Your browser doesn't support javascript.
loading
Mostrar: 20 | 50 | 100
Resultados 1 - 20 de 614.644
Filtrar
1.
J. optom. (Internet) ; 17(2): [100492], Abr-Jun, 2024. tab
Artigo em Inglês | IBECS | ID: ibc-231621

RESUMO

Purpose: Given the increase in demand for optometry services by society and the importance of the Optometry profession in Portugal and Spain, the objective of this study was to determine job satisfaction and important factors related to this satisfaction in a sample of Portuguese and Spanish optometrists. Methods: A prospective, cross-sectional, and observational study was carried out from June to December 2021. An adaptation of the 15-item job satisfaction in eye-care personnel (JSEP) questionnaire validated by Paudel et al. was administered to Portuguese and Spanish optometrists. The questionnaire was shared through different social media (Facebook, LinkedIn, WhatsApp, etc.) in a Google form during the months of June to December 2021 in Portugal and Spain. Results: A total of 530 surveys were collected in Portugal (42.3%; n = 224) and Spain (57.7%; n = 306). The factors that most influence overall job satisfaction are salary, career development opportunities, recognition/prestige in society, good work-life balance (all p<0.001), workplace equipment and facilities, and encouragement reward positive feedback (both p = 0.002). When comparing the determinants of job satisfaction of optometrists, it was found that Portuguese professionals were generally more satisfied than Spanish ones (p<0.001). However, Spanish optometrists reported feeling more supported by their colleagues (p<0.001). Conclusion: This study has shown that the level of job satisfaction was higher in Portugal than in Spain. The most important factors influencing job satisfaction were salary, job stability, and support from colleagues.(AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Satisfação no Emprego , Visão Ocular , Optometristas , Optometria , Espanha , Portugal , Estudos Prospectivos , Estudos Transversais , Inquéritos e Questionários
2.
J. optom. (Internet) ; 17(2): [100489], Abr-Jun, 2024. tab, graf
Artigo em Inglês | IBECS | ID: ibc-231622

RESUMO

Purpose: The impact of visual outcomes of cataract surgery can be measured using a questionnaire. The aim of our study was to evaluate how patient quality of life changes after cataract surgery and if there are differences between the responses of patients with nuclear, cortical, and posterior subcapsular cataracts, which has not been studied before. Method: We studied 210 cataract patients who were divided into 3 cataract groups based on their cataract type: nuclear (n = 80), cortical (n = 70), and posterior subcapsular (PSC) (n = 60). The patients completed the Visual Function Index (VF-14) questionnaire before, 2 weeks and 1 month after bilateral cataract surgery. The results were analysed using one-way ANOVA (significance level 5 %) and were compared over time and between the cataract groups. Results: Before the cataract surgery, cortical cataract patients had the lowest questionnaire score compared to nuclear and posterior subcapsular cataract groups (p = 0.08). After cataract surgery, cortical cataract patients experienced the greatest improvement in near distance daily activities, while PSC cataract patients experienced the greatest improvement in far distance daily activities (p = 0.38). Before surgery, nuclear cataract patients had the highest questionnaire scores compared to the other cataract groups (p = 0.08). Conclusion: At the 1 month follow-up, there were no statistically significant differences in questionnaire scores between the cataract groups for any of the questions. Overall, cortical cataract patients showed a trend to experience the greatest subjective improvement in quality of life after cataract removal, followed by nuclear and posterior subcapsular patients.(AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Catarata/reabilitação , Extração de Catarata , Visão Ocular , Qualidade de Vida , Catarata/classificação , Inquéritos e Questionários , Optometria
3.
Fisioterapia (Madr., Ed. impr.) ; 46(2): 83-89, mar.-abr2024. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-231439

RESUMO

Antecedentes y objetivo: A nivel mundial la pandemia por el COVID-19 ha interrumpido el aprendizaje de más de mil millones de estudiantes, quienes reportan alteraciones en la salud mental, niveles altos de estrés académico y carga de trabajo. En la Licenciatura en Fisioterapia de la Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 331 estudiantes dejaron de asistir a clases presenciales indispensables para su formación académica y, tras un año de confinamiento, se desconoce el impacto psicológico y académico en esta población. El objetivo fue evaluar la salud mental, carga de trabajo y estrés académico de los estudiantes e identificar la asociación entre variables. Materiales y métodos: Se aplicó el Cuestionario de Salud Emocional por la Pandemia de COVID-19 - Fisioterapia, la escala de carga de trabajo UNIPSICO Battery y el Cuestionario de estrés estudiantil COVID-19. Se incluyeron los alumnos inscritos entre el primer y cuarto año de la Licenciatura en Fisioterapia de la Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México mayores de 18 años que contestaron la encuesta vía online y otorgaron su consentimiento informado. Resultados: El 62,7% de los estudiantes reportaron ansiedad, el 61,8% reportaron depresión, el 51,0% indicaron una percepción moderada del estrés académico y el 42,2% percibieron una carga de trabajo alta. La ansiedad y depresión tuvieron una asociación estadísticamente significativa con el estrés académico y carga de trabajo (p<0,05). Conclusiones: El estudio evidencia los efectos psicológicos y académicos derivados de la pandemia del COVID-19 en estudiantes de fisioterapia, que amerita medidas de intervención fisioterapéuticas y académicas que mitiguen los efectos del confinamiento.(AU)


Background and objective: Worldwide, the COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted the learning of over a billion students, who report mental health disorders, high levels of academic stress, and workload. In the bachelor's degree in physical therapy at the National Autonomous University of Mexico, 331 students stopped attending essential face-to-face classes for their academic training, and after a year of confinement, the psychological and academic impact on this population is unknown. The objective was to evaluate the mental health, workload, and academic stress of students in the bachelor's degree and identify the association between variables. Materials and methods: The Emotional Health Questionnaire for the COVID-19 pandemic – physical therapy was applied, including the UNIPSICO battery workload scale and the COVID-19 student stress questionnaire. Students enrolled between the first and fourth year of the Bachelor's degree in Physical Therapy at the National Autonomous University of Mexico over 18 years old who completed the survey online and provided informed consent were included. Results: 62.7% of students reported anxiety, 61.8% reported depression, 51.0% indicated a moderate perception of academic stress, and 42.2% perceived a high workload. Anxiety and depression had a statistically significant association with academic stress and workload (P<.05). Conclusions: The study demonstrates the psychological and academic effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on physical therapy students, which warrants physiotherapeutic and academic intervention measures to mitigate the effects of confinement.(AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , /psicologia , Modalidades de Fisioterapia/educação , Estresse Psicológico , Carga de Trabalho , Ansiedade , Depressão , México/epidemiologia , /epidemiologia , Inquéritos e Questionários , Saúde Mental , Estudantes/psicologia , Saúde do Estudante
4.
Farm. hosp ; 48(2): 64-69, Mar-Abr. 2024. ilus
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-231610

RESUMO

Objetivo: analizar la evolución del proyecto «Mapa Estratégico de Atención Farmacéutica al Paciente Externo» (MAPEX) por comunidades autónomas en España, a través del análisis de los resultados de la encuesta de situación comparativa entre los años 2016 y 2021. Métodos: un comité de expertos nacionales pertenecientes a la Sociedad Española de Farmacia Hospitalaria elaboró la Encuesta MAPEX sobre la situación de las unidades de pacientes externos, que constó de 43 preguntas específicas de aspectos relacionados con estructura, contexto, integración, procesos, resultados y formación, docencia e investigación. Se llevó a cabo en 2 periodos, uno en 2016 y otro en 2021 (con 3 preguntas adicionales en 2021, relacionadas con los avances de la iniciativa MAPEX y las líneas prioritarias a seguir). Se realizó un análisis comparativo de resultados a nivel nacional y por comunidad autónoma. Resultados: participaron 141 hospitales en 2016 y 138 en 2021, con representación de las 17 comunidades autónomas. El análisis de los resultados mostró mejoras significativas en todas las dimensiones de la encuesta, con variabilidad entre las diferentes regiones. De entre las mejoras más importantes, destacó el desarrollo y consolidación de la telefarmacia, la mayor especialización del farmacéutico por áreas de conocimiento y su integración en equipos multidisciplinares. La mejora del modelo asistencial se consideró el mayor avance a nivel general (65%) y la atención farmacéutica no presencial a nivel de centro (48,2%). Se consideraron líneas prioritarias de trabajo la expansión y aplicación práctica de la metodología de atención farmacéutica (66,4%), la investigación (58,4%) y la formación en todas las iniciativas MAPEX (53,3%). Conclusiones: la implantación y desarrollo de las iniciativas MAPEX ha supuesto un impacto positivo en la evolución en todos los ámbitos asistenciales de la atención farmacéutica al paciente externo. La encuesta permite identificar...(AU)


Objective: Analyse the evolution of the MAPEX Project (Strategic Map of Pharmaceutical Care for Outpatients) by regions in Spain, through the results of the comparative situation survey between the years 2016 and 2021. Methods: A committee of national experts belonging to the Spanish Society of Hospital Pharmacy prepared the MAPEX Survey on the situation of Outpatient Units, which consisted of 43 specific questions on aspects related to structure, context, integration, processes, results and training, teaching and investigation. It was carried out in two periods, one in 2016 and another in 2021 (with 3 additional questions in 2021, related to the progress of the MAPEX initiative and the priority lines to follow). A comparative analysis of results was carried out at the national level and by regions in Spain. Results: 141 hospitals participated in 2016 and 138 in 2021, with representation from the 17 autonomous communities. The analysis of the results shows significant improvements in all the dimensions of the survey, with variability between the different regions. Among the most important improvements, the development and consolidation of telepharmacy stood out, the greater specialization of pharmacists by areas of knowledge and their integration into multidisciplinary teams. The improvement of the healthcare model was considered the greatest advance at a general level (65%), and remote pharmaceutical care at the hospital level (48.2%). Priority lines of work were considered the expansion and practical application of the pharmaceutical care methodology (66.4%), research (58.4%), and training in all MAPEX initiatives (53.3%). Conclusions: The implementation and development of the MAPEX initiatives has had a positive impact on the evolution in all healthcare areas of pharmaceutical care for outpatients. The situation survey makes it possible to identify by regions the significant points for improvement...(AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Assistência Farmacêutica , Serviço de Farmácia Hospitalar , Qualidade da Assistência à Saúde , Satisfação do Paciente , Sistemas de Saúde , Espanha , Inquéritos e Questionários , Farmácia
5.
Farm. hosp ; 48(2): T64-T69, Mar-Abr. 2024. ilus
Artigo em Inglês | IBECS | ID: ibc-231611

RESUMO

Objetivo: analizar la evolución del proyecto «Mapa Estratégico de Atención Farmacéutica al Paciente Externo» (MAPEX) por comunidades autónomas en España, a través del análisis de los resultados de la encuesta de situación comparativa entre los años 2016 y 2021. Métodos: un comité de expertos nacionales pertenecientes a la Sociedad Española de Farmacia Hospitalaria elaboró la Encuesta MAPEX sobre la situación de las unidades de pacientes externos, que constó de 43 preguntas específicas de aspectos relacionados con estructura, contexto, integración, procesos, resultados y formación, docencia e investigación. Se llevó a cabo en 2 periodos, uno en 2016 y otro en 2021 (con 3 preguntas adicionales en 2021, relacionadas con los avances de la iniciativa MAPEX y las líneas prioritarias a seguir). Se realizó un análisis comparativo de resultados a nivel nacional y por comunidad autónoma. Resultados: participaron 141 hospitales en 2016 y 138 en 2021, con representación de las 17 comunidades autónomas. El análisis de los resultados mostró mejoras significativas en todas las dimensiones de la encuesta, con variabilidad entre las diferentes regiones. De entre las mejoras más importantes, destacó el desarrollo y consolidación de la telefarmacia, la mayor especialización del farmacéutico por áreas de conocimiento y su integración en equipos multidisciplinares. La mejora del modelo asistencial se consideró el mayor avance a nivel general (65%) y la atención farmacéutica no presencial a nivel de centro (48,2%). Se consideraron líneas prioritarias de trabajo la expansión y aplicación práctica de la metodología de atención farmacéutica (66,4%), la investigación (58,4%) y la formación en todas las iniciativas MAPEX (53,3%). Conclusiones: la implantación y desarrollo de las iniciativas MAPEX ha supuesto un impacto positivo en la evolución en todos los ámbitos asistenciales de la atención farmacéutica al paciente externo. La encuesta permite identificar...(AU)


Objective: Analyse the evolution of the MAPEX Project (Strategic Map of Pharmaceutical Care for Outpatients) by regions in Spain, through the results of the comparative situation survey between the years 2016 and 2021. Methods: A committee of national experts belonging to the Spanish Society of Hospital Pharmacy prepared the MAPEX Survey on the situation of Outpatient Units, which consisted of 43 specific questions on aspects related to structure, context, integration, processes, results and training, teaching and investigation. It was carried out in two periods, one in 2016 and another in 2021 (with 3 additional questions in 2021, related to the progress of the MAPEX initiative and the priority lines to follow). A comparative analysis of results was carried out at the national level and by regions in Spain. Results: 141 hospitals participated in 2016 and 138 in 2021, with representation from the 17 autonomous communities. The analysis of the results shows significant improvements in all the dimensions of the survey, with variability between the different regions. Among the most important improvements, the development and consolidation of telepharmacy stood out, the greater specialization of pharmacists by areas of knowledge and their integration into multidisciplinary teams. The improvement of the healthcare model was considered the greatest advance at a general level (65%), and remote pharmaceutical care at the hospital level (48.2%). Priority lines of work were considered the expansion and practical application of the pharmaceutical care methodology (66.4%), research (58.4%), and training in all MAPEX initiatives (53.3%). Conclusions: The implementation and development of the MAPEX initiatives has had a positive impact on the evolution in all healthcare areas of pharmaceutical care for outpatients. The situation survey makes it possible to identify by regions the significant points for improvement...(AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Assistência Farmacêutica , Serviço de Farmácia Hospitalar , Qualidade da Assistência à Saúde , Satisfação do Paciente , Sistemas de Saúde , Espanha , Inquéritos e Questionários , Farmácia
6.
Neurología (Barc., Ed. impr.) ; 39(3): 219-225, Abr. 2024. tab, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-VR-224

RESUMO

Introducción: Los niños con epilepsia tienen más trastornos del sueño (TS) que la población sana. Es fundamental su diagnóstico, ya que la epilepsia y los TS tienen una relación bidireccional. Objetivo: Determinar la incidencia de TS y malos hábitos de sueño en niños con epilepsia. Método: Estudio transversal de pacientes menores de 18 años con epilepsia sobre TS, mediante la versión española de Sleep Disturbance Scale for Children (SDSC), y sobre hábitos de sueño, mediante cuestionario de elaboración propia. Resultados: La muestra incluyó 153 pacientes. El 84% de la población estudiada presentaba alterado algún aspecto del sueño. Lo más frecuente fueron las alteraciones en la transición sueño-vigilia (53%), en el inicio-mantenimiento del sueño (47,7%) y la somnolencia diurna (44,4%). Un 70% de los padres de los pacientes referían que su hijo «dormía bien», pero en este grupo se detectaron TS hasta en el 75,7%. Muchos de los pacientes tenían hábitos de sueño poco saludables, como dormirse con dispositivos electrónicos (16,3%), precisar presencia familiar para dormirse (39%) o dormir en colecho o cohabitación (23,5 y 30,5%, respectivamente). Aquellos con epilepsias generalizadas, refractarias, crisis nocturnas y discapacidad intelectual presentaron mayor probabilidad de presentar TS. En cambio, los malos hábitos de sueño fueron frecuentes independientemente de las características de la epilepsia. Conclusiones: Los TS y los malos hábitos de sueño son frecuentes en niños con epilepsia. Su tratamiento puede conllevar una mejoría en la calidad de vida del paciente y su familia, así como una mejoría en el pronóstico de la epilepsia.(AU)


Introduction: Children with epilepsy present greater prevalence of sleep disorders than the general population. Their diagnosis is essential, since epilepsy and sleep disorders have a bidirectional relationship. Objective: Determine the incidence of sleep disorders and poor sleep habits in children with epilepsy. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study of patients under 18 years of age with epilepsy, assessing sleep disorders using the Spanish-language version of the Sleep Disturbance Scale for Children (SDSC), and sleep habits using an original questionnaire. Results: The sample included 153 patients. Eighty-four percent of our sample presented some type of sleep alteration. The most frequent alterations were sleep-wake transition disorders (53%), sleep initiation and maintenance disorders (47.7%), and daytime sleepiness (44.4%). In 70% of cases, the patients’ parents reported that their child “slept well,” although sleep disorders were detected in up to 75.7% of these patients. Many patients had poor sleep habits, such as using electronic devices in bed (16.3%), requiring the presence of a family member to fall asleep (39%), or co-sleeping or sharing a room (23.5% and 30.5%, respectively). Those with generalised epilepsy, refractory epilepsy, nocturnal seizures, and intellectual disability were more likely to present sleep disorders. In contrast, poor sleep habits were frequent regardless of seizure characteristics. Conclusions: Sleep disorders and poor sleep habits are common in children with epilepsy. Their treatment can lead to an improvement in the quality of life of the patient and his/her family, as well as an improvement in the prognosis of epilepsy.(AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Criança , Adolescente , Epilepsia/diagnóstico , Transtornos do Sono-Vigília/complicações , Incidência , Qualidade de Vida , Transtornos do Neurodesenvolvimento , Distúrbios do Início e da Manutenção do Sono , Neurologia , Doenças do Sistema Nervoso , Estudos Transversais , Inquéritos e Questionários , Espanha
7.
Neurología (Barc., Ed. impr.) ; 39(3): 254-260, Abr. 2024. tab
Artigo em Inglês | IBECS | ID: ibc-VR-228

RESUMO

Purpose: Covid-19 has affected all people, especially those with chronic diseases, including Parkinson's Disease (PD). Covid-19 may affect both motor and neuropsychiatric symptoms of PD patients. We intend to evaluate different aspects of Covid-19 impact on PD patients. Methods: 647 PD patients were evaluated in terms of PD-related and Covid-19-related clinical presentations in addition to past medical history during the pandemic through an online questioner. They were compared with an age-matched control group consist of 673 individuals and a sample of the normal population consist of 1215 individuals. Results: The prevalence of Covid-19 in PD patients was 11.28%. The mortality was 1.23% among PD patients. The prevalence of Covid-19 in PD patients who undergone Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS) was 18.18%. No significant association was found between the duration of disease and the prevalence of Covid-19. A statistically significant higher prevalence of Covid-19 in PD patients who had direct contact with SARS-CoV-19 infected individuals was found. No statistically significant association has been found between the worsening of motor symptoms and Covid-19. PD patients and the normal population may differ in the prevalence of some psychological disorders, including anxiety and sleeping disorders, and Covid-19 may affect the psychological status. Conclusion: PD patients possibly follow tighter preventive protocols, which lead to lower prevalence and severity of Covid-19 and its consequences in these patients. Although it seems Covid-19 does not affect motor and psychological aspects of PD as much as it was expected, more accurate evaluations are suggested in order to clarify such effects.(AU)


Objetivo: La COVID-19 ha afectado a toda la población, especialmente a aquellos con enfermedades crónicas, incluyendo a los pacientes con enfermedad de Parkinson (EP). La COVID-19 puede empeorar tanto los signos motores como los síntomas neuropsiquiátricos de los pacientes con EP. El objetivo de este estudio es evaluar diferentes aspectos del impacto de la COVID-19 en los pacientes con EP. Métodos: A través de un cuestionario virtual se evaluó a 647 pacientes con EP de acuerdo con sus presentaciones clínicas relacionadas con la EP y con la COVID-19, además de la historia médica previa durante la pandemia. Se compararon con un grupo de controles sanos de la misma edad que constaba de 673 individuos y una muestra de la población general de 1.215 individuos. Resultados: La prevalencia de la COVID-19 en pacientes con EP fue del 11,28%. La mortalidad fue del 1,23% entre los pacientes con EP. La prevalencia de COVID-19 en pacientes con EP con estimulación cerebral profunda fue del 18,18%. No se encontró una asociación significativa entre la duración de la enfermedad y la prevalencia de COVID-19. Se halló una prevalencia mayor de COVID-19 que fue estadísticamente significativa en pacientes con EP que tuvieron contacto directo con personas infectadas con SARS-CoV-2. No se encontró una asociación estadísticamente significativa entre el empeoramiento de los signos motores y la COVID-19. Los pacientes con EP y la población general podrían diferir en la prevalencia de algunos trastornos psicológicos, incluidos los trastornos de ansiedad y del sueño, y la COVID-19 podría afectar al estado psicológico. Conclusión: Los pacientes con EP posiblemente sigan protocolos preventivos más estrictos, lo que conduce a una menor prevalencia y gravedad de COVID-19 y de sus consecuencias en estos pacientes.(AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Doença de Parkinson/tratamento farmacológico , /epidemiologia , Estimulação Encefálica Profunda , Prevalência , Pandemias , Neurologia , Doenças do Sistema Nervoso , Inquéritos e Questionários , Neuropsiquiatria
8.
Rev. esp. sanid. penit ; 26(1): 9-17, Ene-Abr. 2024. tab
Artigo em Inglês, Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-231142

RESUMO

Objetivos: El cuestionario de agresión (AQ) de Buss-Perry (Buss-Perry Aggression Questionnaire; Buss y Perry, 1992) es una medida utilizada en la población en general. Existe un debate sobre la interpretación de las puntuaciones y la utilidad de una versión más breve (AQ-SV [short version]). El objetivo de este estudio es analizar y comparar las propiedades psicométricas de la versión larga (AQ-LV [long version]) y la breve y comprobar la fiabilidad de la versión breve en una muestra de varones encarcelados. Material y método: La muestra estaba formada por 236 varones encarcelados (edad media de 40,4 años) del Centro Penitenciario Ocaña I (Toledo), que se ofrecieron a participar en el estudio. La muestra se seleccionó mediante la técnica de muestreo aleatorio por niveles, basada en el número de reclusos internos. También se incluyó una lista aleatoria de posibles sustitutos en caso de negativa a ser entrevistados, interrumpiéndose la sustitución en caso de dos negaciones consecutivas. Este estudio es un diseño descriptivo transversal. Resultados: La versión breve de la escala demostró un mejor ajuste que la versión larga, como indican los valores mayores del índice de ajuste comparativo (CFI, comparative fit index) y los menores del cuadrado medio residual ponderado (WRMR, weighted root mean square residual). El número de penas de prisión se asoció positivamente con la agresión física, la agresión verbal, la ira y la hostilidad. Los coeficientes fueron ligeramente superiores para la versión breve que para la versión larga. Discusión: La versión breve del cuestionario AQ es un instrumento válido y de utilidad para medir la agresividad en contextos penitenciarios en relación con la versión larga, y se correlaciona con subescalas de agresión con más fuerza que la versión larga.(AU)


Objectives: The Buss-Perry Aggression Questionnaire (AQ; Buss & Perry, 1992) is a broad measurement tool used with the general public in Spain. There is some debate regarding the interpretation of AQ scores and the usefulness of a shorter version. The aim is to study and compare the psychometric properties of the long and short version of the AQ and check the reliability of the short version in a sample of male prisoners. Material and method: The sample was composed of 236 incarcerated males (mean age of 40.4 years of age) from Ocaña 1 prison center who volunteered to participate in the study. The sample was selected by using the tiered random sampling technique based on the internal inmate number. A random list of possible substitutes was also included in the event of refusal to be interviewed, with replacement being discontinued in the event of two consecutive refusals. This study is a descriptive cross-sectional design. Results: The short version of the scale demonstrated better adjustment than the long version, as indicated by the larger CFI and smaller WRMR values. The number of prison sentences was positively associated with physical aggression, verbal aggression, anger, and hostility. The coefficients were slightly higher for the short version of the scale than the long one. Discussion: The short version of the AQ is a valid instrument for measuring aggressiveness in prison contexts in relation to the long version, and correlates with subscales of aggression more strongly than the long one.(AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Adulto , Prisioneiros , Agressão/classificação , Psicometria , Violência , Comportamento , Comportamento Perigoso , Espanha , Prisões , Inquéritos e Questionários
10.
An. psicol ; 40(1): 12-19, Ene-Abri, 2024. tab, graf
Artigo em Inglês | IBECS | ID: ibc-229022

RESUMO

La pandemia del COVID-19 ha llevado a los países a adoptar severas y prolongadas medidas que —junto con el alto número de contagios y muertes y la continua información negativa— ha afectado la salud mental de las personas. Este estudio analiza el impacto de la crisis sanitaria del COVID-19 en España explorando el rol moderador de la eficacia percibida de las medidas de contención en la relación que establece la percepción del riesgo del COVID-19 con el estrés y la depresión. Un total de 478 adultos residentes en España (un 66.9% mujeres; Medad = 36.30, DT = 15.32) completaron un cuestionario con escalas concebidas para medir el riesgo percibido del COVID-19, la eficacia percibida de las medidas de protección, el estrés y la depresión entre el 16 de mayo y el 6 de junio de 2021. Los resultados confirmaron el rol moderador de la eficacia percibida, la cual actuó como un factor protector del estrés y la depresión al disminuir el impacto negativo que la percepción de riesgo del COVID-19 tiene en ambas variables relacionadas con el distrés mental. La percepción que tienen los individuos sobre la efectividad de las medidas de protección parece ser un factor protector relevante en relación con la salud mental durante una pandemia. Se subraya la relevancia de intervenciones psicológicas y de políticas gubernamentales que mejoren la comunicación positiva del riesgo y la información adecuada sobre la eficacia de las medidas de protección.(AU)


The pandemic situation caused by COVID-19 led countries to adopt harsh and prolonged (over time) measures that—along with the high number of infections and deaths and continuous negative information—have affected the mental health of individuals. In this study, the impact on mental health of the COVID-19 health crisis in Spain was explored through the perceived efficacy of pandemic containment measures as a moderator of the relationship that COVID-19 perceived risk establishes with stress and depression. A questionnaire composed of scales conceived to measure COVID-19 perceived risk, perceived efficacy of COVID-19 prevention measures, stress, and depression was completed by 478 adults living in Spain (66.9% females, Mage= 36.30, SD= 15.32) between May 16, 2021, and June 6, 2021. The results confirmed the moderating role of per-ceived efficacy. Perceived efficacy acted as a protective factor for stress and depression by decreasing the negative impact that perceived risk had on both variables related to mentaldistress. Also, the perception that par-ticipants had about the effectiveness of prevention measures appeared to be a relevant protective factor regarding mental health during the pandem-ic. This study highlights the relevance of psychological interventions and government policies that improve positive risk communication and pro-vide adequate information regarding the effectiveness of health-prevention measures.(AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto , /prevenção & controle , Saúde Mental , Estresse Psicológico , Depressão , Medidas de Segurança , /psicologia , Espanha , Psicologia , Psicologia Social , Inquéritos e Questionários
11.
An. psicol ; 40(1): 119-130, Ene-Abri, 2024. tab, ilus
Artigo em Inglês | IBECS | ID: ibc-229034

RESUMO

Existe poca evidencia de escalas de medición con propiedades psicométricas adecuadas respecto a la Calidad de Vida Laboral en el personal sanitario, por lo que el objetivo fue desarrollar y examinar las propiedades psicométricas de la Escala Mexicana de Calidad de Vida Laboral (EMCVL). Se realizó un estudio instrumental y transversal. Fase 1) desarrollo de la escala y validez de contenido; Fase 2) validación con dos muestras diferentes [n = 293] y [n = 300] a través de un cuestionario en línea. Se obtuvo validez de contenido para 60 ítems (V de Aiken > .90); los análisis factoriales exploratorio y confirmatorio arrojaron una estructura de seis dimensiones; los índices de ajuste de la escala final con 24 ítems fueron aceptables (χ2[257] = 540.277; CMIN/DF = 2.102; NFI = .914; CFI = .953; GFI = .877, AGFI = .845; SRMR = .047; RMSEA = .061 [.054-.069] p <.001), con buenos índices de confiabilidad (α = .949, ω = .982). La EMCVL demostró confiabilidad en la consistencia interna, varias evidencias de validez y una invarianza configuracional y métrica aceptable con un modelo que confirma la existencia de seis dimensiones que explican el constructo a través de 24 ítems.(AU)


There is little evidence of measurement scales with appropriate psychometric properties regard Quality of Work-Life in health personnel, so the objective was to develop and examine psychometric properties of Mexican Quality of Work Life Scale (MQWLS). An instrumental, cross-sectional study was conducted. Phase 1) development of the scale and con-tent validity; Phase 2) validation with two different samples [n= 293] and [n = 300] through an online questionnaire. Content validity was obtained for 60 items (Aiken's V>.90); exploratory and confirmatory factor analyz-es yielded a six-dimension structure; the fit indexes from the final scale with 24 items were acceptable (χ2[257]=540.277; CMIN/DF=2.102; NFI=.914; CFI=.953; GFI=.877, AGFI=.845; SRMR=.047; RMSEA=.061 [.054-.069] p <.001), with good reliability indices (α =.949,ω=.982). MQWLS proved internal consistency reliability, several ev-idences of validity and acceptable configurational and metric invariance with a model that confirms the existence of six dimensions that explain the construct through 24 items.(AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Qualidade de Vida/psicologia , Psicometria , Pessoal de Saúde/psicologia , Equilíbrio Trabalho-Vida , Esgotamento Profissional , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , México , Psicologia , Estudos Transversais , Inquéritos e Questionários
12.
An. psicol ; 40(1): 131-138, Ene-Abri, 2024. tab
Artigo em Inglês | IBECS | ID: ibc-229035

RESUMO

Las fortalezas del carácter y la autorregulación de las emociones son recursos psicológicos relevantes para ayudar a los trabajadores a hacer frente a las demandas actuales en trabajo. La presente investigación tuvo como objetivo probar la asociación y el poder predictivo de las fortalezas del carácter con respecto a la autorregulación emocional. Un total de 203 participantes con edades entre 18 y 68 años respondieron el cuestionario sociodemográfico, la Escala de Fortaleza del Carácter - Breve (EFC-Breve) y la Escala de Autorregulación Emocional - Adulto (EARE-AD). Los resultados indicaron asociaciones de débiles a fuertes entre los factores CSS-Brief y ESRS-AD. La fortaleza intrapersonal y las fortalezas intelectuales e interpersonales predijeron las estrategias de autorregulación emocional susceptibles de ser adoptadas por los trabajadores. La evidencia recopilada sugirió diferencias significativas en ESRS-AD y CSS-Brief con respecto a las características sociodemográficas de los participantes. Estos resultados se han producido independientemente del nivel jerárquico y del departamento de trabajo de los trabajadores.(AU)


Character strengths and emotion self-regulation are relevant psychological resources to help workers cope with current demands in the workplace. The present investigation aimed to test the association with and the predictive power of the character strengths regarding emotion self-regulation. A total of 203 participants aged 18 to 68 years answered the so-ciodemographic questionnaire, Character Strength Scale –Brief (CSS-Brief), and the Emotion Self-Regulation Scale –Adult (ESRS-AD). The findings indicated weak to strong associations between the CSS-Brief and ESRS-AD factors. The intrapersonal strength and the intellectual and in-terpersonal strengths predicted the emotion self-regulation strategies likely to be adopted by the workers. The gathered evidence suggested significant differences in the ESRS-AD and CSS-Brief regarding the participants’ so-ciodemographic features. These results have occurred regardless of the workers’ hierarchical level and job department.(AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Saúde Ocupacional , Ocupações , Otimismo , Esgotamento Profissional , Psicologia , Brasil , Inquéritos e Questionários
13.
An. psicol ; 40(1): 150-162, Ene-Abri, 2024. tab, ilus, graf
Artigo em Inglês | IBECS | ID: ibc-229037

RESUMO

Este estudio presenta distintos tipos de evidencias de validez y confiabilidad de la Escala de Autenticidad (AS) en una muestra de Brasil y Portugal. El estudioconsiste en una encuesta con 1.077 brasileños y 622 portugueses. Se testó el modelo con tres factores correlacionados (autoalienación, vivir auténtico y aceptación de la influencia externa), el modelo unidimensional y el modelo bifactorial. Se retuvo el modelo con tres factores correlacionados, con las tres subescalas alcanzando confiabilidad moderada a buena. Análisis factorial confirmatorio multigrupo sugirió invariancia escalar para cultura, género, edad, educación, ocupación y preocupación e impacto relacionados con Covid. Los ítems fueron evaluados por graded response model(GRM), sugiriendo que las tres subescalas no discriminan las personas con altos rasgos de autenticidad. GRM y estadísticas descriptivas indican que la escala de puntuación es inapropiada, particularmente para la subescala vivir auténtico, que es afectada por efecto techo. Las asociaciones con presencia de sentido mostraron evidencia adicional de validez. A pesar de las limitaciones, la AS es una medida adecuada para evaluar la autenticidad en diferentes grupos. Se discuten posibles modificaciones para el aprimoramiento de la AS.(AU)


This study introduces distinct types of validity and reliability evidence of the Authenticity Scale (AS) in a sample from Brazil and Portugal. It consists of an online survey with 1,077 Brazilian citizens and 622 Portuguese citizens. The study tested the model with three correlated factors (self-alienation, authentic living, and accepting external influence), the unidimensional model, and the bifactor model. The model with three correlated factors was retained, with the three subscales demonstrating moderate to good reliability. Multigroup confirmatory factor analysis suggested scalar invariance across culture, gender, age, education, occupation, and Covid-related concern and impact. The items were assessed by graded response model (GRM), which suggested that the three subscales are not able to distinguish respondents with high authenticity traits. GRM and descriptive statistics indicated that the rating-scale is inappropriate, particularly for authentic living subscale, which is affected by ceiling effect. Associations with presence of meaning showed additional validity evidence. Despite the limitations, the AS is an effective measure to assess authenticity across different groups. Potential modifications for the improvement of the AS are discussed.(AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Autoimagem , 35111 , Qualidade de Vida/psicologia , Valor da Vida , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Psicologia , Psicologia Social , Inquéritos e Questionários , Brasil , Portugal , Análise Fatorial
14.
Cir. Esp. (Ed. impr.) ; 102(3): 142-149, Mar. 2024. ilus, tab, mapas
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-231334

RESUMO

Introducción: La cirugía mayor ambulatoria (CMA) es un sistema de gestión seguro y eficiente para resolver los problemas quirúrgicos, pero su implantación y desarrollo ha sido variable. El objetivo de este estudio es describir las características, la estructura y el funcionamiento de las unidades de Cirugía Mayor Ambulatoria (UCMA) en España. Métodos: Estudio observacional, transversal, multicéntrico basado en una encuesta electrónica, con recogida de datos entre abril y septiembre de 2022. Resultados: En total, 90 UCMA completaron la encuesta. La media del índice de ambulatorización (IA) global es de 63%. Más de la mitad de las UCMA (52%) son de tipo integrado. La mitad las unidades imparte formación para médicos (51%) y personal de enfermería (55%). Los indicadores de calidad más utilizados son la tasa de suspensiones (87%) y de ingresos no previstos (80%). Conclusiones: Se necesita mayor coordinación entre administraciones para obtener datos fiables. Asimismo, se deben implementar sistemas de gestión de calidad en las unidades y desarrollar herramientas para la formación adecuada de los profesionales implicados.(AU)


Introduction: Ambulatory surgery is a safe and efficient management system to solve surgical problems, but its implementation and development has been variable. The aim of this study is to describe the characteristics, structure and functioning of ambulatory surgery units (ASU) in Spain. Methods: Multicenter, cross-sectional, observational study based on an electronic survey, with data collection between April and September 2022. Results: In total, 90 ASUs completed the survey. The mean overall ambulatory index is 63%. More than half of the ASUs (52%) are integrated units. Around half of the units provide training for physicians (51%) and for nurses (55%). The most frequently used quality indicators are suspension rate (87%) and the rate of unplanned admissions (80%). Conclusions: Greater coordination between administrations is needed to obtain reliable data. It is also necessary to implement quality management systems in the different units, as well as to develop tools for the adequate training of the professionals involved.(AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Ambulatórios/métodos , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Operatórios/estatística & dados numéricos , Assistência Ambulatorial , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Ambulatórios/estatística & dados numéricos , Espanha , Cirurgia Geral/tendências , Estudos Transversais , Inquéritos e Questionários
15.
Pharm. pract. (Granada, Internet) ; 22(1): 1-7, Ene-Mar, 2024. tab, graf
Artigo em Inglês | IBECS | ID: ibc-231364

RESUMO

Objective: Venous thrombosis (VTE) and arterial thrombosis are two different diseases. Although they differ in causes, types, and treatment, they share many risk factors. Many people are not able to differentiate between them. So assessing the awareness of people toward these two diseases and determining the variables that affect their awareness was the aim of the study. Methods: This is a cross-sectional validated questionnaire which was conducted on social media. It targeted the southern Jordanian public above 18 years between October and December 2022. Results: A total of 630 people participated in the current study. Only 42.2% knew the cause of arterial thrombosis compared to 58.7% in case of venous thrombosis. More than half (63.2%) of the participants knew that there is a difference between venous and arterial thrombosis. DVT (36.8%) and PE (23%) were correctly identified as types of VTE, while only myocardial infarction was identified as a type of arterial thrombosis by 52.2% of respondents. About 69.5% and 80.2% of respondents think that venous and arterial thrombosis are fatal, respectively. Regarding the socio-demographic variables that affect the awareness of the public, old age, high educational level, working, and earning at least 500 JD per month were significantly associated with better awareness of the study population about venous and arterial thrombosis with a p-value of 0.0027, < 0.001, 0.0017, and < 0.001 respectively. Conclusion: The current study reveals that there is a lack of awareness about VTE and arterial thrombosis and the difference between them among the southern Jordanian public. VTE and arterial thrombosis are preventable diseases, so more attention should be given by increasing the educational campaign and the initiatives of public health about the difference between them in terms of signs and symptoms, risk factors, and complications.(AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Trombose das Artérias Carótidas/diagnóstico , Trombose Venosa/diagnóstico , Conscientização , Trombose/classificação , Conhecimento , Jordânia , Farmácia , Tratamento Farmacológico , Inquéritos e Questionários , Estudos Transversais
16.
Pharm. pract. (Granada, Internet) ; 22(1): 1-14, Ene-Mar, 2024. tab, graf
Artigo em Inglês | IBECS | ID: ibc-231365

RESUMO

Objective: This study assessed antiretroviral adherence and treatment outcomes among outpatients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Methods: A cross-sectional study was performed on patients with HIV over 18 years old receiving antiretroviral therapy for at least six months at an Indonesian clinic, from January to March 2021. The previously validated self-reported adherence questionnaire was used to recall antiretroviral use. Viral load and CD4 were indicators of treatment outcomes. Binary logistic regression was used to explore factors associated with nonadherence and poor treatment outcomes. Results: Ninety-five patients were included in the study (male 70.5%, median [interquartile range, IQR] age 35 [29–42] years, and median [IQR] treatment duration 29 [15–49] months). Adherence greater than 95% was observed in 89.5%, 88.4%, 95.8% of the patients in the past week, month, and three months, respectively. Patients with secondary education or lower were associated with low adherence (adjusted odds ratio, aOR: 7.73, 95%CI: 1.12– 53.19). Viral suppression and improved CD4 were observed in 83.2% and 68.4% of the patients, respectively. Taking non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs)-based regimen was associated with viral suppression (aOR: 0.01, 95%CI: 0.00–0.14) as well as high CD4 count (aOR: 0.16, 95%CI: 0.03– 0.83). Being diagnosed with stage 4 of HIV (aOR: 72.38, 95%CI: 3.11–1687.28) and having adherence of 95% or lower (aOR: 68.84, 95%CI: 4.86–974.89) were associated with non-suppressed viral load, and having HIV stage 3 (aOR: 7.81, 95%CI: 1.26–48.40) or 4 (aOR: 26.15, 95%CI: 3.42–200.10) at diagnosis was associated with low CD4. Conclusion: Rates of self-reported adherence and treatment outcomes were high. Secondary education or lower was a predictor of low adherence. Using NNRTIs-based therapy was associated with good treatment outcomes; meanwhile, stage 3 or 4 of HIV at diagnosis and low adherence were predictors of poor outcomes. Therefore, strategies to improve adherence and treatment outcomes are warranted.(AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Resultado do Tratamento , Cooperação e Adesão ao Tratamento , Antirretrovirais/administração & dosagem , HIV , Carga Viral , Contagem de Linfócito CD4 , Indonésia , Estudos Transversais , Inquéritos e Questionários
17.
Pharm. pract. (Granada, Internet) ; 22(1): 1-16, Ene-Mar, 2024. tab
Artigo em Inglês | IBECS | ID: ibc-231368

RESUMO

Background: Of the four Asian countries, Indonesian COPD patients have the worst clinical features, which puts them at a high risk for treatment failure. There are a number of variables and patient traits that influence clinical results as a predictor of therapy outcomes. Objective: to identify the contributing components and how much they influence COPD patients’ therapy results. Methods: This cross-sectional descriptive-observational study at a tertiary army hospital involved 74 patients. A questionnaire and medical records were utilized to obtain sociodemographic characteristics and clinical data. Correlation and logistic regression analysis were conducted to identify significant factors. Results: The results showed that tumor/cancer comorbidities affected the worsening of CAT values (OR=10.89, 95%CI=1.01-117.23, p=0.049), use of ICS/LABA drugs affected the improvement of mMRC values (OR= 0.26, 95%CI=0.08-0.84, p=0.024), history of TBC disease affected the increase in exacerbation severity (OR=7.25, 95%CI=1.05-50.23, p=0.045), age from smoking >20 years affected the reduction in exacerbation severity (OR=0.03, 95%CI=0.002-0.61, p=0.022). History of alcohol use (OR=7.26 and 167.56, p=0.014 and 0.004) and comorbid pneumonia (OR=28.14 and 44.25, p=0.035 and 0.014) contributed to an increase in the frequency of exacerbations and hospitalization per year. Medium economic status affects the decrease in hospitalizations per year (OR=0.06, 95%CI=0.00-0.91, p=0.043) while the diagnosis of severe COPD and history of alcohol affected the decrease in COPD severity (ABCD) (OR=0.12 and 0.24, p=0.039 and 0.009). Conclusion: comorbidities, disease history, history of alcohol use, COPD status and the use of COPD medications contributed to variations therapeutic outcomes COPD patients. Therefore, it must be taken into account when making clinical decisions.(AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Resultado do Tratamento , Cooperação e Adesão ao Tratamento , Hospitais Militares , Doença Pulmonar Obstrutiva Crônica/diagnóstico , Doença Pulmonar Obstrutiva Crônica/tratamento farmacológico , Indonésia , Epidemiologia Descritiva , Estudos Transversais , Inquéritos e Questionários
18.
An. pediatr. (2003. Ed. impr.) ; 100(3): 180-187, Mar. 2024. ilus, tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-231523

RESUMO

Introducción: El abuso sexual infantil es un problema social global y multidimensional que provoca resultados devastadores y permanentes en las relaciones psicológicas, emocionales, cognitivas, conductuales, físicas, sexuales e interpersonales. Este estudio examina la relación entre la capacidad de decir «no» y la conciencia de madres y padres sobre el abuso sexual en estudiantes de 4.° de primaria. Métodos: El estudio se realizó entre abril de 2022 y junio de 2022 en escuelas primarias de un distrito central provincial en el noreste de Turquía. La muestra del estudio estuvo formada por 310 alumnos de 4.° de primaria y sus madres y padres. Compilamos los datos del estudio con el Formulario de información personal, la Escala de capacidad para decir «no» para niños y la Escala de conciencia de abuso sexual para padres. Resultados: Hubo una correlación positiva débil (p˂0,05) entre las puntuaciones medias de conciencia de las madres sobre el abuso sexual y las puntuaciones medias de rechazo y resistencia de los niños, y una correlación positiva débil (p˂0,05) entre las puntuaciones medias de la conciencia de los padres sobre el abuso sexual y las puntuaciones medias de rechazo de los niños. Conclusión: A medida que aumentó la conciencia de las madres y los padres sobre los mitos y las enseñanzas sobre el abuso sexual y las acciones para combatir el abuso sexual, también aumentó la negativa de los niños. Se encontró que a medida que aumentaba la conciencia de los padres sobre las señales de abuso sexual, aumentaba la negativa de los niños.(AU)


Introduction: Child sexual abuse is a global and multidimensional social problem and causes devastating and permanent psychological, emotional, cognitive, behavioural, physical, sexual and interpersonal sequelae. This study examines the relationship between the ability to say «no» and parental awareness of sexual abuse in 4th grade primary school students. Methods: The study was conducted between April 2022 and June 2022 in primary schools in the central district of a province in north-eastern Turkey. The sample consisted of 310 students enrolled in 4th grade and their parents. We collected the data through a personal information form, the ability to say «no» scale for children and the sexual abuse awareness scale for parents. Results: There was a weak positive correlation between the mean maternal scores of sexual abuse awareness and the mean scores of refusal and resistance in children (P˂.05), as well as a weak positive correlation between the mean paternal scores of sexual abuse awareness and the mean scores of refusal and resistance in children (P˂.05). Conclusion: As mothers’ and fathers’ awareness of sexual abuse myths and of teachings and actions to combat sexual abuse increased, the refusal of children also increased. Also, as fathers’ awareness of the signs of sexual abuse increased, children's refusal increased.(AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Criança , Abuso Sexual na Infância/prevenção & controle , Ensino Fundamental e Médio , Defesa da Criança e do Adolescente , Consciência , Epidemiologia Descritiva , Inquéritos e Questionários
SELEÇÃO DE REFERÊNCIAS
DETALHE DA PESQUISA
...