Gerontological educational interventions for student nurses: a systematic review of qualitative findings.

OBJECTIVES: This systematic review of qualitative studies explored interventions to improve student nurses' knowledge, attitudes or willingness to work with older people. Student nurses are likely to encounter older people in all health and aged care settings, however, research demonstrates that few have career aspirations in gerontological nursing. METHODS: Qualitative systematic review method based on the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions. RESULTS: Search of Medline, Embase, PsycINFO, EBSCOhost and Scopus yielded 1841 articles which were screened to include primary research about educational interventions to improve student nurses' knowledge, attitudes and/or willingness to work with older people. Data extraction was performed on the 14 included studies, and data were analysed using directed content analysis. The Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool (MMAT) was used the assess the quality of the studies. CONCLUSIONS: Educational interventions included theory or practice courses, or a combination of theory and practice. While most interventions changed nursing students' negative attitudes towards older people, few increased their willingness to work with them. Practice courses had the most significant impact on willingness to work with older people. Quality assessment revealed methodical limitations. More research is needed to better understand the elements of practice interventions that enhance student nurses' knowledge, attitudes, and willingness to work with older people, so that they can be replicated.

The mediating role of perceived social support between work-family conflict and presenteeism among ICU nurses working shift work in Chinese public hospitals: A cross-sectional investigation.

OBJECTIVE: Relative to explicit absenteeism, nurses' presenteeism has a more lasting impact and is more harmful and costly. This study aimed to explore the relationship between work-family conflict, perceived social support, and presenteeism and whether perceived social support mediates the relationship between work-family conflict and presenteeism among ICU nurses working on shifts in Chinese public hospitals. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A cross-sectional research design was conducted from January to April 2023 in Sichuan Province, China. A total of 609 valid questionnaires were collected. The questionnaires contained information on demographic characteristics, the Work-Family Conflict (WFC) scale, the Perceived Social Support Scale (PSSS), and Stanford Presenteeism Scale-6 (SPS-6). Multiple stratified regression was used to explore the mediating role of perceived social support between work-family conflict and presenteeism. The mediating effect of perceived social support in work-family conflict and presenteeism was tested by Model 4 in the PROCESS 4.1 macro program in SPSS. RESULTS: A total of 609 nurses were included in this study, and the mean presenteeism score for ICU nurses working on shifts was 16.01 ± 4.293 (Mean ± SD), with high presenteeism accounting for 58.46%. After controlling for sociodemographic characteristic variables, work-family conflict was positively associated with presenteeism, explaining 7.7% of the variance. High perceived social support was related to low presenteeism, explaining 11.5% of the variance. Perceived social support mediated the association between work-family conflict and presenteeism among ICU nurses working on shifts. CONCLUSIONS: Chinese shift-work ICU nurses' high presenteeism scores deserve managers' attention. Work-family conflict is a significant predictor of nurses' presenteeism. Perceived social support is essential in improving nurses' work-family conflict and mediates the relationship between work-family conflict and presenteeism. Improving social support can reduce the impact of work-family conflict on presenteeism among nurses working shifts.

Nurses valued domains of living: Exploring gender differences.

This study explores gender-specific aspects of nurses' valued domains of living, examining differences in importance and consistency between male and female nurses in Jordanian hospitals. A cross-sectional study recruited 206 nurses (103 females, 103 males) from two major hospitals in Jordan. Data were collected using a demographics questionnaire and the Valued Living Questionnaire (VLQ), assessing 10 domains of living. The mean age of the sample was 35.4, ranging between 27 and 59 years old. The highest rank order valued domain of living for females was family, with 88.3% of females considering it a very important living domain. Parenting was the highest-ranked domain of living for males, with 76.7% reporting it as a very important domain of living. Significant gender differences were found in valued domains' rank order, importance, and consistency. Female nurses prioritized work, education/training, spirituality, and citizenship/community more than males, while males prioritized marriage/couples/intimate relations. Females consistently aligned actions with values related to work, education/training, spirituality, and citizenship/community. Parenting emerged as a problematic valued domain, particularly for females. Understanding gender differences in nurses' valued domains is essential for creating equitable and supportive work environments. Tailored interventions should address gender-specific needs and challenges, promoting workplace satisfaction and improving patient outcomes. Future research should explore factors contributing to gender differences and evaluate interventions promoting gender equity and diversity in nursing.

The risk factors for burnout among nurses: An investigation study.

The objective of this investigation study is to examine the levels of burnout and work engagement among nurses working on the front lines of the COVID-19 pandemic. Additionally, we aim to analyze the risk factors associated with nurse burnout. This investigation study included a sample of 1764 registered nurses from 6 tertiary comprehensive hospitals in Wuhan. A total of 1800 questionnaires were distributed via email between January 2021 and July 2021, and 1764 completed questionnaires were returned. Nurses who had been on the front lines of the COVID-19 fight for more than six months were included in the study. The Maslach Burnout Inventory-General Survey (MBI-GS) scale was utilized to assess burnout levels among all nurses. Work engagement was measured using the Utrecht Work Engagement Scale (UWES). The general health of the nurses was evaluated using the General Health Questionnaire-12 (GHQ-12) score. Demographic and clinical data, including age, sex, hospital, department, education, years of experience, daily overtime, weekly rest time, number of night shifts per month, smoking or drinking habits, marital status, etc, were also collected. Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS 25.0. The GHQ-12 scores in the FC group were significantly higher than those in the non-frontline COVID-19 (NFC) group. Compared to the average value of the 2 groups, we found that the dimension 2 average value of UWES in NFC group (3.52 ±â€…1.07) were remarkably higher than that in FC group (3.40 ±â€…1.08, P < .05). Furthermore, the dimension 1 (emotional exhaustion) average value and dimension 2 (depersonalization) average value of MBI-GS in NFC group were remarkably declined than that in FC group. Spearman rank correlation showed that negative correlation among the average value of each dimension and the overall average values between MBI-GS and UWES. Logistic regression analysis showed that daily Overtime, fight against COVID-19, GHQ-12 score and dimension 2 of UWES were the risk factors for nurse burnout. In summary, this study showed that the dimension 1 (emotional exhaustion) average value and dimension 2 (depersonalization) average value of MBI-GS in NFC group were remarkably declined than that in FC group. This study may provide some basis for addressing nurse burnout.

Reasons influencing the nurses' prioritization process while preventing and managing delirium: findings from a qualitative study.

BACKGROUND: Nurses play an important role in the prevention and management of delirium episodes. However, some studies have reported that not all interventions recommended are applied due to time and resource constraints, resulting in patients receiving less care than required because other patients and/or interventions are prioritised. The concept of prioritization is part of the broader concept of decision-making as the ability to choose between two or more alternatives to ensure patient safety. Understanding the reasons influencing the prioritization process in patients at risk or with delirium may inform interventions to prevent and/or minimise the unfinished nursing care. AIM: The purpose of this study was to explore the reasons that inform the prioritisation process among nurses when they are challenged to make decisions for patients at risk and with delirium. METHODS: A descriptive qualitative study performed according to the COnsolidated criteria for Reporting guidelines, in 2021. An intentional sample of nurses working full-time with older patients in medical, geriatric, and post-acute care facilities affiliated with the National Health System was involved. Semi-structured interviews were conducted and narratives thematic analysed. RESULTS: A total of 56 nurses (55.4% in internal medicine, 26.8% in geriatrics and 17.8% in post-acute/intermediate care) participated with an average age of 31.6 years. The reasons informing the prioritisation process while providing preventive or managerial interventions towards a patient at risk of or with delirium are set at three levels: (1) unit level, as reasons belong to the inadequacy of the 'Environment', the 'Human Resources', and the 'Organisation and Work Processes', (2) nurse's level, as issues in 'Competencies' and 'Attitudes' possessed, and (3) patient level, due to the 'Multidimensional Frailty'. CONCLUSION: Nurses caring for patients at risk of and with delirium face several challenges in providing care. To prioritise preventive and managerial interventions, it is essential to implement multilevel and multifaced organizational and educational strategies.

Readiness of nurses when faced with a patient's death.

Introduction: The death of a patient negatively affects the professional dimension of nurses' functioning and also their private lives, where professional experiences and emotions are often transmitted. Aim of the study: The main aim of the study was to discover how the nursing staff assessed their self-efficacy in dealing with the death of a patient. Materials and methods: The researchers used a diagnostic survey method and a self-authored survey, Life Satisfaction Scale (SWLS), Coping Inventory for Stressful Situations (CISS), Generalized Self-Efficacy Scale (GSES), Courtauld Emotional Control Scale (CECS), The Death Anxiety and Fascination Scale with the Death Anxiety Subscale. The study group consisted of 287 individuals. Results: Working in a hospital is stressful in the opinion of 79.44% of the respondents. 39.37% of the respondents feared death. In the course of work, the death of a patient in the department was sometimes experienced by 34.84% of the respondents, always experienced by 29.97%. The respondents usually did not make their compassion for a dying patient based on the patient's position in society (57.84%). In the case of the majority (84.67%) of the respondents, the employer did not provide mental support for the staff in difficult situations. The majority of the respondents did not feel the need to broaden their knowledge of death and dying (64.11%). Conclusion: The surveyed nurses most often presented low or average life satisfaction, high self-efficacy, average levels of stress and coping in all three styles (with a preference for avoidance-oriented), and a high level of death fascination and an average level of death anxiety. The majority of the nurses in difficult situations and when a stressful situation occurred did not receive support from their employer or from physicians, but could count on the assistance of fellow nurses and a divisional nurse. The majority of the respondents felt that psychological support in their work was important and would gladly benefit from it. Although most nurses did not feel the need to broaden their knowledge of death/dying, they would take part in such a course if it were possible.

A comparative analysis of nurses' reported number of patients and perceived appropriate number of patients in integrated nursing care services.

This study aimed to compare the number of assigned and appropriate patients per nurse in integrated nursing care service wards and analyze factors associated with the gap. For this cross-sectional secondary analysis, data were collected from surveys of 2312 nurses and institutional data from their affiliated 106 hospitals in Korea. We used the Wilcoxon signed-rank test and t-test to compare the number of patients assigned to nurses with the number they considered appropriate. We used ratio analysis for measuring the gap between these numbers, and robust regression to evaluate the factors affecting this gap. The results found an average gap of 1.45, indicating that the reported number of assigned patients per nurse was 1.45 times higher than the appropriate number. Gender, employment type, wage satisfaction, workload, overtime work, and hospital level of care were identified as factors associated with the gap. Findings suggest that the current nurse staffing standard should be revised to consider nurses' professional judgments of appropriate staffing levels and adopt policies that reduce nurses' workload.

Nurses' Experiences of Assisting by Touch in Older Adult Care: "Striving to Be Present" or "Not Being There".

The aim of the study was to describe nurses' experiences of touch and especially touch when assisting older adult patients in hospital context. The interviewed nurses described 2 ways of assisting by touch: striving to be present and not being there. This study shows that touching and assisting by touch can constitute the core of the act of holistic caring in nursing, in which the most important content is a real encounter with the patient.

Registered nurses' perceptions of nursing associates' professional identity.

The nursing associate (NA) role was introduced in 2017 with a pilot programme of trainees, and in 2019 became regulated by the Nursing and Midwifery Council (NMC). The role bridges the gap between the healthcare assistant (HCA) and registered nurse (RN), allowing RNs to focus on complex care. With over 9000 NAs on the NMC register and more in training, it is important to understand RN perceptions of the NA professional identity. The findings of a qualitative survey of RNs (n=23) identified the following themes: NMC standards and scope of practice; The 'cheap nurse'; Skills development and progression; A supportive bridging role. Although valued, the role was perceived as a threat, ambiguous and inconsistently implemented. The implications are that the role ambiguity and lack of standardisation need addressing and a clear understanding of these must be articulated for the professions and public alike.

Why enjoyment is vital to nursing.

Sam Foster, Executive Director of Professional Practice, Nursing and Midwifery Council, considers research on why nurses enjoy nursing and why this is important for job satisfaction and nurse retention.

Occupational stress and associated factors among clinical nurses caring for COVID-19 patients in a Vietnamese tertiary hospital.

BACKGROUND: Nursing professional is one of the most stressful jobs, particularly during the COVID-19 pandemic. When caring for COVID-19 patients, nurses face challenging conditions and limited resources, as well as the fear of infecting themselves and their families, putting them at risk for depression, anxiety, and insomnia. The purpose of this study was to determine the frequency, sources, and risk factors for occupational stress among clinical nurses caring for COVID-19 patients in a Vietnamese tertiary hospital. METHODS: A cross-sectional survey was conducted among all clinical nurses (184 nurses) at a tertiary hospital in Vietnam from March 15 to April 15, 2021. A questionnaire was used for collecting data. Data analysis was done by descriptive statistics, bivariate and multivariate logistic regressions. Risk factors were identified by adjusted odds ratio with 95% confidence interval and P values less than 0.05. RESULTS: The survey was completed by 89.7% (165/184) of clinical nurses. Most participants were female (85.5%) and ≤ 40 years old (97.6%). Overall, participants reported a medium stress level with an Extended Nursing Stress Scale (ENSS) mean score of 1.79 points, and 32.1% had occupational stress. Prevalence of occupational stress among participants caring for COVID-19 patients (34.0%) was not statistically significant difference with that among those who did not (29.4%). Nurses' occupational stress in emergency and intensive care units (50.0%) was substantially higher than that in the other departments (11.7%). The most stressors for participants were difficulties connected to inadequate emotional preparedness, patients and families, and death and dying, with subscale mean scores of 1.97, 1.88, and 1.88 points, respectively. In multivariate analysis, working at an emergency and intensive care unit (OR 4.97), usually or more frequently feeling heavy duty for patients (OR 3.17), and income decrease (OR 3.03) were risk factors associated with occupational stress. CONCLUSION: One-third of clinical nurses at a tertiary hospital experienced occupational stress, with highest rate occurred at emergency and intensive care units. Nurses' working conditions at emergency and intensive care units should be essentially addressed to improve nurses' occupational stress.

Latent profile analysis of mindful self-care and associations with mental health among nurses in China.

BACKGROUND: Despite the crucial role of mindfulness and self-care in nurses' physical and mental health, as well as their professional well-being, most nurses exhibit low levels of self-care. Moreover, there is a lack of understanding of the diverse subgroups of mindful self-care among nurses. OBJECTIVES: The present study delved into the diverse groups of mindful self-care among nurses and investigated the correlation between these groups and their mental health. METHODS: Convenience sampling was used to select nurses from Guizhou province, China, from August to September 2023. A total of 1020 nurses were investigated, and 1001 questionnaires were included, for an effective return rate of 98.1%. The demographic characteristics questionnaire, Chinese version of the Brief Mindful Self-Care Scale, Patient Health Questionnaire-9, Generalised Anxiety Disorder-7 and Perceived Stress Scale were used. Latent profile analysis was performed on the characteristics of nurses' mindful self-care, and the correlations between the latent profiles, demographic characteristics and mental well-being were identified using chi-square tests, Spearman correlation analyses and non-parametric tests. RESULTS: A total of 1001 nurses were included, and they were divided into four heterogeneous subgroups: the Inconsistent Mindful Self-Care Group (4.40%), Balanced Development Group (43.36%), Moderate Mindful Self-Care Group (39.36%), and High Mindful Self-Care Group (12.89%). Results of single factor analysis showed that the nurses' department and average monthly income were the factors influencing the potential profiles. Mindful self-care negatively correlated with anxiety and depression but was not correlated with perceived stress. There were significant differences in perceived stress, anxiety and depression between different mindful self-care groups. CONCLUSION: The present study used latent profile analysis to identify four distinct subgroups of hospital nurses based on their mindful self-care and revealed varying levels of anxiety, depression and perceived stress between groups. These results emphasise the need for tailored mindful self-care strategies to promote nurses' well-being.

Burnout and personality factors among surgical area nurses: a cross sectional multicentre study.

Objective: To determine levels of burnout among surgical area nurses in Andalusia (Spain), to identify the phase of burnout in each participant and to consider its relationship with sociodemographic, occupational variables and personality factors considered. Data source: Data were collected by means of questionary. All nurses working in the surgical area on the date of data collection participated in the study. Sociodemographic and related to work variables were addressed in the questionnaire. Symptoms of anxiety and depression were measured using the Educational-Clinical Questionnaire: Anxiety and Depression (CECAD). Psychological personality variables were assessed using the NEO Five-Factor Inventory (NEO-FFI), adapted for a Spanish population. Burnout was measured using the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI). Study design: Multicentre, cross-sectional, quantitative study carried out from August to October 2021. Data analysis: Descriptive analysis, Student's t-test for independent samples, Pearson's correlation and multiple linear regression were performed with SPSS 25.0. Data extraction methods: The study sample consisted of 214 surgical area nurses at 23 hospitals in Andalusia (Spain). Sociodemographic, occupational and personality variables were studied using the Maslach Burnout Inventory, the NEO Five-Factor Inventory (NEO-FFI) and the Educational-Clinical Questionnaire: Anxiety and Depression. The STROBE statement guidelines were applied. Principal findings: 29.4% of the nurses in the sample presented high levels of emotional exhaustion, 25.7% suffered from depersonalization and 28% had low levels of personal accomplishment. These three dimensions were significantly correlated with the NEO-FFI subscales (neuroticism, agreeableness, openness, conscientiousness and extraversion), and with all the anxiety and depression items considered. Agreeableness was a statistically significant predictor (p < 0.001) for all three dimensions of burnout. Conclusion: Nurses in the surgical area present high levels of Burnout. There is evidence that relates Burnout to personality factors and socio-demographic variables.

Competency in responding to infectious disease outbreaks among nurses in primary healthcare institutions: a quantitative, cross-sectional multicentre study.

Background: Nurses' competencies are crucial for infectious disease prevention and control. We aimed to investigate competencies in responding to infectious disease outbreaks of nurses in primary healthcare institutions and identify their training needs. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted from June to September 2022, recruiting nurses from primary healthcare institutions across Sichuan Province. Their competencies and training needs were assessed using a modified Emergency Response Competency Scale for Infectious Diseases. Additionally, their sociodemographic characteristics and experience in infectious disease outbreak trainings were collected. Univariate analyses were used to compare competencies and training needs by participant characteristics. Multiple linear regression was conducted to identify determinants of their competencies. Results: A total of 1,439 nurses from 44 primary healthcare institutions participated in this study. The overall competency and training needs had a median of 3.6 (IQR [3.1, 4.0]) and 4.0 (IQR [3.9, 4.7]), respectively. Age (ß = -0.074, p = 0.005), experience in higher authority hospitals (ß = 0.057, p = 0.035), infectious disease outbreak trainings attended within the last 5 years (ß = 0.212, p < 0.001), and regions where the institutions located were determinants of the competencies. Conclusion: The competencies in responding to infectious disease outbreaks among nurses in primary healthcare institutions were at a moderate level, influenced by varied factors.

Knowledge graph analysis of research on nurses' psychological resilience.

In recent years, a surge in literature on psychological nurse resilience, largely driven by the COVID-19 pandemic, has prompted the need for a comprehensive understanding of the current state and emerging trends through reliable methodologies. The purpose of this study was to analyzes the research on nurses' psychological resilience through bibliometrics to understand the current situation, foundation, and hotspot of this research field. The Web of Science core collection database was used as the search source, and CiteSpace analysis software was employed to conduct bibliometric analysis on authors, countries, institutions, keywords, and references of nurse psychological resilience-related literature published from the establishment of the database to July 11, 2023. A total of 1060 articles were included in the final analysis. The study of nurses' psychological resilience had been highly popular and had formed a new and important research basis in recent years. China and the United States led in the number of publications and centrality respectively, with Monash Univ and Curtin Univ as top institutions in the number of publications and centrality respectively. The authors with the highest number of publications and the most frequently cited were Rees and Connor Km respectively. The most frequently cited article was Factors Associated with Mental Health Outcomes Among Health Care Workers Exposed to Coronavirus Disease 2019 published by Lai, JB, etc. Important key keywords included mental health, resilience, stress, health, outbreak, acute respiratory syndrome, etc. The research topics in this field mainly focused on 4 aspects, including nurses' mental health, post-traumatic stress disorder, job burnout and job satisfaction, and intervention research on psychological resilience. The results of bibliometric analysis provide direct support for future scholars to explore and determine the research direction, hot spots, and find authoritative authors and institutions. At the moment, nurses' psychological resilience research has established a new foundation, primarily focusing on COVID-19-related topics. Given the potential prolonged coexistence of COVID-19 and other diseases, the main research focus remains innovating and validating effective psychological resilience intervention strategies for nurses' overall well-being.

Nurses' perceptions of involving family members in the care of mental health care users.

BACKGROUND:  Family involvement in mental health care is a therapeutic intervention in the management of mental illness. The global concern in long-term mental health is that families find it difficult to accept mental illness when their loved ones are admitted to receive care, treatment and rehabilitation. OBJECTIVES:  To describe nurses' perceptions of involving family members in the care of mental health care users in long-term institutions. METHOD:  A quantitative descriptive design was used. The population comprised nurses working at three mental health institutions (MHIs). Probability simple random sampling was used to select 360 respondents. Data were collected using self-administered questionnaires. RESULTS:  The findings revealed that most (86.9%) of the nurses acknowledged that challenges affect families' involvement in mental health care. A total of 91.4% of nurses complained that family members' involvement was insufficient and (80.6%) indicated that poor family contact affects the provision of quality mental health care. Therefore, the respondents believed that the families' involvement has an impact on the management of mental illness. CONCLUSION:  Engaging family members in mental health care helps both health professionals and families to participate in patient-centred care and mental health care services. However, MHCUs benefit when their families are involved.Contribution: The study contributed to mental health nursing as its results can be used to measure the quality of health services improvements, by involving the family members during hospitalisation of their loved ones for mental health care.

Implementation lead nurses to lead EBP quality improvement project using the PEACE framework.

Implementing evidence-based practice (EBP) in clinical practice is an ongoing challenge for nurses. EQUIP-Evidence-based QUality Improvement Project- is a multiphase project aimed at equipping nurses with the essential skills to implement EBP and advanced nursing practice. EQUIP embraces the assumption that implementation science models and partnership models can facilitate the implementation process of EBP, leading to successful and sustainable change. The current study is one of the EQUIP feasibility investigations in which the perspective of 12 implementation lead nurses (IL nurses) who attended a 1-day PEACE-based workshop was explored. Thematic analysis identified 2 overarching themes, 6 themes, and 18 subthemes. The first overarching theme showed that the PEACE-based workshop has successfully achieved its intended training implications, and the second overarching theme gave insight into factors that may influence the role of IL nurses. IL nurses reported general satisfaction and willingness to use the PEACE model at work; however, some IL nurses found Step 3 difficult to apply. The study's findings provide evidence of the perceived usefulness of adopting the PEACE model as an augmented approach in the EQUIP and the interest and enthusiasm of IL nurses in receiving more training on the implementation process of EBP.

Three Types of Stories About Encountering Bioethics.

This commentary discusses 12 stories about receiving ethics consultation in hospitals. Five stories are by physicians, three by nurses, and four by family members; three of the writers have training in bioethics. Some writers requested the consultation, others experienced the consultation as an imposition forced upon them, and in two cases, the story is about the absence of any consultation service. Three types of narrative are found to structure the stories: the genuine dilemma narrative, the institutional intransigence narrative, and the relational care narrative. Throughout, the question is what makes for a valuable consultation, and the general answer is whether consultation enables the development of mutually supportive relationships.

Exploring the Experiences of Community-Dwelling Older Adults on Using Wearable Monitoring Devices With Regular Support From Community Health Workers, Nurses, and Social Workers: Qualitative Descriptive Study.

BACKGROUND: The use of wearable monitoring devices (WMDs), such as smartwatches, is advancing support and care for community-dwelling older adults across the globe. Despite existing evidence of the importance of WMDs in preventing problems and promoting health, significant concerns remain about the decline in use after a period of time, which warrant an understanding of how older adults experience the devices. OBJECTIVE: This study aims to explore and describe the experiences of community-dwelling older adults after receiving our interventional program, which included the use of a smartwatch with support from a community health workers, nurses, and social workers, including the challenges that they experienced while using the device, the perceived benefits, and strategies to promote their sustained use of the device. METHODS: We used a qualitative descriptive approach in this study. Older adults who had taken part in an interventional study involving the use of smartwatches and who were receiving regular health and social support were invited to participate in focus group discussions at the end of the trial. Purposive sampling was used to recruit potential participants. Older adults who agreed to participate were assigned to focus groups based on their community. The focus group discussions were facilitated and moderated by 2 members of the research team. All discussions were recorded and transcribed verbatim. We used the constant comparison analytical approach to analyze the focus group data. RESULTS: A total of 22 participants assigned to 6 focus groups participated in the study. The experiences of community-dwelling older adults emerged as (1) challenges associated with the use of WMDs, (2) the perceived benefits of using the WMDs, and (3) strategies to promote the use of WMDs. In addition, the findings also demonstrate a hierarchical pattern of health-seeking behaviors by older adults: seeking assistance first from older adult volunteers, then from social workers, and finally from nurses. CONCLUSIONS: Ongoing use of the WMDs is potentially possible, but it is important to ensure the availability of technical support, maintain active professional follow-ups by nurses and social workers, and include older adult volunteers to support other older adults in such programs.

Unveiling the dynamics of older person care: a qualitative exploration of the intersection between formal and Informal Caregiving from the perspectives of registered nurses in Greece.

In the evolving landscape of older person care, the imperative to explore holistic approaches persists, especially in regions with distinct societal norms around informal caregiving. The deeply ingrained tradition of familial caregiving, often led by female family members, has historically compensated for healthcare system gaps in less integrated systems. Hence, societal expectations may affect registered nurses' experiences and impact the quality of care for older persons. This study aims to describe the meaning of caring for older persons in care settings in Greece. Ten in-depth interviews with registered nurses in older person care settings underwent qualitative thematic analysis. Four themes emerged from the analysis: (i) Living and bonding with older people as a basis for caring, (ii) Caring as a double-faced fulfillment, (iii) A sense of insufficiency in the caring relationship, and (iv) The encounter of existential issues creating loneliness. This research provides insights into the meaning of caring for older persons, highlighting the experiences of the closest professional caregivers of older individuals. A specific capture of the entanglement of cultural norms, societal expectations, and their impact on professional caregivers' experiences may contribute to quality care provision in systems rooted in familial caregiving traditions.