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1.
Vet Pathol ; 61(2): 232-242, 2024 Mar.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37681306

RESUMO

Canine bufavirus (CBuV) or Carnivore protoparvovirus-3, a nonenveloped DNA virus belonging to the genus Protoparvovirus, family Parvoviridae, has been identified in dogs with respiratory and enteric diseases. Although CBuV detection has been reported in multiple countries, descriptions of pathologic findings associated with infection have not yet been provided. In this study, the authors necropsied 14 dogs (12 puppies and 2 adult dogs) from a breeding colony that died during multiple outbreaks of respiratory diseases. Postmortem investigations revealed extensive bronchointerstitial pneumonia with segmental type II pneumocyte hyperplasia in all necropsied puppies but less severe lesions in adults. With negative results of common pathogen detection by ancillary testing, CBuV DNA was identified in all investigated dogs using a polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Quantitative PCR demonstrated CBuV DNA in several tissues, and in situ hybridization (ISH) indicated CBuV tissue localization in the lung, tracheobronchial lymph node, and spinal cord, suggesting hematogenous spread. Dual CBuV ISH and cellular-specific immunohistochemistry were used to determine the cellular tropism of the virus in the lung and tracheobronchial lymph node, demonstrating viral localization in various cell types, including B-cells, macrophages, and type II pneumocytes, but not T-cells. Three complete CBuV sequences were successfully characterized and revealed that they clustered with the CBuV sequences obtained from dogs with respiratory disease in Hungary. No additional cases were identified in small numbers of healthy dogs. Although association of the bufavirus with enteric disease remains to be determined, a contributory role of CBuV in canine respiratory disease is possible.


Assuntos
Doenças do Cão , Infecções por Parvoviridae , Parvovirus Canino , Parvovirus , Doenças Respiratórias , Animais , Cães , Infecções por Parvoviridae/veterinária , Parvovirus/genética , Doenças Respiratórias/veterinária , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase/veterinária , Doenças do Cão/patologia , Filogenia , DNA
2.
Acta Trop ; 250: 107108, 2024 Feb.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38145830

RESUMO

Parvoviruses are a major cause of haemorrhagic gastroenteritis, leukopenia and high mortality in cats and dogs. In this study, the presence and genetic characteristics of parvoviruses circulating among cats in Nigeria are reported. Faecal samples of stray cats from live animal markets in southwestern (Oyo and Osun States) and north-central (Kwara State) Nigeria were screened for the presence of parvoviral DNA using a qPCR. Positive samples were further characterized using a qPCR based on minor groove binder probes. Overall, 85/102 (83.3 %) stray cats tested positive for feline panleukopenia virus (FPV) DNA and one cat was co-infected with canine parvovirus-2 type a. Sequence analysis of the complete capsid region of 15 Nigerian FPV strains revealed that they were up to 99.9 % similar to the American reference strain FPV-b at the nucleotide level, and three of them presented amino acid mutations in key capsid residues. This is the first report of identification and molecular characterization of FPV strains in cats in Nigeria. The high prevalence of the virus emphasizes the need for constant surveillance of the circulation of parvoviruses in Nigeria and underscores the need to deploy an effective vaccination strategy.


Assuntos
Panleucopenia Felina , Parvovirus Canino , Parvovirus , Animais , Gatos , Cães , Panleucopenia Felina/epidemiologia , Parvovirus Canino/genética , Nigéria/epidemiologia , Filogenia , Parvovirus/genética , Vírus da Panleucopenia Felina/genética , DNA
3.
Dev Comp Immunol ; 147: 104894, 2023 10.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37467826

RESUMO

B-cell cloning methods enable the analysis of antibody responses against target antigens and can be used to reveal the host antibody repertoire, antigenic sites (epitopes), and details of protective immunity against pathogens. Here, we describe improved methods for isolation of canine peripheral blood B cells producing antibodies against canine parvovirus (CPV) capsids by fluorescence-activated cell sorting, followed by cell cloning. We cultured sorted B cells from an immunized dog in vitro and screened for CPV-specific antibody production. Updated canine-specific primer sets were used to amplify and clone the heavy and light chain immunoglobulin sequences directly from the B cells by reverse transcription and PCR. Monoclonal canine IgGs were produced by cloning heavy and light chain sequences into antibody expression vectors, which were screened for CPV binding. Three different canine monoclonal antibodies were analyzed, including two that shared the same heavy chain, and one that had distinct heavy and light chains. The antibodies showed broad binding to CPV variants, and epitopes were mapped to antigenic sites on the capsid. The methods described here are applicable for the isolation of canine B cells and monoclonal antibodies against many antigens.


Assuntos
Infecções por Parvoviridae , Parvovirus Canino , Parvovirus , Cães , Animais , Anticorpos Antivirais , Parvovirus Canino/genética , Anticorpos Monoclonais , Epitopos , Clonagem Molecular , Infecções por Parvoviridae/veterinária
4.
Arch Virol ; 168(4): 126, 2023 Mar 30.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36991232

RESUMO

Feline parvovirus infection, caused by feline parvovirus and canine parvovirus 2, is a highly contagious, life-threatening disease affecting cats. The available epidemiological data on parvovirus infection in cats in Egypt is limited. Therefore, the aim of the current study was to provide data concerning the epidemiological profile of cats infected with parvovirus, including the prevalence of parvovirus infection in cats in three Egyptian provinces (Sohag, Assiut, and Cairo) and the associated risk factors. Using rapid antigen tests of fecal samples and conventional PCR, the overall prevalence of parvovirus infection in cats was found to be 35% (35/100) and 43% (43/100), respectively. Anorexia, bloody diarrhea, severe dehydration, hypothermia, and vomiting were the most common clinical findings significantly associated with parvovirus-infected cats. The geographical location (Sohag) and the season (winter) were both statistically significant risk factors for parvovirus infection. These findings indicate that parvoviruses are circulating in different regions of Egypt. Our study provides baseline epidemiological data for future preventive and control measures against parvovirus infection, as well as highlighting the need for future genomic surveillance studies involving a large study population from various parts of Egypt in order to better shape the epidemiological picture of parvovirus infection.


Assuntos
Doenças do Gato , Panleucopenia Felina , Infecções por Parvoviridae , Parvovirus Canino , Parvovirus , Humanos , Cães , Animais , Gatos , Vírus da Panleucopenia Felina/genética , Egito/epidemiologia , Parvovirus/genética , Parvovirus Canino/genética , Infecções por Parvoviridae/epidemiologia , Infecções por Parvoviridae/veterinária
5.
Res Vet Sci ; 157: 1-5, 2023 Apr.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36827790

RESUMO

The aim of this study was to serially evaluate serum cardiac troponin I (cTnI) concentrations in dogs with parvoviral enteritis (CPVE), and investigate the association with outcome and serum pancreas-specific lipase (Spec cPL) concentrations. Dogs with CPVE that were hospitalised for at least 5 days were included. cTnI and Spec cPL concentrations were measured on days 1, 3 and 5 of hospitalisation. Twenty-nine dogs (20 survivors, 9 non-survivors) were included. Spec cPL was indicative of pancreatitis (>400 µg/L) on at least one day in 10/29 (34.5%) dogs. Serum median (range) cTnI concentration was higher (P = 0.021) in non-survivors on day 5 [0.032 (0.001-0.395) ng/mL] compared to day 1 [0.012 (0.003-0.196) ng/mL]. Non-survivors had higher (P = 0.014) cTnI concentrations on day 5 [0.032 (0.001-0.395) ng/mL] compared to survivors [0.001 (0.001-0.042) ng/mL], but not at admission or on day 3 (P > 0.05). Serum cTnI concentrations were not significantly different (P = 0.465) between the three Spec cPL groups [group 1 (Spec cPL ≤ 200 µg/L): 0.007 (0.001-0.527) ng/mL; group 2 (Spec cPL: 201-399 µg/L): 0.0045 (0.001-0.196) ng/mL; group 3 (Spec cPL ≥ 400 µg/L): 0.011 (0.001-0.278) ng/mL]. cTnI and Spec cPL concentrations were not significantly correlated (rho = -0.043, P = 0.703). Serial measurement of cTnI had prognostic value in the examined cohort. However, cTnI was not correlated with spec cPL.


Assuntos
Doenças do Cão , Enterite , Infecções por Parvoviridae , Parvovirus Canino , Parvovirus , Cães , Animais , Troponina I , Lipase , Pâncreas , Infecções por Parvoviridae/veterinária , Enterite/veterinária
6.
Vet Res Commun ; 47(2): 975-980, 2023 Jun.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36322244

RESUMO

The species Carnivore protoparvovirus 1 includes viruses, e.g. canine parvovirus (CPV-2) and feline panleukopenia virus (FPV), which are among the most relevant for pets, causing extremely severe clinical signs and high fatality rate in dogs and cats. Moreover, a broad range of wild hosts, including endangered ones, were proven to be susceptible. Currently, no data on CPV-2 molecular epidemiology and strain characterization are available in Ethiopia, also considering the frequent contacts between domestic and wild populations. In the present study, a molecular epidemiology survey was performed on 92 fecal samples collected from domestic (n = 84) and stray (n = 8) dogs in southwestern Ethiopia in 2021. Approximately, 10% of the samples tested positive and the complete VP2 sequences of 5 strains were obtained, classified within the CPV-2a (n = 1) and CPV-2c (n = 4) antigenic variants. In most instances, the closest genetic relatives were strains of Chinese origin, which is fully compatible with the intense relationships that have been developing between the two countries, involving human being travels and their pets as well. Considering the clinical relevance of this infection and the risk it poses to local domestic and wild carnivore populations, especially endangered ones, much stronger monitoring and surveillance activity on foreign incoming animals should be performed. More strict constraints on animal introduction, e.g. compulsory vaccination, should also be considered.


Assuntos
Doenças do Gato , Doenças do Cão , Infecções por Parvoviridae , Parvovirus Canino , Parvovirus , Humanos , Animais , Gatos , Cães , Parvovirus Canino/genética , Doenças do Gato/epidemiologia , Etiópia/epidemiologia , Infecções por Parvoviridae/epidemiologia , Infecções por Parvoviridae/veterinária , Filogenia , Doenças do Cão/epidemiologia , Parvovirus/genética
7.
Viruses ; 14(12)2022 11 23.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36560617

RESUMO

The illegal trade of animals poses several health issues to the global community, among which are the underestimated risk for spillover infection and the potential for an epizootic in both wildlife and domestic naïve populations. We herein describe the genetic and antigenic characterization of viruses of the specie Carnivore protoparvovirus 1 detected at high prevalence in puppies illegally introduced in North Eastern Italy and compared them with those circulating in wild carnivores from the same area. We found evidence of a wide diversity of canine parvoviruses (CPV-2) belonging to different antigenic types in illegally imported pups. In wildlife, we found a high circulation of feline parvovirus (FPV) in golden jackals and badgers, whereas CPV-2 was observed in one wolf only. Although supporting a possible spillover event, the low representation of wolf samples in the present study prevented us from inferring the origin, prevalence and viral diversity of the viruses circulating in this species. Therefore, we suggest performing more thorough investigations before excluding endemic CPV-2 circulation in this species.


Assuntos
Carnívoros , Infecções por Parvoviridae , Parvovirus Canino , Parvovirus , Lobos , Gatos , Animais , Cães , Parvovirus Canino/genética , Vírus da Panleucopenia Felina/genética , Infecções por Parvoviridae/epidemiologia , Infecções por Parvoviridae/veterinária , Parvovirus/genética , Animais Selvagens , Itália/epidemiologia , Filogenia
8.
Transbound Emerg Dis ; 69(6): 4002-4008, 2022 Nov.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36070349

RESUMO

The Chinese pangolin (Manis pentadactyla) is a critically endangered scale-covered mammal belonging to the order Pholidota. Wild pangolins are notably susceptible to pathogen infection and are typically characterized by impoverished health. However, little is currently known regarding the viruses prevalent among pangolins. In this study, we report the detection of two subtypes of canine parvovirus type 2 (CPV-2), namely CPV-2a and CPV-2c, both of which caused severe diarrheal disease in two post-rescue pangolins with fatal consequences. As in CPV-2-infected dogs, intensive lesion of the mucosal layer of the small intestines is a prominent feature in infected pangolins. Moreover, the immunochemistry results demonstrated that CPV-2 antigens were distributed in the crypts of small intestine. Additionally, typical parvovirus-associated CPV-2 were detected after four passages in F81 cells, and typical parvovirus-like particles, approximately 20 nm in diameter, were observed in the cell supernatants. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the VP2 viral protein sequences (GenBank accession number OP208805) isolated from one pangolin (termed P1) were classified as CPV-2c, with 99.8% identity to a CPV-2c strain (MN832850) isolated from a Taiwanese pangolin found in Taiwan Province. In contrast, VP2 sequences (#OP208806) obtained from the second pangolin (P2) were classified as CPV-2a, with 99.8% identity to a CPV-2a strain (KY386858) isolated from southern China. In this study, we thus confirmed the infection of pangolins with CPV-2c in mainland China and demonstrated that CPV-2a also can infect pangolins. Based on these findings, we recommend that further investigations should be conducted to establish the interspecies transmission of these viruses among wild pangolins, wild carnivores, and stray dogs.


Assuntos
Carnívoros , Doenças do Cão , Infecções por Parvoviridae , Parvovirus Canino , Parvovirus , Animais , Cães , Pangolins , Filogenia , Infecções por Parvoviridae/epidemiologia , Infecções por Parvoviridae/veterinária , Infecções por Parvoviridae/patologia , China/epidemiologia , Doenças do Cão/epidemiologia
9.
Vet Res Commun ; 46(4): 1291-1295, 2022 Dec.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35916969

RESUMO

Members of the family Parvoviridae are well recognized infectious agents of companion, livestock and wild animals as well, whose relevance on production, health, welfare and conservation is often high. Nevertheless, the knowledge of their epidemiology in wild populations is scarce or fragmentary. In this study, the presence and features of two parvoviruses, Carnivore protoparvovirus 1 and Amdoparvovirus, were evaluated in the red fox population resident in the Dolomites area, Northern Italy, and compared with the scenario of other countries and Italian regions. Six out of 117 spleen samples (5.13%: 95CI: 1.91-10.83%) tested positive to Carnivore protoparvovirus 1 and were molecularly characterized as Canine parvovirus (CPV). Infection frequency was comparable with that observed in wild carnivore populations present in Southern Italian regions, although in that case, Feline parvovirus (FPV) was predominant. No evidence of infection-related clinical signs was reported and viral loads were invariably low, suggesting the subclinical nature of the infection, the persistent carrier status or the detection of traces of viral DNA. No samples tested positive to Amdoparvovirus genus-specific PCR. The present study provides the first evidence of CPV circulation in the Northern Italy fox population. Unfortunately, the inevitable convenience nature of the sampling prevents definitive conclusions. Therefore, a more coordinated and standardized approach should be applied, at least in neighbouring geographic areas, to study these viral infections and their relevance in wildlife.


Assuntos
Infecções por Parvoviridae , Parvovirus , Animais , Gatos , Cães , Animais Selvagens/virologia , Doenças do Gato/virologia , Doenças do Cão/virologia , Raposas/virologia , Infecções por Parvoviridae/epidemiologia , Infecções por Parvoviridae/veterinária , Parvovirus/genética , Parvovirus Canino/genética
10.
Transbound Emerg Dis ; 69(5): e2694-e2705, 2022 Sep.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35689408

RESUMO

Some parvoviruses of carnivorans can infect multiple host species. Since many canine parvoviruses were only discovered recently, their host-range is still unexplored. We examined the host distribution and diversity of five dog parvoviruses in four canine populations from Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada, and investigated the potential for these viruses to cross the species barriers. Canine bocavirus 2 (CBoV-2) and the minute virus of canines were detected in stool from free-roaming dogs from Labrador (5/48 [10.4%] and 3/48 [6.3%], respectively) and two different CBoV-2 variants were identified. Canine bufavirus was identified in stool from free-roaming dogs (1/48, 2.1%) and foxes (3/80, 3.8%) from Labrador, but two different variants were observed in the two host species. The variant found in foxes was highly divergent from previously identified strains. Two cachavirus 1 variants, genetically similar to those circulating in other Canadian wildlife, were found in spleens from Newfoundland coyotes (3/87, 3.5%). Canine parvovirus type 2 (CPV-2) was found in stool from free-roaming dogs from Labrador (2/48, 4.2%) and in spleens from Newfoundland coyotes (3/87, 3.5%). Comparing CPV-2 sequences from these hosts to those retrieved from local symptomatic domestic dogs revealed the presence of a highly heterogeneous viral population as detected strains belonged to five different clades. The close relationship between CPV-2a strains from a dog and a coyote suggests the occurrence of viral transfer between wild and domestic canids. The identification of highly related strains with a similar molecular signature characteristic of older CPV-2 strains in free-roaming and domestic dogs suggests a probable common ancestry and that older CPV-2 strains, which have not been identified in dogs since the 1990s, persist in this part of Canada. Follow-up studies should evaluate samples from a larger number of animals and host species to extensively investigate the possible occurrence of cross-species transmission for recently discovered parvoviruses.


Assuntos
Coiotes , Doenças do Cão , Infecções por Parvoviridae , Parvovirus Canino , Parvovirus , Animais , Canadá , Doenças do Cão/epidemiologia , Cães , Raposas , Terra Nova e Labrador/epidemiologia , Infecções por Parvoviridae/epidemiologia , Infecções por Parvoviridae/veterinária , Parvovirus Canino/genética , Filogenia
11.
Transbound Emerg Dis ; 69(5): e2913-e2925, 2022 Sep.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35737580

RESUMO

Cats are susceptible to panleukopenia virus (FPV) and canine parvovirus type 2 (CPV-2) infection. FPV has been recognized as relatively conservative in genetic evolution compared to CPV-2, but information regarding FPV variations in cats is still limited. The aim of this study was to investigate the molecular prevalence of FPV and CPV-2 variants among cats in China. From April 2019 to December 2021, 193 diarrheal faecal samples of cats were collected from Southwest China and 127 (65.80%) samples tested positive to Carnivore protoparvovirus 1. FPV, CPV-2 and some their genomic variants were identified from positive samples, indicating a heterogeneous Carnivore protoparvovirus 1 circulation in the cat population in China. Among FPV strains, an A91S FPV mutant reached the detection rate of 39.37%, which showed that this FPV genomic variant has been prevalent in the tested cats. Moreover, 7 strains of A91S FPV variants were isolated and purified successfully using F81 cells, and the genomes were sequenced. Phylogenetic trees based on the nearly complete genomic sequences, VP2 and NS1 nucleotide sequences showed that the A91S FPV variants were located in the FPV clade, but all clustered into a separate branch. Structural prediction showed that A91S mutation in VP2 protein extended the random coil of aa residues from 92-95 to 91-95. Moreover, the analysis of all complete VP2 sequences of FPV and CPV-2 available in the GenBank database revealed that the A91S FPV variant has been prevalent in China since 2017 and has reported in four other countries in cats. Thus, our study revealed that heterogeneous Carnivore protoparvovirus 1 are circulating in the cat population in China, and first reported the prevalence and genomic characteristics of the A91S FPV variant, which contributed to a better understanding of the molecular prevalence and genetic evolution of FPV in cats.


Assuntos
Doenças do Gato , Doenças do Cão , Infecções por Parvoviridae , Parvovirus Canino , Parvovirus , Animais , Gatos , Diarreia/veterinária , Cães , Vírus da Panleucopenia Felina , Infecções por Parvoviridae/epidemiologia , Infecções por Parvoviridae/veterinária , Parvovirus Canino/genética , Filogenia , Prevalência
12.
Viruses ; 14(6)2022 06 08.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35746719

RESUMO

(1) Background: This study aimed to determine the risk factors for outbreaks of feline panleukopenia in shelters. (2) Methods: Four shelters (A−D) with 150 cats were included. Fecal samples were analyzed by parvovirus real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), including culture and sequencing of qPCR-positive samples. Information on cats, husbandry, hygiene, and infection management was evaluated to determine risk factors for feline panleukopenia and parvovirus shedding by logistic regression. (3) Results: Feline panleukopenia occurred in 28.0% (42/150) of cats (0 in shelter D). Shedding was found in 48.7% (73/150) (A: 21/73; B: 29/73; C: 7/73; D: 16/73). Of 73 qPCR-positive fecal samples, 65.8% (48/73) were culture-positive; sequencing revealed feline panleukopenia virus (FPV) isolates in 34/48 samples and vaccine virus isolate in 14/48; canine parvovirus was not detected. Presence of feline panleukopenia was significantly more likely in cats from shelter A (p < 0.05), unvaccinated cats (p < 0.001), and young cats (4 weeks to 2 years; p = 0.008). Parvovirus shedding was significantly more common in young cats (p < 0.001), cats with feline panleukopenia (p = 0.033), and group-housed cats (p = 0.025). (4) Conclusions: Vaccination is the most important measure to reduce the risk of feline panleukopenia in shelters. Risk of parvovirus shedding is especially high in young, group-housed cats.


Assuntos
Panleucopenia Felina , Infecções por Parvoviridae , Parvovirus Canino , Parvovirus , Animais , Gatos , Surtos de Doenças/veterinária , Cães , Vírus da Panleucopenia Felina/genética , Fatores de Risco
13.
BMC Vet Res ; 18(1): 96, 2022 Mar 11.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35277172

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Parvoviral enteritis (PE) is a viral gastrointestinal (GI) infection of dogs. Recovery from PE has been associated with persistent GI signs later in life. The objectives of this study were: (i) To determine whether dogs that have recovered from PE (post-parvo dogs) had an increased risk of persistent GI signs compared to uninfected control dogs. (ii) To investigate the lifestyle and clinicopathologic factors that are associated with persistent GI signs in post-parvo dogs. METHODS: A total of 86 post-parvo dogs and 52 age-matched control dogs were enrolled in this retrospective cohort study. Many years after hospitalization for PE, the owners were interviewed about the health and habits of their dogs using a questionnaire. We used generalized linear mixed effects models to test whether parvovirus enteritis and other risk factors are associated with owner-recognized general health problems in all dogs and with owner-recognized persistent GI signs in post-parvo dogs. RESULTS: The prevalence of persistent GI signs was significantly higher in post-parvo dogs compared to control dogs (57% vs 25%, P < 0.001). Markers of disease severity at the time of hospital admission such as neutropenia, low body temperature (BT), and treatment with an antiemetic medication (metoclopramide) were significant risk factors for persistent GI signs in post-parvo dogs. For example, PE-affected dogs that were hypothermic at hospital admission (BT of 37.2 °C) were 16.6 × more likely to have GI signs later in life compared to hyperthermic dogs (BT of 40.4 °C). The presence of persistent GI signs in post-parvo dogs was a risk factor for health problems in other organ systems. CONCLUSIONS: Parvovirus enteritis is a significant risk factor for persistent GI signs in dogs highlighting the importance of prevention. The risk factors identified in the present study may guide future investigations on the mechanisms that link parvovirus enteritis to chronic health problems in dogs.


Assuntos
Doenças do Cão , Enterite , Infecções por Parvoviridae , Parvovirus Canino , Parvovirus , Animais , Doenças do Cão/tratamento farmacológico , Cães , Enterite/tratamento farmacológico , Enterite/epidemiologia , Enterite/veterinária , Humanos , Infecções por Parvoviridae/diagnóstico , Infecções por Parvoviridae/epidemiologia , Infecções por Parvoviridae/veterinária , Estudos Retrospectivos , Fatores de Risco
14.
Arch Virol ; 167(4): 1145-1149, 2022 Apr.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35235060

RESUMO

Canine bufavirus (CBuV), a novel protoparvovirus of dogs that is associated with enteric and respiratory symptoms, has been reported only in Italy and China. The enteric prevalence of CBuV in India was investigated, and the nearly complete genome sequence (4292 bp) was amplified and reconstructed for one strain. A nucleotide sequence alignment indicated 93.42-98.81% identity to the other available CBuV sequences and 70.88-73.39% and 54.4-54.8% identity to human bufavirus and canine parvovirus 2 (CPV-2), respectively. The current strain is most closely related to Chinese CBuV strains, which together form an Asian lineage. This first report of the prevalence of CBuV in India emphasizes the need for further epidemiological surveillance.


Assuntos
Doenças do Cão , Infecções por Parvoviridae , Parvovirus Canino , Parvovirus , Animais , Doenças do Cão/epidemiologia , Cães , Infecções por Parvoviridae/diagnóstico , Infecções por Parvoviridae/epidemiologia , Infecções por Parvoviridae/veterinária , Parvovirus/genética , Parvovirus Canino/genética , Filogenia
15.
J Am Vet Med Assoc ; 260(7): 1-8, 2022 02 02.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35113794

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: To compare the serum cobalamin concentrations in canine parvovirus (CPV)-infected dogs with those of healthy control dogs. ANIMALS: 45 dogs with CPV enteritis and 17 healthy age-matched control dogs. PROCEDURES: Infection was confirmed by visualization of CPV-2 through fecal electron microscopy. All dogs received supportive care. Serum samples taken at admission were used to determine cobalamin, C-reactive protein, and albumin concentrations. RESULTS: Serum cobalamin concentrations were significantly lower in the CPV-infected group (median [interquartile range], 173 pmol/L [< 111 to 722 pmol/L]) than in healthy control dogs (379 pmol/L [193 to > 738 pmol/L). There was no association between cobalamin concentration and C-reactive protein or albumin concentration. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: While hypocobalaminemia was common in CPV-infected dogs, the clinical relevance of this finding remains to be determined. Studies assessing markers of cellular cobalamin deficiency in dogs with CPV infection appear warranted.


Assuntos
Doenças do Cão , Enterite , Infecções por Parvoviridae , Parvovirus Canino , Parvovirus , Animais , Proteína C-Reativa , Cães , Enterite/veterinária , Infecções por Parvoviridae/veterinária , Vitamina B 12
16.
Transbound Emerg Dis ; 69(5): e1417-e1433, 2022 Sep.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35150091

RESUMO

Several viruses can infect wild carnivores but their impact on wildlife health is poorly understood. We investigated the presence, diversity and distribution of various DNA viruses in 303 wolves inhabiting a vast area of the Northwest Territories, Canada, over a period of 13 years. We found evidence for the presence of canine bufavirus (CBuV, 42.6%), canine parvovirus 2 (CPV-2, 34.0%), canine bocavirus 2 (CBoV-2, 5.0%), cachavirus (CachaV-1, 2.6%), canine adenovirus 1 (CAdV-1, 1%) and minute virus of canines (MVC, 0.3%). To our knowledge, this is the first detection of CBoV-2, MVC and CachV-1 in wild animals. We also demonstrate that CBuV and CachaV-1 were already circulating among wild animals at least 11 and 10 years, respectively, before their discoveries. Although CBuV prevalence was higher, CPV-2 was the most prevalent virus among juveniles, while CBuV infection was associated with poor nutrition conditions. Even if its prevalence was low, CachaV-1 had the highest multiple infection rate (87.5%). CadV-1 and MVC sequences were highly identical to reference strains, but we observed a high diversity among the other viruses and detected three new variants. One CPV-2 variant and one CBuV variant were endemic since the beginning of the 2000s in the entire investigated region, whereas one CBuV variant and two CBoV-2 variants were found in a more restricted area over multiple years and CachaV-1 was found only in one region. Two CPV-2 variants and one CachaV-1 variant were observed only once, indicating sporadic introductions or limited circulation. Different patterns of endemicity might indicate that viruses were introduced in the wolf population at different timepoints and that mixing between wolf packs may not be constant. Different epidemiological behaviors depend on viral factors like infectivity, transmission routes, pathogenicity and tissue-tropism, and on host factors like proximity to densely populated areas, carnivory and pack density and mixing.


Assuntos
Adenovirus Caninos , Carnívoros , Doenças do Cão , Infecções por Parvoviridae , Parvovirus Canino , Parvovirus , Lobos , Adenovirus Caninos/genética , Animais , Animais Selvagens , Canadá/epidemiologia , Doenças do Cão/epidemiologia , Cães , Infecções por Parvoviridae/epidemiologia , Infecções por Parvoviridae/veterinária , Parvovirus/genética , Parvovirus Canino/genética , Filogenia
17.
Virus Res ; 304: 198529, 2021 10 15.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34363851

RESUMO

Parvovirus is a common element of the feline virus group and usually causes gastroenteritis and leukopenia in cats. In this study, we identified a novel protoparvovirus from the Chinese domestic cats, which is genetically similar to canine bufavirus (98.0%-99.8%), but sharing low amino acid identities in the viral structural proteins 2 (VP2) (36.1-37.2%) to the well-known canine parvovirus type 2 and feline panleukopenia virus. This virus was provisionally designated as feline bufavirus (FBuV). Screening of fecal samples revealed a prevalence of 7.4% (19/257) in domestic cats. Diarrhea was present in 52.6% (10/19) of cats positive for FBuV. However, statistical analysis showed no association between FBuV and clinical signs. VP2 gene of the 19 field FBuV was sequenced and phylogenetic analysis demonstrated that FBuV determined from China had a genetic diversity. This study will strengthen the understanding of the epidemiology and genetic diversity of bufavirus and provide a foundation for further studies.


Assuntos
Infecções por Parvoviridae , Parvovirus Canino , Parvovirus , Animais , Gatos , China/epidemiologia , Cães , Vírus da Panleucopenia Felina/genética , Infecções por Parvoviridae/epidemiologia , Infecções por Parvoviridae/veterinária , Parvovirus/genética , Parvovirus Canino/genética , Filogenia
18.
Vet Rec ; 189(6): e556, 2021 Sep.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34101190

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: There is a lack of national population data concerning infectious disease in companion animals. Here, we piloted the feasibility of linking diagnostic laboratories, population surveillance and modern sequencing approaches to extract targeted diagnostic samples from laboratories before they were discarded, as a novel route to better understand national epidemiology of major small animal pathogens. METHODS: Samples tested for canine or feline parvovirus were requested from a national veterinary diagnostic laboratory and analysed by Sanger or next generation sequencing. Samples were linked to electronic health data held in the SAVSNET database. RESULTS: Sequences obtained from positive samples, together with associated metadata, provided new insights into the recent geographical distribution of parvovirus strains in circulation in the United Kingdom (UK). CONCLUSIONS: This collaboration with industry represents a 'National Virtual Biobank' that can rapidly be called on, to efficiently add new layers of epidemiological information of relevance to animal, and potentially human, population health.


Assuntos
Doenças do Gato , Doenças do Cão , Infecções por Parvoviridae , Parvovirus Canino , Parvovirus , Animais , Bancos de Espécimes Biológicos , Gatos , Cães , Vírus da Panleucopenia Felina , Infecções por Parvoviridae/epidemiologia , Infecções por Parvoviridae/veterinária , Parvovirus/genética , Projetos Piloto
19.
PLoS One ; 16(3): e0247266, 2021.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33651823

RESUMO

Carnivore protoparvovirus-1 (CPPV-1), a viral species containing feline panleukopenia virus (FPV) and canine parvovirus (CPV) variants, are widely spread among domestic and wild carnivores causing systemic fatal diseases. Wild fishing cats (Prionailurus viverrinus), a globally vulnerable species, have been found dead. Postmortem examination of the carcasses revealed lesions in intestine, spleen and kidney. CPPV-1 antigen identification in these tissues, using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and immunohistochemistry (IHC), supported the infection by the virus. PCR- and IHC-positivity in kidney tissues revealed atypical localization of the virus while in situ hybridization (ISH) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) with the pop-off technique confirmed the first description of viral localization in kidneys. Complete genome characterization and deduced amino acid analysis of the obtained CPPV-1 from the fishing cats revealed FPV as a causative agent. The detected FPV sequences showed amino acid mutations at I566M and M569R in the capsid protein. Phylogenetic and evolutionary analyses of complete coding genome sequences revealed that the fishing cat CPPV-1 genomes are genetically clustered to the FPV genomes isolated from domestic cats in Thailand. Since the 1970s, these genomes have also been shown to share a genetic evolution with Chinese FPV strains. This study is the first evidence of CPPV-1 infection in fishing cats and it is the first to show its localization in the kidneys. These findings support the multi-host range of this parvovirus and suggest fatal CPPV-1 infections may result in other vulnerable wild carnivores.


Assuntos
Felidae/virologia , Vírus da Panleucopenia Felina/genética , Vírus da Panleucopenia Felina/patogenicidade , Animais , Animais Selvagens/virologia , Evolução Biológica , Proteínas do Capsídeo/genética , Carnívoros/genética , Gatos , Evolução Molecular , Panleucopenia Felina/virologia , Vírus da Panleucopenia Felina/isolamento & purificação , Especificidade de Hospedeiro , Rim/patologia , Rim/virologia , Mutação , Infecções por Parvoviridae/virologia , Parvovirus/genética , Parvovirus Canino/genética , Filogenia , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase/veterinária , Tailândia
20.
Transbound Emerg Dis ; 68(6): 3335-3348, 2021 Nov.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33238057

RESUMO

Landscape anthropization has been identified as one of the main drivers of pathogen emergence worldwide, facilitating pathogen spillover between domestic species and wildlife. The present study investigated Carnivore protoparvovirus-1 infection using molecular methods in 98 free-ranging wild guignas (Leopardus guigna) and 262 co-occurring owned, free-roaming rural domestic cats. We also assessed landscape anthropization variables as potential drivers of infection. Protoparvovirus DNA was detected in guignas across their entire distribution range, with observed prevalence of 13.3% (real-time PCR) and 9% (conventional PCR) in guignas, and 6.1% (conventional PCR) in cats. Prevalence in guigna did not vary depending on age, sex, study area or landscape variables. Prevalence was higher in juvenile cats (16.7%) than in adults (4.4%). Molecular characterization of the virus by amplification and sequencing of almost the entire vp2 gene (1,746 bp) from one guigna and five domestic cats was achieved, showing genetic similarities to canine parvovirus 2c (CPV-2c) (one guigna and one cat), feline panleukopenia virus (FPV) (one cat), CPV-2 (no subtype identified) (two cats), CPV-2a (one cat). The CVP-2c-like sequence found in a guigna clustered together with domestic cat and dog CPV-2c sequences from South America, suggesting possible spillover from a domestic to a wild species as the origin of infection in guigna. No clinical signs of disease were found in PCR-positive animals except for a CPV-2c-infected guigna, which had haemorrhagic diarrhoea and died a few days after arrival at a wildlife rescue centre. Our findings reveal widespread presence of Carnivore protoparvovirus-1 across the guigna distribution in Chile and suggest that virus transmission potentially occurs from domestic to wild carnivores, causing severe disease and death in susceptible wild guignas.


Assuntos
Doenças do Gato , Doenças do Cão , Felidae , Infecções por Parvoviridae , Parvovirus Canino , Parvovirus , Animais , Gatos , Chile/epidemiologia , Cães , Infecções por Parvoviridae/epidemiologia , Infecções por Parvoviridae/veterinária , Filogenia
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