentais/terapia , Musicoterapia/métodosRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Yoga can be used as a complementary intervention to conventional treatments, whether pharmacological or non-pharmacological. Sustained practice of yoga can generate a series of benefits for individuals' quality of life and improve their physical fitness. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the potential effects of yoga as an adjunct intervention in conditions involving impulse control issues, such as attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), borderline personality disorder, bipolar affective disorder, and substance use disorders. METHODS: We performed a systematic review of placebo-controlled, randomized trials of yoga in patients with impulsivity. PubMed, Web of Science, and Science Direct databases were searched for trials published up to January, 2023. Data were extracted from published reports and quality assessment was performed per Cochrane recommendations. RESULTS: Out of 277 database results, 6 RCT were included in this systematic review. To assess the level of attention and impulsiveness, the following scales were analyzed: Barratt Impulsiveness, UPPS-P Impulsive Behavior scale, Conners' Continuous Performance Test IIª and Conners' Parent Rating Scale-Revised: Long. CONCLUSIONS: Yoga didn't have a significant improvement in impulsivity when compared to placebo. There are many tools to assess impulsivity, but they mean different concepts and domains consisting in a weakness on comparison of yoga effects. PROSPERO REGISTRATION: CRD42023389088.
Assuntos
Comportamento Impulsivo , Yoga , Yoga/psicologia , Humanos , Ensaios Clínicos Controlados Aleatórios como Assunto , Transtornos Mentais/terapia , Transtornos Mentais/psicologia , Transtorno do Deficit de Atenção com Hiperatividade/terapia , Transtorno do Deficit de Atenção com Hiperatividade/psicologia , Transtorno Bipolar/terapia , Transtorno Bipolar/psicologia , Transtorno da Personalidade Borderline/terapia , Transtorno da Personalidade Borderline/psicologia , Transtornos Relacionados ao Uso de Substâncias/terapia , Transtornos Relacionados ao Uso de Substâncias/psicologiaRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: The precise relationship between obesity and eating habits, attitudes, and emotion regulation is still ambiguous. The purpose of this study was to investigate possible correlations among body mass index, challenges related to managing emotions, and attitudes toward eating among adult participants with known psychiatric diagnoses. METHODS: The body mass indices of participants were calculated, and data on eating styles were collected using the Dutch Eating Behavior Questionnaire. The level of difficulty in managing emotions was evaluated using the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale. RESULTS: The research findings indicated a meaningful positive association. An observation was made between body mass index and results from the Eating Attitude Test-40, as well as the restrained eating subdimension of the Dutch Eating Behavior Questionnaire. Conversely, a meaningful reverse relationship was identified between the scores of the "strategies" subdimension of the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale. No meaningful differences in eating attitudes and emotion regulation were found between non-obese and obese patients. CONCLUSION: While a partial and meaningful correlation was observed among body mass index, eating attitudes, and emotion regulation difficulties, it is suggested that factors such as patients' age, disease duration, current body mass index, and the simultaneous presence of depression and anxiety should be considered.
Assuntos
Índice de Massa Corporal , Comportamento Alimentar , Obesidade , Humanos , Obesidade/psicologia , Feminino , Adulto , Masculino , Comportamento Alimentar/psicologia , Comportamento Alimentar/fisiologia , Inquéritos e Questionários , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Transtornos Mentais/psicologia , Regulação Emocional/fisiologia , Adulto Jovem , Afeto/fisiologiaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Adherence to a nutrient-dense diet can have an impact on depression and other mental health issues. Little is known whether this is attributed to some or all components and how these differ in a country that is known to have a vast diversity of nutrient-dense foods. The aim was to examine whether there is a relationship between individual food groups with depression and other mental health disorders. METHODS: Data was from 89,955 Brazilians from the National Health Survey. Mental health and diet were accessed using a screener questionnaire. Descriptive statistics and regression analyses were calculated. RESULTS: Persons living with depression had significantly lower diet scores for vegetables/fruits (ß = -0.08, 95 % CI -0.13, -0.02), grains/roots (ß = -0.05; 95%CI (-0.07, -0.03)), beans (ß = -0.03; 95%CI (-0.04, -0.01)) and higher scores for sweetened beverages (ß = 0.04; 95%CI (0.01, 0.07)), sweets and sugars (ß = 0.03; 95%CI (0.01, 0.05) and high fat/sodium products (ß = 0.04; 9%CI (0.01, 0.07). Individuals living with other mental disorders showed lower scores for grains/roots (ß = -0.03; 95%CI (-0.06, -0.01)) and higher scores for sweets and sugars (ß = 0.06; 95%CI (0.03, 0.09)) and high fat/sodium products (ß = 0.05; 95%CI (0.01, 0.09)). CONCLUSION: People with mental health disorders are more likely to have an unhealthy diet. Relationships were slightly stronger with depression in particular food groups as other mental disorders. Further studies are needed to help in the prevention of these disorders.
Assuntos
Dieta , Inquéritos Epidemiológicos , Transtornos Mentais , População da América do Sul , Humanos , Brasil/epidemiologia , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Adolescente , Dieta/estatística & dados numéricos , Adulto Jovem , Transtornos Mentais/epidemiologia , Transtornos Mentais/psicologia , Depressão/epidemiologia , Depressão/psicologia , IdosoRESUMO
High rates of co-occurrence of mental disorders have been hypothesized to represent a result of common susceptibility to overall psychopathology. The purpose of this study is to test the hypothesis that commonalities among psychiatric disorders might be partially driven by sharable perinatal and neonatal environmental factors for mental disorders. Participants were 6-14 years of age children and their parents. Primary caregivers provided data on perinatal and neonatal information assessed retrospectively (n = 2231). Psychiatric disorders diagnoses were assessed using the Development and Well Being Behavior Assessment (DAWBA). We used bifactor models to disentangle common from dissociable aspects of psychopathology. These models allow modeling psychiatric disorders as the result of a common domain of psychopathology (p-factor) and three dissociable domains (fear, distress, and externalizing symptoms). Associations were tested using linear and tobit regression models. The p-factor was associated with male sex, low socioeconomic status, gestational smoking, gestational drinking, low levels of maternal education and presence of mental disorder in the mother. Associations with specific factors also emerged suggesting some risk factors might also have some role for fear, distress and externalizing factors. Our study supports the hypothesis that overall susceptibility to psychopathology might be partially driven by sharable perinatal and neonatal factors.
Assuntos
Transtornos Mentais , Humanos , Feminino , Masculino , Criança , Transtornos Mentais/psicologia , Transtornos Mentais/epidemiologia , Adolescente , Fatores de Risco , Recém-Nascido , Gravidez , Estudos Retrospectivos , PsicopatologiaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Haitian Americans have been disproportionately exposed to risk factors known to play a significant role in the development of mental illness. Yet despite the documented effectiveness of mental health treatment, a high proportion of Haitian Americans with mental health disorders have not received care. LOCAL PROBLEM: Internalized stigma of mental illness (ISMI) was reported as one of the primary reasons Haitian Americans do not seek help for mental illnesses, resulting in poor long-term outcomes for individuals and families in this community. This quality improvement project characterized ISMI among Haitian Americans, examined associated demographic factors, and tested the impact of a culturally relevant ISMI educational video intervention on willingness to seek mental health treatment. METHODS: Haitian Americans who self-reported mental illness ( N = 20) were recruited from a South Florida clinic. Descriptive statistics, correlations, and thematic analyses were completed to analyze the data. INTERVENTIONS: Participants completed the nine-item ISMI scale, watched an educational video about ISMI, completed a post-intervention survey, and engaged in conversations about mental health and ISMI. RESULTS: Sixty-five percent of participants reported mild levels of ISMI. Sex was significantly correlated with ISMI ( r = -0.458, p = .042); male participants experienced higher levels of ISMI. The educational video improved participants' knowledge of ISMI, and 85% indicated increased willingness to seek treatment. CONCLUSIONS: When caring for Haitian Americans with mental illnesses, nurse practitioners should initiate conversations about ISMI, consider gender differences in mental illness beliefs and attitudes, and provide culturally responsive psychoeducational interventions to promote more mental health treatment utilization.
Assuntos
Transtornos Mentais , Estigma Social , Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Transtornos Mentais/psicologia , Transtornos Mentais/terapia , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Haiti/etnologia , Inquéritos e Questionários , Florida , IdosoRESUMO
Most people in need of mental health services in Mexico do not seek formal support or professional services to address their mental health needs. Understanding help-seeking behaviors is crucial to addressing underutilized mental health services and to leverage health promotion efforts. Data were collected as part of a larger research project on stigma and help-seeking for mental-health-related concerns in Mexico. A convenience sample of 469 adults residing in Mexico City participated in the study using an experimental vignette methodology assessing stigma toward individuals with mental health conditions, along with characteristics and demographic correlates of help-seeking. All survey measures were administered in Spanish. A structural regression was conducted for the outcome 'openness to professional help seeking for mental health problems' as a latent variable. Compared with males, females were more open to professional help seeking (b = 0.09, p = 0.038), as were people who endorsed higher spirituality (b = 0.01, p = 0.006); while people who experienced self-stigma were less open to professional help-seeking for mental health concerns (b = -0.15, p = 0.005). Self-stigma was a major driver of low service utilization. Contrary to previous studies, spirituality was a significant positive predictor of professional help-seeking. A more nuanced understanding of mental health help-seeking in Mexico can be useful for outreach efforts to increase service utilization both in Mexico and among Latinos in the United States (US). Given historical, geographic, and cultural ties with the US, it is important to understand mental health help-seeking in Mexico, which may relate directly to help-seeking behaviors in many US Latinos who have immigrated to the US. Directions for future research and practice implications are discussed, including a roadmap for health promotion activities.