Early visual intervention, visual function analysis, and grating visual acuity outcomes in children with congenital Zika syndrome

ABSTRACT Purpose: This study aimed to assess grating visual acuity and functional vision in children with congenital Zika syndrome. Methods: Initial and final grating visual acuity was measured using Teller acuity cards. Cerebral vision impairment standardized tests were used to assess functional vision. Patients were referred to the early visual intervention program for visually disabled children. Neuroimaging was performed. Results: In this study, 10 children were included with an age range of 1-37 months. Eight patients presented with macular atrophic scars. Neuroimaging revealed microcephaly and cerebral abnormalities in all patients. Low vision and cerebral vision impairment characteristics were observed in all children. The final grating visual acuity in this group varied from 3.00 to 0.81 logMAR. Conclusions: The grating visual acuity test revealed low vision in all children with congenital Zika syndrome. Functional vision evaluation revealed cerebral vision impairment characteristics in all patients, who were referred to the early visual intervention program. Visual acuity improved in six children.

Systematic review on molecular detection of congenital and neonatal infections caused by TORCH and SARS-CoV-2 in newborns' cerebrospinal fluid / Revisáo sistemática sobre deteção molecular de infecções congênitas e neonatais causadas por TORCH e SARS-CoV-2 no líquido cefalorraquidiano de recém-nascidos

ABSTRACT Objective: To verify the use and identify advantages of molecular methods for congenital infections diagnosis in cerebrospinal fluid of neonates. Data source: The review was registered in the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO), under CRD42021274210. The literature search was performed in databases: PubMed, Virtual Health Library/ Latin American and Caribbean Center on Health Sciences Information (VHL/BIREME), Scopus, Web of Science, Excerpta Medica database (EMBASE), Cochrane, ProQuest, and EBSCOhost. The search was carried out from August to October 2021 and updated in December 2022, respecting the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. The selection sequence was: 1) Duplicate title removal; 2) Examination of titles and abstracts; 3) Full-text retrieval of potentially relevant reports; and 4) Evaluation of the full text according to eligibility criteria by two independent authors. Inclusion criteria considered randomized and non-randomized control trials, longitudinal, cross-sectional, and peer-reviewed studies in humans, published in English, Spanish, Italian, and Portuguese, with newborns up to 28 days old who had congenital neuroinfections by toxoplasmosis, rubella, cytomegalovirus, herpes simplex (TORCH), and others such as Treponema pallidum, Zika, parvovirus B-19, varicella zoster, Epstein-Barr, and SARS-CoV2, diagnosed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Two evaluators extracted the following information: author, year of publication, nationality, subjects, study type, methods, results, and conclusion. Data synthesis: The most studied pathogen was herpes simplex. Several articles reported only nonspecific initial symptoms, motivating the collection of cerebrospinal fluid and performing PCR for etiological investigation. Conclusions: Molecular methods are effective to detect pathogen genomes in cerebrospinal fluid, which can impact clinical evolution and neurological prognosis.

RESUMO Objetivo: Verificar a utilização e identificar as vantagens dos métodos moleculares para diagnóstico de infecções congênitas no líquido cefalorraquidiano de neonatos. Fontes de dados: A revisão foi registrada na base PROSPERO (International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews) sob CRD42021274210. A busca bibliográfica foi realizada nas bases de dados PubMed, Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde/ Centro Latino-Americano e do Caribe de Informação em Ciências da Saúde (BVS/BIREME), Scopus, Web of Science, Excerpta Medica database (EMBASE), Cochrane, ProQuest, e EBSCOhost. A busca foi feita no período de agosto a outubro de 2021 e atualizada em dezembro de 2022, respeitando as orientações do Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews e Meta-Analyises (PRISMA). A sequência da seleção dos estudos foi: 1) Remoção de duplicatas; 2) Exame de títulos e resumos; 3) Recuperação dos textos completos potencialmente relevantes; e 4) Avaliação do texto completo conforme critérios de elegibilidade por dois autores independentes. O critério de inclusão considerou ensaios clínicos randomizados e não randomizados, estudos longitudinais, transversais, revisados por pares, estudos em humanos, publicados em inglês, espanhol, italiano e português, com recém-nascidos de até 28 dias que sofreram neuroinfecções congênitas pelos agentes toxoplasmose, rubéola, citomegalovírus, herpes simples (TORCH), e outros como Treponema pallidum, Zika, parvovírus B-19, varicela zoster, Epstein-Barr, e SARS-CoV-2, diagnosticadas por reação em cadeia de polimerase (PCR). Dois avaliadores extraíram as seguintes informações: autor, ano de publicação, nacionalidade, sujeitos, tipo de estudo, métodos, resultados e conclusão. Síntese dos dados: O patógeno mais estudado foi Herpes Simples. Muitos artigos relataram somente sintomas iniciais inespecíficos, motivando a coleta de líquido cefalorraquidiano e realização da PCR para investigação etiológica. Conclusões: Os métodos moleculares são eficazes para detectar o genoma do patógeno no líquido cefalorraquidiano, o que pode impactar na evolução clínica e no prognóstico neurológico.

Chemometrics and analytical blank on the at-line monitoring of Zika-VLP production using near-infrared spectroscopy.

The Zika disease caused by the Zika virus was declared a Public Health Emergency by the World Health Union (WHO), with microcephaly as the most critical consequence. Aiming to reduce the spread of the virus, biopharmaceutical organizations invest in vaccine research and production, based on multiple platforms. A crescent vaccine production approach is based on virus-like particles (VLP), for not having genetic material in its composition, hypoallergenic and non-mutant character. For bioprocess, it is essential to have means of real-time monitoring, which can be assessed using process analysis techniques such as Near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy, that can be combined with chemometric methods, like Partial-Least Squares (PLS) and Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) for prediction of biochemical variables. This work proposes a biochemical Zika VLP upstream production at-line monitoring model using NIR spectroscopy comparing sampling conditions (with or without cells), analytical blank (air, ultrapure water), and spectra pre-processing approaches. Seven experiments in a benchtop bioreactor using recombinant baculovirus/Sf9 insect cell platform in serum-free medium were performed to obtain biochemical and spectral data for chemometrics modeling (PLS and ANN), composed by a random data split (80 % calibration, 20 % validation) for cross-validation of the PLS models and 70 % training, 15 % testing, 15 % validation for ANN. The best models generated in the present work presented an average absolute error of 1.59 × 105 cell/mL for density of viable cells, 2.37 % for cell viability, 0.25 g/L for glucose, 0.007 g/L for lactate, 0.138 g/L for glutamine, 0.18 g/L for glutamate, 0,003 g/L for ammonium, and 0.014 g/L for potassium.

Spatio-temporal distribution of Dengue, Zika and Chikungunya in Cali, Colombia: 2014-2016 / Distribución espaciotemporal de dengue, Zika y Chikunguña en Cali, Colombia: 2014-2016 / Distribuição espaçotemporal de dengue, Zika e Chikungunya em Cali, Colômbia: 2014-2016

Abstract Introduction: Emerging and re-emerging arboviral infections have become a public health challenge in the Americas due to their epidemic potential. Objective: To determine the spatio-temporal distribution of the dengue, Zika, and chikungunya viruses during an epidemic period in Cali, Colombia. Materials and methods: Multi-method descriptive ecological and exploratory study of confirmed and suspected cases reported to the epidemiological surveillance system between 2014 and 2016. Results: 40,168 cases were analyzed, and it was found that dengue was the most frequent arboviral infection (59.2 %). The most affected individuals were women (65 %) and those with a mean age of 34.5 years. Although arboviral infections spread out throughout the city, the three diseases were concentrated in significant groups located at the center-east and northeast areas of Cali (p<0.01; z=-203.7). Conclusions: This study identified critical zones for the three arboviral infections, which are located in areas with low socioeconomic status. Likewise, the results suggest that in addition to eco-epidemiological and bio-psychosocial factors, temperature, precipitation, and the aedic index may play an important role in the spatio-temporal behavior of these diseases. A multidisciplinary and collaborative approach is necessary, which must involve communities and authorities to implement effective control strategies, especially during epidemic periods.

Resumen Introducción: Las arbovirosis emergentes y reemergentes representan un reto de salud pública en las Américas, debido a su potencial epidémico. Objetivo: Determinar la distribución espaciotemporal de los virus del dengue, el Zika y el chikunguña, en un periodo epidémico en Cali. Materiales y métodos: Estudio multimétodo descriptivo y ecológico exploratorio de casos confirmados y presuntos notificados al sistema de vigilancia epidemiológica, entre 2014 y 2016. Resultados: Se analizaron 40.168 casos, se encontró que el dengue fue la arbovirosis más frecuente (59,2 %). Los individuos más afectados tenían una edad media de 34,5 años y eran predominantemente mujeres (65 %). Las arbovirosis se distribuyeron en toda la ciudad, pero se identificaron agrupamientos significativos en el centro-este y noreste de Cali para las tres enfermedades (p<0,01; z=-203,7). Conclusión: Este estudio destaca la identificación de zonas críticas para las tres arbovirosis que se localizan en áreas con rezago socioeconómico. Además, los resultados sugieren que factores eco-epidemiológicos y biopsicosociales adicionales a la temperatura, las precipitaciones y el índice aédico pueden desempeñar un papel importante en el comportamiento espaciotemporal de estas enfermedades. Se recomienda una aproximación multidisciplinaria y colaborativa, involucrando a la comunidad y las autoridades, para implementar estrategias de control efectivas, especialmente durante periodos epidémicos.

Resumo Introdução: Arbovírus emergentes e reemergentes representam um desafio de saúde pública nas Américas, devido ao seu potencial epidêmico. Objetivo: Determinar a distribuição espaço-temporal dos vírus dengue, Zika e chikungunya, em período epidêmico em Cali. Materiais e métodos: Estudo multimetodo, descritivo e ecológico exploratório de casos confirmados e suspeitos notificados ao sistema de vigilância epidemiológica, entre 2014 e 2016. Resultados: foram analisados 40.168 casos, constatou-se que a dengue foi a arbovirose mais frequente (59,2 %). Os indivíduos mais acometidos tinham idade média de 34,5 anos e eram predominantemente mulheres (65 %). Os arbovírus foram distribuídos por toda a cidade, mas foram identificados aglomerados significativos no centro-leste e nordeste de Cali para as três doenças (p<0,01; z=-203,7). Conclusão: Este estudo destaca a identificação de zonas críticas para as três arboviroses que estão localizadas em áreas com atraso socioeconômico. Além disso, os resultados sugerem que fatores eco-epidemiológicos e biopsicossociais adicionais à temperatura, à precipitação e ao índice aedico podem desempenhar um papel importante no comportamento espaço-temporal destas doenças. Recomenda-se uma abordagem multidisciplinar e colaborativa, envolvendo a comunidade e as autoridades, para implementar estratégias de controlo eficazes, especialmente durante períodos epidémicos.

Boletim epidemiológico: monitoramento dos casos de arboviroses em Goiás da semana epidemiológica 01 a 50 de 2024 / Epidemiological bulletin: monitoring of arbovirus cases in Goiás from epidemiological week 01 to 50 of 2024

As arboviroses transmitidas pelo mosquito Aedes aegypt são um dos principais problemas de saúde pública no Estado de Goiás. O boletim epidemiológico das arboviroses tem o objetivo de apresentar a situação epidemiológica dos casos no estado, utilizando como fonte de dados os registros de casos suspeitos e confirmados ocorridos nos últimos anos, disponíveis no SINAN Online e SINAN Net também são apresentados dados relativos à síndrome congênita associada à infecção peli Zika vírus, disponíveis no Sistema de Registro de Eventos em Saúde Pública (RESP) - Microcefalias

Arboviruses transmitted by the Aedes aegypt mosquito are one of the main public health problems in the State of Goiás. The arboiross epidemiological bulletin aims to present the epidemiological situation of cases in the state, using records of suspected and confirmed cases as a data source. occurred in recent years, available on SINan Online and SINAN Net, data relating to congenital syndrome associated with Zika virus infection, available on the Public Health Event Registration System (RESP) - Microcephaly, is also presented

Boletim epidemiológico: monitoramento dos casos de arboviroses em Goiás da semana epidemiológica 01 a 47 de 2024 / Epidemiological bulletin: monitoring of arbovirus cases in Goiás from epidemiological week 01 to 47 of 2024

As arboviroses transmitidas pelo mosquito Aedes aegypt são um dos principais problemas de saúde pública no Estado de Goiás. O boletim epidemiológico das arboviroses tem o objetivo de apresentar a situação epidemiológica dos casos no estado, utilizando como fonte de dados os registros de casos suspeitos e confirmados ocorridos nos últimos anos, disponíveis no SINAN Online e SINAN Net também são apresentados dados relativos à síndrome congênita associada à infecção peli Zika vírus, disponíveis no Sistema de Registro de Eventos em Saúde Pública (RESP) ­ Microcefalias

Arboviruses transmitted by the Aedes aegypt mosquito are one of the main public health problems in the State of Goiás. The arboiross epidemiological bulletin aims to present the epidemiological situation of cases in the state, using records of suspected and confirmed cases as a data source. occurred in recent years, available on SINan Online and SINAN Net, data relating to congenital syndrome associated with Zika virus infection, available on the Public Health Event Registration System (RESP) - Microcephaly, is also presented

Estrategias y prácticas de comunicación efectivas sobre el dengue y otras enfermedades arbovirales: Revisión sistemática

La comunicación en salud ha demostrado desempeñar un papel crucial en el abordaje de enfermedades como el dengue, el zika y la chikunguña, para las cuales no existen vacunas definitivas o de fácil acceso. En este contexto, dicha disciplina se convierte en una herramienta fundamental para fomentar el cambio de comportamiento y promover prácticas preventivas que reduzcan la transmisión de estas enfermedades. Al no contar con una solución médica definitiva, la información precisa y oportuna, difundida de manera eficaz a través de campañas educativas, medios de comunicación y canales de salud pública, puede influir significativamente en las acciones individuales y comunitarias para controlar la propagación de estos virus transmitidos por mosquitos. La investigación acumulada en torno a la amenaza de las enfermedades arbovirales mencionadas reúne una serie de recomendaciones en torno a actividades de comunicación específicas, tales como difundir información oportuna y precisa que integre las preocupaciones de salud pública y las necesidades de información de la población, especialmente de los grupos vulnerables como las mujeres en edad fértil, las embarazadas y los trabajadores de la salud. Además, su propuesta pasa por continuar con las iniciativas para fomentar cambios de comportamiento, así como la movilización social y la participación comunitaria, con miras a controlar el vector y eliminar sus criaderos, al tiempo que se mantiene al público informado sobre los riesgos de la infección, los procesos de salud pública en curso y las investigaciones en desarrollo. El presente trabajo propone adoptar un enfoque gubernamental unificado y coherente de la comunicación estratégica y operativa, involucrando a socios y aliados del sector no gubernamental. Esto implica definir e instrumentar un sistema que garantice la coherencia de los mensajes entre el gobierno nacional y las autoridades sanitarias locales, así como desarrollar guías de contenido dirigidas a obtener mensajes unificados y definir protocolos para la liberación de información pública en situaciones de emergencias de salud, como la propagación del dengue y otras enfermedades causadas por arbovirus. En resumen, se busca una comunicación integral, coordinada y basada en evidencia para enfrentar eficazmente la emergencia de salud pública que representan las enfermedades arbovirales.

Revisión sistemática viva de las manifestaciones clínicas de la fiebre de Oropouche: claves para diferenciarla del dengue y otras arbovirosis / Key clinical manifestations to differentiate Oropouche fever from dengue and other arboviral diseases: a living systematic review / Revisão sistemática viva das manifestações clínicas da febre do Oropouche: características-chave para diferenciá-la da dengue e de outras arboviroses

[RESUMEN]. Objetivos. Evaluar la frecuencia de los síntomas en pacientes con oropouche y compararlos con los observados en el dengue y otras arbovirosis. Métodos. Se realizó una revisión sistemática basada en MOOSE y PRISMA; se incluyeron estudios sobre manifestaciones clínicas agudas en pacientes con oropouche. La búsqueda incluyó las bases de datos PubMed, Biblioteca Virtual en Salud, Cochrane Library y Google Scholar hasta septiembre de 2024. Se compararon los síntomas del oropouche con los del dengue y otras arbovirosis, y se valoró la certeza con el enfoque GRADE. Resultados. Se incluyeron 23 estudios con 3 648 pacientes con oropouche. Los síntomas más frecuentes en pacientes con oropouche fueron fiebre (97%) y cefaleas (86%). No hubo diferencias en la frecuencia de fiebre ni cefaleas entre pacientes con oropouche y dengue. Sin embargo, la odinofagia (28%) y el dolor abdominal (15%) fueron más frecuentes en el oropouche que en el dengue (OR 3,20 y 2,50, respectivamente). Las mialgias (69%) y las artralgias (57%) fueron menos frecuentes en los pacientes con oropouche en comparación con el dengue. Conclusiones. La fiebre y las cefaleas son frecuentes en la fiebre de Oropouche, pero no ayudan a diferenciarlo del dengue. En cambio, la odinofagia y el dolor abdominal son más frecuentes en los pacientes con oropouche, mientras que las mialgias, las artralgias y el exantema prevalecen más en el dengue. Estos hallazgos pueden ayudar en el diagnóstico diferencial en áreas de cocirculación arboviral. Se requieren estudios adicionales sobre la recurrencia y la duración de los síntomas para mejorar las estrategias diagnósticas.

[ABSTRACT]. Objectives. To assess the frequency of symptoms in patients with Oropouche fever and compare them with those observed in patients with dengue and other arboviral diseases. Methods. A systematic review was conducted following the MOOSE and PRISMA reporting guidelines. The review included studies on acute clinical manifestations in patients with Oropouche fever. Searches were conducted in PubMed, Virtual Health Library, Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar up to September 2024. The symptoms of Oropouche fever were compared to those of dengue and other arboviral diseases. Certainty of evidence was assessed using the GRADE approach. Results. A total of 23 studies covering 3648 patients with Oropouche fever were included. The most frequent symptoms in patients with Oropouche virus infection were fever (97%) and headache (86%). There was no difference in frequency of fever or headache between patients with Oropouche and dengue. However, odynophagia (28%) and abdominal pain (15%) were more frequent in Oropouche than in dengue, with odds ratios (ORs) of 3.20 and 2.50, respectively. Myalgia (69%) and arthralgia (57%) were less frequent in Oropouche fever than in dengue. Conclusions. Fever and headache are common in Oropouche virus infection, but do not help discriminate it from dengue. However, odynophagia and abdominal pain are more frequent in patients with Oropouche fever, while myalgia, arthralgia, and rash are more prevalent in dengue. These findings may aid in differential diagnosis in areas of arboviral co-circulation. Further studies on the recurrence and duration of symptoms are needed to improve diagnostic strategies.

[RESUMO]. Objetivos. Avaliar a frequência de sintomas em pacientes com febre do Oropouche e compará-los aos observados na dengue e em outras arboviroses. Métodos. Revisão sistemática, com base nas diretrizes MOOSE e PRISMA, incluindo estudos sobre manifestações clínicas agudas em pacientes com febre do Oropouche. A busca incluiu as bases de dados PubMed, Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde, Cochrane Library e Google Scholar e recuperou documentos publicados até setembro de 2024. Os sintomas da febre do Oropouche foram comparados com os da dengue e de outras arboviroses, e a certeza foi avaliada usando a abordagem GRADE. Resultados. Foram incluídos 23 estudos com 3 648 pacientes com a febre do Oropouche. Os sintomas mais frequentes nesses pacientes foram febre (97%) e cefaleia (86%). Não houve diferença na frequência de febre e cefaleia entre os pacientes com febre do Oropouche e com dengue. No entanto, a odinofagia (28%) e a dor abdominal (15%) foram mais frequentes na febre do Oropouche que na dengue (razões de chances de 3,20 e 2,50, respectivamente). Mialgias (69%) e artralgias (57%) foram menos frequentes em pacientes com febre do Oropouche que em pacientes com dengue. Conclusões. Febre e cefaleia são comuns na febre de Oropouche, mas não ajudam a diferenciá-la da dengue. Por outro lado, odinofagia e dor abdominal são mais frequentes nos pacientes com febre do Oropouche, ao passo que mialgia, artralgia e exantema são mais prevalentes na dengue. Esses achados podem ajudar no diagnóstico diferencial em áreas de cocirculação de arbovírus. São necessários mais estudos sobre a recorrência e a duração dos sintomas para aprimorar as estratégias de diagnóstico.

Boletim epidemiológico: monitoramento dos casos de arboviroses em Goiás da semana epidemiológica 01 a 41 de 2024 / Epidemiological bulletin: monitoring of arbovirus cases in Goiás from epidemiological week 01 to 41 of 2024

As arboviroses transmitidas pelo mosquito Aedes aegypt são um dos principais problemas de saúde pública no Estado de Goiás. O boletim epidemiológico das arboviroses tem o objetivo de apresentar a situação epidemiológica dos casos no estado, utilizando como fonte de dados os registros de casos suspeitos e confirmados ocorridos nos últimos anos, disponíveis no SINAN Online e SINAN Net também são apresentados dados relativos à síndrome congênita associada à infecção peli Zika vírus, disponíveis no Sistema de Registro de Eventos em Saúde Pública (RESP) - Microcefalias

Arboviruses transmitted by the Aedes aegypt mosquito are one of the main public health problems in the State of Goiás. The arboiross epidemiological bulletin aims to present the epidemiological situation of cases in the state, using records of suspected and confirmed cases as a data source. occurred in recent years, available on SINan Online and SINAN Net, data relating to congenital syndrome associated with Zika virus infection, available on the Public Health Event Registration System (RESP) - Microcephaly, is also presented

Revisão sistemática rápida: Efetividade da estratégia Wolbachia para enfrentamento às arboviroses / Rapid review: effectiveness of the Wolbachia strategy for arbovirus control / Revisión sistemática rápida: efectividad de la estrategia de control con Wolbachia en la lucha contra las arbovirosis

[RESUMO]. Objetivo. Identificar e sintetizar evidências sobre efetividade e custo-efetividade da metodologia Aedes com Wolbachia para redução dos casos de arboviroses. Método. Revisão sistemática rápida, com busca realizada em fevereiro de 2022 em cinco portais de busca e bases de dados bibliográficas online. As etapas de seleção foram conduzidas por dois revisores, com resolução de conflitos por um terceiro. A extração dos dados foi feita por um revisor e conferida posteriormente por outro. Os critérios de inclusão foram estudos com descrição de custo-efetividade e efetividade da metodologia Aedes com Wolbachia, a partir de intervenções em campo, publicados nos idiomas português, inglês e espanhol, sem restrição de data de publicação. Resultados. Foram incluídos quatro estudos, sendo um ensaio randomizado em cluster, dois quaseexperimental e um antes-depois, publicados entre 2019 e 2021 em quatro países. Os estudos encontrados tiveram resultados efetivos em alguns dos desfechos avaliados, como na diminuição da incidência de casos de dengue, Zika e chikungunya. Apesar de não terem sido identificados estudos experimentais abordando custo-efetividade da estratégia Aedes com Wolbachia, alguns estudos de modelagem demonstraram um potencial custo-benefício desta estratégia. Conclusão. Considerando os resultados apresentados, conclui-se que a Wolbachia apresenta potencial para ser uma estratégia economicamente efetiva e que leva à redução da incidência de casos de dengue, Zika e chikungunya. Apesar disso, não é possível, todavia, recomendar a estratégia como política pública, pois ainda são necessários mais estudos de grande porte e de alta qualidade metodológica para subsidiar a tomada de decisão política.

[ABSTRACT]. Objective. To identify and synthesize evidence of the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of the Wolbachia- Aedes methodology for reducing cases of arboviral infection. Methodology. Rapid systematic review. A search of five online portals and bibliographic databases was conducted in February 2022. Two reviewers conducted the selection stages, with any disagreements resolved by a third investigator. Data were extracted by one reviewer and subsequently checked by another. The inclusion criteria were studies describing the cost-effectiveness and effectiveness of the Wolbachia-Aedes methodology, based on field interventions, published in Portuguese, English, and Spanish, with no restrictions on date of publication. Results. Four studies were included: one cluster randomized trial, two quasi-experimental studies, and one pre-post study, published between 2019 and 2021 in four countries. The included studies reported effectiveness for some of the outcomes of interest, such as a reduction in the incidence of dengue, Zika, and chikungunya cases. Although no experimental studies addressing the cost-effectiveness of the Wolbachia- Aedes strategy were identified, some modeling studies have demonstrated potential cost-benefit of this methodology. Conclusion. Considering the results of the included studies, Wolbachia has the potential to be an economically effective strategy that leads to reductions in the incidence of dengue, Zika, and chikungunya. Nevertheless, this strategy cannot yet be recommended as a public policy; additional large-scale studies with high methodological quality are still needed to inform political decision-making.

[RESUMEN]. Objetivo. Señalar y sintetizar la evidencia sobre efectividad y costo-efectividad de la metodología de control de Aedes con Wolbachia para reducir los casos de arbovirosis. Método. Revisión sistemática rápida, con una búsqueda realizada en febrero del 2022 en cinco portales de búsqueda y bases de datos bibliográficas en línea. Las fases de selección estuvieron a cargo de dos revisores y la resolución de conflictos se asignó a un tercero. Un revisor extrajo los datos y luego otro los verificó. Los criterios de inclusión fueron: estudios que describieran la efectividad y la relación costo-efectividad de la metodología de control de Aedes con Wolbachia, basados en intervenciones sobre el terreno, publicados en portugués, inglés o español, sin restricciones en cuanto a la fecha de publicación. Resultados. Se incluyeron cuatro estudios, un ensayo aleatorizado por conglomerados, dos estudios cuasiexperimentales y uno de tipo antes-después, publicados entre el 2019 y el 2021 en cuatro países. En los estudios se obtuvieron resultados de efectividad en algunos de los criterios de valoración evaluados, como la reducción de la incidencia de casos de dengue, enfermedad de Zika y chikunguña. Aunque no se han encontrado estudios experimentales que aborden la costo-efectividad de la estrategia de control de Aedes con Wolbachia, algunos estudios de modelización han demostrado el posible costo-beneficio de esta estrategia. Conclusión. Teniendo en cuenta los resultados presentados, se puede concluir que la estrategia de control con Wolbachia tiene potencial para ser económicamente efectiva y conducir a una reducción de la incidencia de casos de dengue, enfermedad de Zika y chikunguña. Sin embargo, a pesar de ello, no es posible recomendar la estrategia como política pública, puesto que se requieren todavía más estudios a gran escala y de gran calidad metodológica para apoyar la toma de decisiones en materia de políticas.

Saxitoxin potentiates human neuronal cell death induced by Zika virus while sparing neural progenitors and astrocytes.

The Zika virus (ZIKV) epidemic declared in Brazil between 2015 and 2016 was associated with an increased prevalence of severe congenital malformations, including microcephaly. The distribution of microcephaly cases was not uniform across the country, with a disproportionately higher incidence in the Northeast region (NE). Our previous work demonstrated that saxitoxin (STX), a toxin present in the drinking water reservoirs of the NE, exacerbated the damaging effects of ZIKV on the developing brain. We hypothesized that the impact of STX might vary among different neural cell types. While ZIKV infection caused severe damages on astrocytes and neural stem cells (NSCs), the addition of STX did not exacerbate these effects. We observed that neurons subjected to STX exposure were more prone to apoptosis and displayed higher ZIKV infection rate. These findings suggest that STX exacerbates the harmful effects of ZIKV on neurons, thereby providing a plausible explanation for the heightened severity of ZIKV-induced congenital malformations observed in Brazil's NE. This study highlights the importance of understanding the interactive effects of environmental toxins and infectious pathogens on neural development, with potential implications for public health policies.

Structural and dynamics characterization of the Zika virus NS2B using nuclear magnetic resonance and RosettaMP: A challenge for transmembrane protein studies.

Zika virus (ZIKV) is an emergent flavivirus that represents a global public health concern due to its association with severe neurological disorders. NS2B is a multifunctional viral membrane protein primarily used to regulate viral protease activity and is crucial for virus replication, making it an appealing target for antiviral drugs. This study presents the structural elucidation of full-length ZIKV NS2B in sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) micelles using solution nuclear magnetic resonance experimental data and RosettaMP. The protein structure has four transmembrane α-helices, two amphipathic α-helices, and a ß-hairpin in the hydrophilic region. NS2B presented secondary and tertiary stability in different concentrations of SDS. Furthermore, we studied the dynamics of NS2B in SDS micelles through relaxation parameters and paramagnetic relaxation enhancement experiments. The findings were consistent with the structural calculations. Our work will be essential in understanding the role of NS2B in viral replication and screening for inhibitors against ZIKV.

The ApoA1-mimetic peptide 4F blocks flavivirus NS1-triggered endothelial dysfunction and protects against lethal dengue virus challenge.

Flavivirus infections result in a variety of outcomes, from clinically inapparent infections to severe, sometimes fatal cases characterized by hemorrhagic manifestations and vascular leakage leading to shock (dengue), meningomyeloencephalitis (West Nile), and congenital abnormalities (Zika). Although there are approved vaccines against several flaviviruses, potentially enhancing cross-reactive immune responses have complicated the development and implementation of vaccines against dengue and Zika viruses, and no specific therapeutics currently exist. The flavivirus nonstructural protein 1 (NS1) is a promising antiviral target because it is a conserved multifunctional virulence factor that directly triggers vascular leak. We previously showed that interactions between NS1 and the ApoA1 lipoprotein modulate DENV infection. Here, we evaluated the potential of the ApoA1-mimetic peptide, 4F, to interfere with endothelial dysfunction mediated by the NS1 protein of dengue, Zika, and West Nile flaviviruses. In an in vitro model consisting of human endothelial cell monolayers, 4F inhibited NS1-induced hyperpermeability, as measured by a transendothelial electrical resistance assay, and prevented NS1-triggered disruption of the endothelial glycocalyx layer. We also demonstrate that treatment with 4F inhibited NS1 interaction with endothelial cells. Finally, we show that 4F protects against lethal DENV challenge in a mouse model, reducing morbidity and mortality in a dose-dependent manner. Our data demonstrate the potential of 4F to inhibit flavivirus NS1-mediated pathology and severe dengue disease in mice and suggest that 4F can also serve as a molecular tool to probe different NS1 functions in vitro and in vivo.

The silent invaders: Oropouche and Melao viruses, causes of increased public health risks for the Americas.

The Oropouche virus (OROV) is emerging as a major public health threat worldwide, yet for the Americas, it raises complex challenges that intersect with other existing arboviral threats such as Zika (ZIKV), dengue (DENV) and Chikungunya (CHIKV) viruses. Originating from Trinidad and Tobago in 1955, it has spread across the Amazonian Basin and more recently into the Caribbean (Cuba and Haiti) and Europe, highlighting the importance of air travel in its dissemination. OROV and the less studied Melao virus (MELV), pose significant laboratory diagnostic challenges particularly in regions co-endemic with other arboviral diseases, such as dengue and Zika fever. The effects of climate change, particularly in the Caribbean, may exacerbate the transmission of these viruses by exposing human exposure risk to vectors. Public health systems in the Americas are under strain due to complex clinical management of these infections necessitating enhanced surveillance, clinical vigilance, diagnostics and vector control. Vulnerable populations, including pregnant women, elderly, and young children, are at a heightened risk, which raises concerns about the impact on medical tourism in the region. To mitigate the spread and impact of OROV and MELV, recommendations include increased clinical surveillance, improved laboratory diagnostics, public health communication, and strengthened vector controls. Robust research and capacity building (including training and education) efforts are essential to address knowledge gaps and effectively manage future OROV and MELV outbreaks in the Americas.

¿Cual es el efecto del calentamiento global en la incidencia de enfermedades vectoriales y zoonóticas? Síntesis Rápida de Evidencia. Analitica / What is the effect of global warming on the incidence of vector-borne and zoonotic diseases? Rapid synthesis evidence. Analytical

ANTECEDENTES Y OBJETIVOS: Las enfermedades vectoriales y zoonóticas se transmiten por mosquitos u otros animales. A raíz del cambio climático se ha visto una modificación en su dinámica. En este contexto el Departamento de Gestión Territorial ha solicitado una síntesis con el objetivo de conocer el efecto del calentamiento global en la incidencia de casos para Chile. METODOLOGIA: Se realizó la búsqueda en las bases de datos MEDLINE, EMBASE y EBM utilizando conceptos "global warming", "rodent-borne", "pathologies transmitted", "climate-sensitive diseases"; el 5 de agosto del 2024, dos revisores independientes seleccionaron los estudios que respondieron a la pregunta basándose en criterios de inclusión y exclusión acordados. La extracción de cada artículo la realizó una persona. Para resumir los resultados y valorar la certeza de la evidencia se utilizó la metodología GRADE. RESULTADOS: Con alta certeza de la evidencia, el aumento de 1°C de temperatura aumenta la incidencia de dengue en un 13 %, lo cual puede aumentar a 20% si es que se analiza exclusivamente áreas de clima subtropical húmedo Con alta certeza de la evidencia, se observa que el aumento de 1°C de temperatura en regiones templadas aumenta un 52% la razón de tasa de incidencia del virus del nilo occidental Si bien, el aumento de casos de dengue y VNO podría ser trivial, el impacto para el sistema de salud chileno podría ser relevante por su infrecuencia. Para el resto de las asociaciones entre eventos climáticos y enfermedades vectoriales, se observo que el aumento de la temperatura o de precipitaciones y el calentamiento global, podría aumentar la incidencia de Malaria, Zika y Chikungunya, mentiras que las sequías podrían relacionarse con el dengue . De todos modos, la evidencia es limitada y existe alta incertidumbre respecto a estas asociaciones No está clara la asociación entre Puumala Hantavirus y el calentamiento global. Es necesario fortalecer los sistemas de vigilancia de estas patologías, adaptando métodos sensibles a los diferentes hábitats de Chile, considerando factores climáticos y sociales de cada región

Boletim epidemiológico: monitoramento dos casos de arboviroses em Goiás da semana epidemiológica 01 a 36 de 2024 / Epidemiological bulletin: monitoring of arbovirus cases in Goiás from epidemiological week 01 to 36 of 2024

As arboviroses transmitidas pelo mosquito Aedes aegypt são um dos principais problemas de saúde pública no Estado de Goiás. O boletim epidemiológico das arboiross tem o objetivo de apresentar a situação epidemiológica dos casos no estado, utilizando como fonte de dados os registros de casos suspeitos e confirmados ocorridos nos últimos anos, disponíveis no SINan Online e SINAN Net também são apresentados dados relativos à síndrome congênita associada à infecção peli Zika vírus, disponíveis no Sistema de Registro de Eventos em Saúde Pública (RESP) - Microcefalias

Arboviruses transmitted by the Aedes aegypt mosquito are one of the main public health problems in the State of Goiás. The arboiross epidemiological bulletin aims to present the epidemiological situation of cases in the state, using records of suspected and confirmed cases as a data source. occurred in recent years, available on SINan Online and SINAN Net, data relating to congenital syndrome associated with Zika virus infection, available on the Public Health Event Registration System (RESP) - Microcephaly, is also presented

Zika Virus NS1 Protein Detection Using Gold Nanoparticle-Assisted Dynamic Light Scattering.

The Zika virus (ZIKV) is a global health threat due to its rapid spread and severe health implications, including congenital abnormalities and neurological complications. Differentiating ZIKV from other arboviruses such as dengue virus (DENV) is crucial for effective diagnosis and treatment. This study presents the development of a biosensor for detecting the ZIKV non-structural protein 1 (NS1) using gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) functionalized with monoclonal antibodies employing dynamic light scattering (DLS). The biosensor named ZINS1-mAb-AuNP exhibited specific binding to the ZIKV NS1 protein, demonstrating high colloidal stability indicated by a hydrodynamic diameter (DH) of 140 nm, detectable via DLS. In the absence of the protein, the high ionic strength medium caused particle aggregation. This detection method showed good sensitivity and specificity, with a limit of detection (LOD) of 0.96 µg mL-1, and avoided cross-reactivity with DENV2 NS1 and SARS-CoV-2 spike proteins. The ZINS1-mAb-AuNP biosensor represents a promising tool for the early and accurate detection of ZIKV, facilitating diagnostic and treatment capabilities for arboviral infections.

Zika virus and brain cancer: Can Zika be an effective treatment for brain cancer? A systematic review.

INTRODUCTION: Many studies have highlighted the use of oncolytic viruses as a new class of therapeutic agents for central nervous system (CNS) tumors, especially glioblastomas (GMB). Zika Virus (ZIKV) proteins targeted to specific stem cells have been studied in vitro and animal models with promising results. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A systematic review was evaluated the efficacy and safety of the ZIKV use for CNS tumors treatment. Data were extracted and the in vivo studies were evaluated using the Robins-I tool. We assessed bias in each study using criteria such as selection bias, performance bias, detection bias, attrition bias, reporting bias, and others. According to Cochrane guidelines, bias was classified as high, low, or uncertain. High bias occurred when studies did not meet the criteria. Low bias was assigned when criteria were clearly met. Uncertain bias reflected insufficient information for a clear classification. RESULTS: The 14 included studies shown that ZIKV reduced cell viability or inhibited the growth, proliferation of glioma stem cells (GSCs), and Bcl2 expression - which could potentially enhance the effect of chemotherapy/radiotherapy; caused cytopathic effects, induced tumor cell damage, manifested oncolytic properties, and even selectively safely killed GSCs; ultimately, it led to significant tumor remission and enhanced long-term survival through enhanced T-cell response. CONCLUSIONS: Although current evidence suggests ZIKV as a promising treatment for CNS tumors and may improve survival when combined with surgery and radiotherapy. Despite limited human evidence, it shows potential benefits. Further research is needed to confirm safety, efficacy, and optimize treatment in humans.

(Re-)Emergence of Oropouche Virus (OROV) Infections: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies.

Oropouche Virus (OROV; genus of Orthobunyavirus) is the causal agent of Oropouche Fever (OF). Due to the lack of specific signs and symptoms and the limited availability of diagnostic tests, the actual epidemiology of OROV infections and OF has been extensively disputed. In this systematic review with meta-analysis, a literature search was carried out in PubMed, Scopus, EMBASE, and MedRxiv in order to retrieve relevant articles on the documented occurrence of OROV infections. Pooled detection rates were then calculated for anti-OROV antibodies and virus detection (i.e., viral RNA detected by viral cultures and/or real-time polymerase chain reaction [RT-qPCR]). Where available, detection rates for other arboviruses (i.e., Dengue [DENV], Chikungunya [CHKV], and Zika Virus [ZIKV]) were calculated and compared to those for OROV. A total of 47 studies from South America and the Caribbean were retrieved. In individuals affected by febrile illness during OROV outbreaks, a documented prevalence of 0.45% (95% confidence interval [95%CI] 0.16 to 1.12) for virus isolation, 12.21% (95%CI 4.96 to 27.09) for seroprevalence (including both IgM and IgG class antibodies), and 12.45% (95%CI 3.28 to 37.39) for the detection of OROV-targeting IgM class antibodies were eventually documented. In the general population, seroprevalence was estimated to be 24.45% (95%CI 7.83 to 55.21) for IgG class antibodies. The OROV detection rate from the cerebrospinal fluids of suspected cases of viral encephalitis was estimated to be 2.40% (95%CI 1.17 to 5.03). The occurrence of OROV infections was consistently lower than that of DENV, CHKV, and ZIKV during outbreaks (Risk Ratio [RR] 24.82, 95%CI 21.12 to 29.16; RR 2.207, 95%CI 1.427 to 3.412; and RR 7.900, 95%CI 5.386 to 11.578, respectively) and in the general population (RR 23.614, 95%CI 20.584 to 27.129; RR 3.103, 95%CI 2.056 to 4.685; and RR 49.500, 95%CI 12.256 to 199.921, respectively). In conclusion, our study stresses the possibly high underestimation of OROV prevalence in the general population of South America, the potential global threat represented by this arbovirus infection, and the potential preventive role of a comprehensive "One Health approach".

Raman laser intensity and sample clarification on biochemical monitoring over Zika-VLP upstream stages.

In the current biopharmaceutical scenario, constant bioprocess monitoring is crucial for the quality and integrity of final products. Thus, process analytical techniques, such as those based on Raman spectroscopy, have been used as multiparameter tracking methods in pharma bioprocesses, which can be combined with chemometric tools, like Partial Least Squares (PLS) and Artificial Neural Networks (ANN). In some cases, applying spectra pre-processing techniques before modeling can improve the accuracy of chemometric model fittings to observed values. One of the biological applications of these techniques could have as a target the virus-like particles (VLP), a vaccine production platform for viral diseases. A disease that has drawn attention in recent years is Zika, with large-scale production sometimes challenging without an appropriate monitoring approach. This work aimed to define global models for Zika VLP upstream production monitoring with Raman considering different laser intensities (200 mW and 495 mW), sample clarification (with or without cells), spectra pre-processing approaches, and PLS and ANN modeling techniques. Six experiments were performed in a benchtop bioreactor to collect the Raman spectral and biochemical datasets for modeling calibration. The best models generated presented a mean absolute error and mean relative error respectively of 3.46 × 105 cell/mL and 35 % for viable cell density (Xv); 4.1 % and 5 % for cell viability (CV); 0.245 g/L and 3 % for glucose (Glc); 0.006 g/L and 18 % for lactate (Lac); 0.115 g/L and 26 % for glutamine (Gln); 0.132 g/L and 18 % for glutamate (Glu); 0.0029 g/L and 3 % for ammonium (NH4+); and 0.0103 g/L and 2 % for potassium (K+). Sample without conditioning (with cells) improved the models' adequacy, except for Glutamine. ANN better predicted CV, Gln, Glu, and K+, while Xv, Glc, Lac, and NH4+ presented no statistical difference between the chemometric tools. For most of the assessed experimental parameters, there was no statistical need for spectra pre-filtering, for which the models based on the raw spectra were selected as the best ones. Laser intensity impacts quality model predictions in some parameters, Xv, Gln, and K+ had a better performance with 200 mW of intensity (for PLS, ANN, and ANN, respectively), for CV the 495 mW laser intensity was better (for PLS), and for the other biochemical variables, the use of 200 or 495 mW did not impact model fitting adequacy.