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1.
PLoS One ; 19(4): e0298098, 2024.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38573975

RESUMO

Three evident and meaningful characteristics of disruptive technology are the zeroing effect that causes sustaining technology useless for its remarkable and unprecedented progress, reshaping the landscape of technology and economy, and leading the future mainstream of technology system, all of which have profound impacts and positive influences. The identification of disruptive technology is a universally difficult task. Therefore, this paper aims to enhance the technical relevance of potential disruptive technology identification results and improve the granularity and effectiveness of potential disruptive technology identification topics. According to the life cycle theory, dividing the time stage, then constructing and analyzing the dynamic of technology networks to identify potential disruptive technology. Thereby, using the Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) topic model further to clarify the topic content of potential disruptive technologies. This paper takes the large civil unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) as an example to prove the feasibility and effectiveness of the model. The results show that the potential disruptive technology in this field is the data acquisition, main equipment, and ground platform intelligence.


Assuntos
Tecnologia Disruptiva , Tecnologia , Tecnologia de Sensoriamento Remoto/métodos
2.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38397719

RESUMO

A comprehensive analysis was performed, considering blockchain technology (BT) properties in digital health, addressing medicolegal, privacy, and regulatory considerations. Adherence to personal data protection and healthcare regulatory guidelines were analyzed and compared for GDPR (Europe), HIPAA (United States), CCPA (California), PIPEDA (Canada), the Privacy Act of 1988 (Australia), APPI (Japan), and LGPD (Brazil). Issues such as health systems, strengthening and aligning policy orientations and initiatives, and emphasizing the role of data analysis in shaping health policies were explored. The study addressed conflicts between the legal frameworks and blockchain, comparing and suggesting solutions like the revision of laws and the integration of compliance mechanisms. Additionally, it sought to enhance IT-health literacy by integrating the healthcare and legal domains. Ongoing collaboration between legal, health, and IT experts is essential for designing systems that effectively balance privacy rights and data protection while maximizing the benefits of disruptive technologies like blockchain.


Assuntos
Blockchain , Tecnologia Disruptiva , Segurança Computacional , Privacidade , Disseminação de Informação
4.
Sensors (Basel) ; 24(4)2024 Feb 12.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38400354

RESUMO

Autonomous sleep tracking at home has become inevitable in today's fast-paced world. A crucial aspect of addressing sleep-related issues involves accurately classifying sleep stages. This paper introduces a novel approach PSO-XGBoost, combining particle swarm optimisation (PSO) with extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost) to enhance the XGBoost model's performance. Our model achieves improved overall accuracy and faster convergence by leveraging PSO to fine-tune hyperparameters. Our proposed model utilises features extracted from EEG signals, spanning time, frequency, and time-frequency domains. We employed the Pz-oz signal dataset from the sleep-EDF expanded repository for experimentation. Our model achieves impressive metrics through stratified-K-fold validation on ten selected subjects: 95.4% accuracy, 95.4% F1-score, 95.4% precision, and 94.3% recall. The experiment results demonstrate the effectiveness of our technique, showcasing an average accuracy of 95%, outperforming traditional machine learning classifications. The findings revealed that the feature-shifting approach supplements the classification outcome by 3 to 4 per cent. Moreover, our findings suggest that prefrontal EEG derivations are ideal options and could open up exciting possibilities for using wearable EEG devices in sleep monitoring. The ease of obtaining EEG signals with dry electrodes on the forehead enhances the feasibility of this application. Furthermore, the proposed method demonstrates computational efficiency and holds significant value for real-time sleep classification applications.


Assuntos
Tecnologia Disruptiva , Humanos , Eletroencefalografia/métodos , Fases do Sono , Sono , Aprendizado de Máquina
6.
J. bras. nefrol ; 43(3): 410-416, July-Sept. 2021. tab, graf
Artigo em Inglês, Português | LILACS | ID: biblio-1340128

RESUMO

Abstract In the past decade, a new class of hemodialysis (HD) membranes (high retention onset class) became available for clinical use. The high cutoff (HCO) and the medium cutoff (MCO) membranes have wider pores and more uniformity in pore size, allowing an increased clearance of uremic toxins. Owing to the mechanism of backfiltration/internal filtration, middle molecules are dragged by the convective forces, and no substitution solution is needed. The HCO dialyzer is applied in septic patients with acute kidney injury requiring continuous kidney replacement therapy. The immune response is modulated thanks to the removal of inflammatory mediators. Another current application for the HCO dialyzer is in hematology, for patients on HD secondary to myeloma-kidney, since free light chains are more efficiently removed with the HCO membrane, reducing their deleterious effect on the renal tubules. In its turn, the MCO dialyzer is used for maintenance HD patients. A myriad of clinical trials published in the last three years consistently demonstrates the ability of this membrane to remove uremic toxins more efficiently than the high-flux membrane, an evolutionary disruption in the HD standard of care. Safety concerns regarding albumin loss as well as blood contamination from pyrogens in the dialysate have been overcome. In this update article, we explore the rise of new dialysis membranes in the light of the scientific evidence that supports their use in clinical practice.


Resumo Na última década, uma nova classe de membranas de hemodiálise (HD) (classe de início de alta retenção) tornou-se disponível para uso clínico. As membranas de ponto de corte alto (HCO) e ponto de corte médio (MCO) têm poros mais largos e maior uniformidade no tamanho dos poros, permitindo uma maior depuração de toxinas urêmicas. Devido ao mecanismo de retrofiltração/filtração interna, as moléculas médias são arrastadas pelas forças convectivas, não sendo necessária uma solução de substituição. O dialisador de HCO é aplicado em pacientes sépticos com lesão renal aguda que requerem terapia renal substitutiva contínua. A resposta imunológica é modulada graças à remoção de mediadores inflamatórios. Outra aplicação atual para o dialisador de HCO é em hematologia, para pacientes em HD secundária ao rim do mieloma, uma vez que as cadeias leves livres são removidas mais eficientemente com a membrana de HCO, reduzindo seu efeito deletério sobre os túbulos renais. Por sua vez, o dialisador de MCO é utilizado para pacientes em HD de manutenção. Uma miríade de ensaios clínicos publicados nos últimos três anos demonstra consistentemente a capacidade desta membrana de remover toxinas urêmicas de forma mais eficiente do que a membrana de alto fluxo, uma ruptura evolutiva no padrão de cuidado em HD. As preocupações de segurança em relação à perda de albumina, bem como a contaminação do sangue por pirogênios no dialisato foram superadas. Neste artigo de atualização, exploramos o surgimento de novas membranas de diálise à luz das evidências científicas que apoiam seu uso na prática clínica.


Assuntos
Humanos , Tecnologia Disruptiva , Soluções para Diálise , Diálise Renal , Cadeias Leves de Imunoglobulina , Membranas Artificiais
7.
Rev. bras. educ. méd ; 45(3): e185, 2021.
Artigo em Inglês | LILACS | ID: biblio-1341000

RESUMO

Abstract: Introduction: The experience report describes the protocol used in one of the activities carried out during the initiative aimed at the search for health impact solutions through disruptive innovation - "IDEA2 Global, Guidance and transforming connections for innovators in medical technology", in May 2019, at the Institute of Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (IMES MIT). Experience report: The Pre-Texts methodology was chosen to stimulate creativity and instill the curiosity inherent in the search for solutions to complex problems, through the reading of a challenging text and related activities in a workshop format. Bringing together professionals from various segments and nationalities, the two-hour and forty-five-minute period was the time spent on the workshop inspired by practices from some Latin American countries. Discussion: Through observation, it was observed that participants were engaged and fascinated by hands-on activities, amid the active reading of a text on neural connections in creative processes. The feedback from the evaluation on the workshop confirmed the facilitators' impression. Conclusion: The Pre-Texts methodology is a strategy that can be applied in heterogeneous groups and can include skills such as creativity and collaboration. Thus, the use of this methodology should be encouraged in other similar situations.


Resumo: Introdução: O relato de experiência descreve o protocolo utilizado em uma das atividades realizadas durante a iniciativa destinada à busca por soluções de impacto em saúde através da inovação disruptiva - "IDEA2 Global, Orientação e conexões transformadoras para inovadores em tecnologia médica", em maio de 2019, no Instituto de Engenharia Médica e Ciência, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (IMES MIT). Relato de Experiência: A metodologia Pré-Textos foi escolhida para estimular a criatividade e instigar a curiosidade inerentes à busca por soluções de problemas complexos, através da leitura de um texto desafiador e atividades relacionadas, em formato de workshop. Reunindo profissionais de vários segmentos e nacionalidades, o período de duas horas e quarenta e cinco minutos foi o tempo dispensado ao workshop inspirado em práticas oriundas de alguns países da América Latina. Discussão: Por meio da observação participante, constatou-se que os partícipes se mostraram entusiasmos e engajados por atividades "mão na massa", em meio a leitura ativa de um texto sobre conexões neurais em processos criativos. A devolutiva da avaliação sobre o workshop confirmou a impressão dos facilitadores. Conclusão: A metodologia Pré-Textos é uma estratégia passível de aplicação em grupos heterogêneos, podendo contemplar habilidades como a criatividade e a colaboração. Assim, estimula-se a utilização desta metodologia em outras situações semelhantes.


Assuntos
Humanos , Educação Médica , Tecnologia Disruptiva/educação , Aprendizagem
8.
Rev. cuba. salud pública ; 45(4)oct.-dic. 2019.
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS, CUMED | ID: biblio-1093855

RESUMO

Introducción: La aplicación de las tecnologías disruptivas en el contexto de la salud pública permite mejorar la calidad de sus servicios y la calidad de vida de las personas. Objetivo: Analizar el desarrollo de las tecnologías disruptivas que han incidido hasta hoy en la práctica médica y cómo este desarrollo se prevé que transformará la forma en que se ejerce la medicina en la actualidad y hacia el 2030. Métodos: Investigación documental con enfoque cualitativo, basada en la búsqueda y selección de información para conocer el estado del arte sobre el tema. Se realizaron análisis de casos y ejemplos exitosos en el uso de las tecnologías que aparecen en la literatura. Para la búsqueda se utilizaron los vocablos tecnologías disruptivas, salud pública, medicina preventiva, participativa, predictiva y personalizada. Se aplicaron entrevistas y grupos focales para delimitar los temas fundamentales y para identificar barreras y buenas prácticas. Conclusiones: Las tecnologías disruptivas deben ser empleadas en todas las áreas del conocimiento humano, con énfasis en la medicina, permitiendo evaluar de forma permanente sus beneficios y sus riesgos. Estas tecnologías están directamente relacionadas con el alcance de la medicina de las 4P y su aplicación en los sistemas de salud, y para que su gestión sea efectiva será necesario romper barreras que faciliten su proceso(AU)


Introduction: The application of disruptive technologies in the context of public health allows you to improve the quality of their services and people's life quality. Objective: To analyse the development of disruptive technologies that have influenced until nowadays the medical practice and how this development it is anticipated that will transform the way that medicine is practiced today and toward 2030. Methods: Documentary research with qualitative approach, based on the search and selection of information to know the state of the art on the subject. Analysis of cases and examples of successful experiences in the use of the technologies that appear in the literature were made. For the search were used the words disruptive technologies, public health, preventive medicine, participatory, predictive and personalized. Interviews and focus groups were applied to identify the key issues and to identify barriers and good practices. Conclusions: Disruptive technologies should be used in all areas of human knowledge, with an emphasis on medicine, allowing to assess on a permanent basis their benefits and risks. These technologies are directly related to the scope of the medicine of the 4P and its application in health systems, and for its management to be effective it will be necessary to break down barriers to facilitate their process(AU)


Assuntos
Saúde Pública , Tecnologia da Informação , Tecnologia Disruptiva/tendências
10.
Neotrop. ichthyol ; 17(4): e190064, 2019. graf
Artigo em Inglês | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1056802

RESUMO

Predation avoidance is a primary factor influencing survival. Therefore, any trait that affects the risk of predation, such as camouflage, is expected to be under selection pressure. Background matching (homochromy) limits habitat use, especially if the habitat is heterogeneous. Another camouflage mechanism is disruptive coloration, which reduces the probability of detection by masking the prey's body contours. Here we evaluated if disruptive coloration in the longsnout seahorse, Hippocampus reidi, allows habitat use diversification. We analyzed 82 photographs of animals, comparing animal and background color, and registering anchorage substrate (holdfast). We tested whether the presence (disruptive coloration) or absence of bands (plain coloration) predicted occupation of backgrounds of different colors. We also calculated the connectance between seahorse morph and background color or holdfast, as well as whether color morph differed in their preferences for holdfast. Animals with disruptive coloration were more likely to be found in environments with colors different from their own. Furthermore, animals with disruptive coloration occupied more diversified habitats, but as many holdfasts as plain colored animals. Therefore, animals with disruptive coloration were less selective in habitat use than those lacking disruptive color patterns, which agrees with the disruptive coloration hypothesis.(AU)


Evitar a predação é um dos principais fatores que influenciam a sobrevivência. Portanto, qualquer traço que afete o risco de predação, como a camuflagem, deverá estar sob forte pressão de seleção. Confundir-se com a cor do fundo (homocromia) limita o uso do habitat, especialmente se ele é heterogêneo. Outro mecanismo de camuflagem é a coloração disruptiva, que reduz a probabilidade de detecção mascarando o contorno do corpo da presa. Aqui nós avaliamos se a coloração disruptiva no cavalo-marinho de focinho comprido, Hippocampus reidi, permite diversificar o uso do habitat. Analisamos 82 fotografias de animais, comparando a cor do animal à do fundo, e registrando o substrato de apoio (holdfast). Nós testamos se a presença (coloração disruptiva) ou ausência de bandas (coloração lisa) predizia a ocupação de substratos de cores diferentes. Nós também calculamos a conectância entre o morfo do cavalo-marinho e a cor do fundo ou o substrato de apoio, bem como se o morfo diferiu em suas preferências por substratos de apoio. Animais com coloração disruptiva eram mais encontrados em ambientes com cores diferentes de sua própria cor. Além disso, os animais com coloração disruptiva ocupavam habitats mais diversificados, mas tantos substratos de apoio quanto animais lisos. Portanto, animais com cores disruptivas eram menos seletivos do que animais lisos quanto ao habitat que utilizavam, o que concorda com a hipótese da coloração disruptiva.(AU)


Assuntos
Animais , Ecossistema , Smegmamorpha/classificação , Tecnologia Disruptiva/classificação , Coloração e Rotulagem/veterinária
11.
Copenhagen; World Health Organization. Regional Office for Europe; 2019. , 25, 3
em Inglês | WHO IRIS | ID: who-327753

RESUMO

This special autumn issue of Eurohealth covers some of the main issues and themes that will be discussed at the 2019 European Health Forum Gastein, one of the leading health policy conferences in Europe bringing together a mix of public policy-makers, civil society, researchers and private sector representatives. Guest editorial; Changing the DNA of health care in the age of artificial intelligence; Disrupting innovation - Are we ready for AI? Why innovation in tech needs to be matched by investment in people, Health innovation: from organisation disruption to outcomes value; Systems for change - Steer don’t row?, Facts. Figures! Fiction?; Future formulas – The economy of wellbeing, Transforming financial markets for the good of all, You(th) Matters – Co-creating policies to tackle obesity; Transforming societies - Empowering communities to reduce health inequalities in Europe, The global climate crisis: a public health emergency, New evidence on financial protection in Europe; Eurohealth Monitoring - European Union health policy: The gate with no fence, Interview with the European Commissioner for Health.


Assuntos
Tecnologia Disruptiva , Invenções , Tecnologia , Saúde Pública , Política de Saúde , Europa (Continente)
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