RESUMO
Working through the different faces and vicissitudes of the death drive in the countertransference, and especially through projective identification, is a very challenging process. A thorough and versatile process of containment and working through of the manifold threatening expressions and influences of the death drive is required, experienced most specifically and deeply in the arena of projective identification. This paper demonstrates how each aspect that unfolds in the analyst's countertransference sheds light on a particular layer of anxiety and internal object relations related to it. The creation of a new meaning to the differing expressions of the death drive gradually lessens the compulsion to repeat and enables a better integration between the life and death drives. This process will be illustrated by a prolonged clinical case that involved intense internal working through of the death drive in the analyst's countertransference.
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Acidentes , Contratransferência , Humanos , Ansiedade , ProjeçãoRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: to describe the completeness of notifications of accidents involving venomous animals held on the Notifiable Health Conditions Information System (SINAN), in Brazil and its macro-regions, from 2007 to 2019. METHODS: we analyzed essential and non-mandatory fields for snakebite, spider bite and scorpion sting notifications, considering the following completeness categories: Excellent (≤5.0% incompleteness), Good (5.0% to 10.0%), Regular (10.0% to 20.0%), Poor (20.0% to ≤50.0%) and Very Poor (>50.0%). Proportional change in completeness between 2007 and 2019 was estimated. RESULTS: 1,871,462 notifications were investigated. The "localized manifestations", "systemic manifestations", "case classification", "case progression" and "zone of occurrence" fields had excellent or good completeness. Completeness was regular or poor for the "schooling" and "race/color" fields. The "occupation" field was predominantly poorly or very poorly filled in. There was a proportional worsening in completeness (PC<0) in most regions for the "zone of occurrence", "case progression" and "schooling" fields. CONCLUSION: completeness of most fields improved, although socioeconomic and occupational fields require more attention.
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Mordeduras e Picadas , Sistemas de Informação , Animais , Brasil/epidemiologia , AcidentesRESUMO
BACKGROUND: COVID-19 is considered to be very contagious as it can be spread through multiple ways. Therefore, exposure risk of healthcare workers (HCWs) treating COVID-19 patients is a highly salient topic in exposure risk management. From a managerial perspective, wearing personal protective equipment and the risk of accidents occurring during aerosol generating procedures applied to COVID-19 patients are two interconnected issues encountered in all COVID-19 hospitals. OBJECTIVE: The study was conducted to understand the realistic impact of exposure risk management on HCWs exposed to risks of SARS-CoV-2 virus infection in a healthcare unit. In particular, this study discusses the role of personal protective equipment (PPEs) used in aerosol generating procedures (AGPs) to protect HCWs, and the related risk of accidents occurring when performing AGPs. METHODOLOGY: This is a cross-sectional single-hospital study conducted at the "Sf. Ioan cel Nou" Hospital in Suceava, Romania, that had to ensure safety of healthcare workers (HCWs) getting in contact with COVID-19 cases. Data used in the study were collected between 10.12.2020-19.03.2021 by means of a questionnaire that collected information on risk assessment and healthcare workers' exposure management, and which was translated and adapted from the World Health Organization (WHO) and applied to respondents online. For this purpose, ethical approval was obtained, doctors and nurses from all hospital departments being invited to complete the questionnaire. Data processing, as well as descriptive, correlation and regression analyses have been done by using the 21.0 version of the Statistical Package for Social Sciences software. RESULTS: Most of the 312 HCWs reported having always used disposable gloves (98.13%), medical masks N95 (or equivalent) (92.86%), visors or googles (91.19%), disposable coverall (91.25%) and footwear protection (95.00%) during AGPs. The waterproof apron had always been worn only by 40% of the respondents, and almost 30% of staff had not used it at all during AGPs. Over the last three months, the period when the questionnaire was completed, 28 accidents were reported while performing AGPs: 11 accidents with splashing of biological fluids/ respiratory secretions in the eyes, 11 with splashing of biological fluids/ respiratory secretions on the non-idemn skin, 3 with splashing of biological fluids/ respiratory secretions in the oral/ nasal mucosa and 3 with puncture/ sting with any material contaminated with biological fluids/ respiratory secretions. Also, 84.29% of respondents declared having changed their routine, at least, moderately due to COVID-19. CONCLUSION: An effective risk exposure management is based on wearing protective equipment. The only protection offered by the disposable coverall, as it results from our analysis, is related to splashing of biological fluids/ respiratory secretions on the non-idemn skin. In addition, the results show that the number of accidents should decrease due to the fact that disposable gloves and footwear protection are used while performing AGPs on patients with COVID-19 and hand hygiene is practised before and after touching a patient with COVID-19 (regardless of glove wearing).
Assuntos
COVID-19 , Humanos , COVID-19/epidemiologia , COVID-19/prevenção & controle , Estudos Transversais , SARS-CoV-2 , Aerossóis e Gotículas Respiratórios , Equipamento de Proteção Individual , AcidentesRESUMO
Fire accidents in storage tanks are of great importance due to the difficulty in extinguishing and ease of spread to nearby products. This study aimed to introduce a framework based on FTA-based Set Pair Analysis (SPA) established via experts' elicitation to identify and assess the risk of storage tank fire. In the quantitative FTA of a system, sufficient data are only sometimes available to calculate the failure probability of the system appertains to study. Thus, the obtained result of the SPA added new value to the Basic Events (BEs) and estimated top event. To illustrate the applicability of the proposed approach, a fault tree of the methanol storage tank fire is performed and analyzed BEs. According to the obtained results, the fire accident was computed by 48 BEs, and the occurrence probability value of the top event was estimated 2.58E-1/year. In addition, the most crucial paths that led to the fire accident are listed in this study. The proposed approach established in the present study can assist decision-makers in determining where to take preventative or appropriate action on the storage tank system. Moreover, it can be adjusted for various systems with limited manipulation.
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Incêndios , Metanol , Acidentes , Medição de RiscoRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: This paper presents a re-analysis of a previous study of the effects on accidents of technical inspections of heavy vehicles in Norway and a replication of the study using more recent data. METHOD: Increasing the number of technical inspections is associated with a reduction in the number of accidents. Reducing the number of inspections is associated with an increase in the number of accidents. The relationship between changes in the number of inspections and changes in the number of accidents is well described by means of logarithmic dose-response curves. RESULTS: These curves show that inspections had a larger effect on accidents in the recent period (2008-2020) than in the first period (1985-1997). Based on recent data, a 20% increase in the number of inspections is associated with a 4-6% reduction in the number of accidents. A 20% reduction of the number of inspections is associated with a 5-8% increase in the number of accidents.
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Acidentes , Humanos , Noruega , Veículos AutomotoresRESUMO
BACKGROUND: The popularity of electric scooters (e-scooters) and the shared e-scooter services as new means of transportation worldwide led to high numbers of injuries requiring emergency department (ED) visits. Private and rental e-scooters have different sizes and capabilities, offering several possible riding positions. While the rising use of e-scooters and their associated injuries have been reported, little is known about the influence of riding position on injury characteristics. The purpose of this study was to characterize e-scooter riding positions and their related injuries. METHODS: E-scooters related ED admissions were retrospectively collected between June 2020 and October 2020, in a level-I trauma center. Demographics, ED presentation data, injury information, e-scooter design, and clinical course were collected and compared according to e-scooter riding position ("foot-behind-foot" vs "side-by-side"). RESULTS: During the study period, 158 patients were admitted to the ED with e-scooter related injuries. The majority of riders used the foot-behind-foot position (nâ¯=â¯112, 71.3â¯%) compared to the side-by-side position (nâ¯=â¯45, 28.7â¯%). Orthopedic fractures were the most common injuries (nâ¯=â¯78, 49.7â¯%). "Foot-behind-foot" group had a significantly higher fracture rate compared to "side-by-side" group (54.4â¯% vs 37.8â¯% within group, respectively; pâ¯=â¯0.03). CONCLUSIONS: Riding position is associated with different injury types, with orthopedic fracture rates significantly higher in the more commonly used "foot-behind-foot" riding position. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: These study findings suggest that the common e-scooter narrow-based design is considerably more dangerous, calling for further research to introduce safer e-scooter designs and update recommendations for safer riding positions.
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Acidentes , Serviço Hospitalar de Emergência , Postura , Humanos , Eletricidade , Hospitalização , Estudos Retrospectivos , Meios de TransporteRESUMO
Background: As sharp force injury accounts for 10-20% of clinical forensic examinations, forensic pathologists are often asked to investigate deceased victims of stab wounds. Moreover, homicide by sharp force (stabbing) is one of the most common in European countries, involving generally domestic or interpersonal conflict. Stabbing as a suicide method constitutes a low percentage of all suicides, 2% to 3%. Accidental death due to sharp force is even rarer (0-3%) and usu-ally caused by an impact or a fall into different type of glass surface. Death due to stabbing is usually caused by exsanguinating incisions to organs or large blood vessels (such as arteries), leading to haemor-rhagic shock. Penetrating artery injuries are well known in clinical settings, and extremities are the most common sites of such injuries. Indeed, 50% to 60% of injuries occur in femoral or popliteal arteries, 30% in brachial artery. Aims: The aim of this paper is to present two rare cases of sharp force fatality, showing how a thorough forensic pathology methodology, including death scene investigation, autopsy examination, and toxicological analyses, are pivotal to detect the manner of death. Case Reports: This paper presents two peculiar cases of sharp force fatalities: the first, a single and accidental stab injury on the right armpit which caused a complete transection of the axillary artery; the second, a single homicidal stab wound on the lower leg causing a full-thickness lesion of the anterior tibial artery.
Assuntos
Suicídio , Ferimentos Perfurantes , Humanos , Homicídio , Ferimentos Perfurantes/patologia , Acidentes , Artérias/patologiaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Previous assessment guidelines from standard sources for urologic expert opinions show considerable differences in the recommended percentages for the assessment of reduction of earning capacity (MdE) for accident sequelae in the neuro-urological specialty. OBJECTIVES: To develop a "revised and standardized version of the MdE assessments of neuro-urological accident sequelae (in tabular form) as a guideline/manual" for expert opinions in the legal area of the German and Austrian Statutory Accident Insurance ( www.dguv.de , www.auva.at ). MATERIALS AND METHODS: A working group of neuro-urologists from spinal cord injury centers of different BG ("Berufsgenossenschaft") clinics was formed within the working group Neuro-Urology of DMGP (German-speaking Medical Society for Paraplegiology; www.dmgp.de ). Between January 2017 and September 2022, a total of 7 working meetings and 2 video conferences were held. The consensus of the developed documents was reached by formal consensus finding in a nominal group process and in a final consensus conference. RESULTS: The necessary bases for a targeted, legally sound diagnosis of accident consequences in the neuro-urological field were elaborated and, based on the experience of many years of expert opinion activity, a "matrix" for a uniform, graduated assessment of the level of reduction of earning capacity in the (neuro-)urological field in the case of confirmed neuro-urological accident consequences was created. CONCLUSION: In the interest of equal treatment of all insured persons, it is of great importance to make a uniform and comprehensible assessment of the amount of the MdE on the basis of "table values" that reflect the available empirical values.
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Traumatismos da Medula Espinal , Urologia , Humanos , Prova Pericial , Seguro de Acidentes , Traumatismos da Medula Espinal/complicações , AcidentesRESUMO
This article aims to reduce harm and improve patient safety in dentistry by providing evidence-based guidance on the prevention, recognition, management, and reporting of sodium hypochlorite injuries occurring in the course of endodontic dental treatment. In contrast to previous publications all types of sodium hypochlorite harm and near-harm events in the dental setting are considered, to offer the reader an all-encompassing clinical guide for reference.
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Endodontia , Hipoclorito de Sódio , Humanos , Hipoclorito de Sódio/efeitos adversos , Irrigantes do Canal Radicular/uso terapêutico , Acidentes , Assistência OdontológicaRESUMO
Hazardous chemical logistics and transportation accidents are the main type of port safety accidents. Correctly and objectively analyzing the causes of port hazardous chemical logistics safety accidents and the coupling mechanisms of risk generation are very important for reducing the occurrence of port hazardous chemical safety accidents. Based on the causal mechanism and coupling principle, in this paper, we construct a risk coupling system for port hazardous chemical logistics and analyze the coupling effects in the risk system. More specifically, a personnel-ship-environment-management system is established and the coupling between the four systems is explored. Taking Tianjin Port as an example, the risk coupling factors are analyzed in combination with system dynamics simulation. Under dynamic changes in coupling coefficients, the change of coupling effects are explored more intuitively, the logical relationships between logistics risks are analyzed and deduced, a comprehensive view of the coupling effects and their evolution process in accidents is provided, and the key causes of accidents and their coupling risk effects are identified. For port hazardous chemicals logistics safety accidents, the presented results not only allow for effective analysis of the causes of safety accidents, but also provide reference for the formulation of prevention strategies.
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Acidentes , Substâncias Perigosas , Meios de Transporte , Fatores de RiscoRESUMO
E-scooters have gained popularity worldwide in the last few years. Due to the increase in users, more accidents related to e-scooters can be observed. The present study aimed to analyse epidemiological data, characteristics, and severity of injuries in patients admitted to a Level I trauma centre in Switzerland (Inselspital Bern, University Hospital Bern) after accidents associated with e-scooters. This retrospective case series evaluated 23 patients who presented to the University Hospital of Bern between 1 of May 2019 and 31 of October 2021 after an e-scooter accident. Data were collected on patient demographics, time and cause of the accident, speed, alcohol consumption, helmet use, type and localisation of injury, number of injuries per patient, and outcome. Men were most frequently affected (61.9%). The mean age was 35.8 (STD 14.8) years. Slightly more than half (52.2%) of all accidents were self-inflicted. Most accidents were reported during the night (7 p.m. to 7 a.m., 60.9%) and in summer (43.5%). Alcohol consumption was reported in 43.5% of cases, with a mean blood alcohol level of 1.4 g/l. Most injuries were observed in the face (25.3%) and head/neck area (20.25%). Skin abrasions (56.5%) and traumatic brain injury (43.5%) were the most common types of traumata in terms of total number of patients. Only in one case it was reported that a protective helmet had been worn. Five patients required hospitalisation and four patients underwent surgery. Three patients underwent emergency orthopaedic surgery, and one patient underwent emergency neurosurgery. E-scooter accidents result in a significant number of facial and head/neck injuries. E-scooter riders would potentially benefit from a helmet to protect them in the event of an accident. Additionally, the results of this study indicate that a significant number of e-scooter accidents in Switzerland occurred under the influence of alcohol. Prevention campaigns to raise awareness of the risks of driving e-scooters under the influence of alcohol could help prevent future accidents.
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Acidentes , Consumo de Bebidas Alcoólicas , Masculino , Humanos , Adulto , Estudos Retrospectivos , Suíça , Centros de TraumatologiaRESUMO
Liquid fuel is widely used in industry and transportation. Liquid fuel leakage usually results in some spill fire accidents. In this paper, the effect of slope on the spread and burning behaviors of continuous spill fire from a point discharge source was studied by experiments. The flame spread rate, burning rate, heat convection at the bottom surface, flame feedback radiation, and flame height were analyzed. The results show that the spread area has an increasing trend with the slope, and the length of the spread area increases obviously, while the width of spread area shows an opposite trend. Moreover, the burning rate and the flame height of the steady stage decreases significantly with the slope increase, which can be attributed to the increase of heat convection between the fuel layer and bottom for the larger slopes. Subsequently, a burning rate model for the steady stage is built considering fuel layer heat loss and validated by the current experimental data. This work can provide guidance for the thermal hazard analysis of liquid fuel spill fires from a point source.
Assuntos
Incêndios , Acidentes , Meios de TransporteRESUMO
Among many coastal hazards, rip currents have gradually become one of the most noticeable hazards. Studies have demonstrated that most drowning accidents at beaches around the world are related to rip currents. In this study, online and field questionnaires were combined for the first time to reveal beachgoers' awareness of rip currents in China from four aspects: demographic characteristics, swimming ability, information about visiting beaches, and knowledge about rip currents. One educational strategy was introduced to the field survey. The results suggest that (i) the proportion of online and field respondents who have heard of "rip currents" and seen warning signs of rip currents is extremely small. This reflects that beachgoers lack awareness of rip current hazards. Thus, China needs to strengthen the safety education of rip current knowledge. (ii) The level of awareness of rip currents can significantly affect the community's ability to identify the location of rip currents and their choice of escape direction. (iii) In the field survey, we implemented an educational strategy as an intervention for respondents, and the accuracy of identifying rip currents and choosing the correct escape route improved by 34% and 46.7%, respectively. This implies that the intervention of educational strategy can significantly deepen beachgoers' awareness of rip currents. It is recommended that more educational strategies about rip current knowledge be implemented on Chinese beaches in the future.
Assuntos
Acidentes , Afogamento , Humanos , Inquéritos e Questionários , Natação , Escolaridade , China , Conhecimentos, Atitudes e Prática em SaúdeRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: This study was carried out to identify the frequency and types of injuries in adult ice hockey, in order to better understand injury patterns and identify potential areas for injury prevention. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective database review of acute injuries reported in ice hockey in patients presenting to a Level-1 adult Emergency Centre in Switzerland. Patients between January 1, 2013 and December 31, 2019 and over 16 years of age were identified in our computerised patient database. Each consultation was reviewed to derive information on demographics, playing level and the features of the injury, including location, type, mechanism and consequences. Different age groups were compared, as were amateur and professional players. A statistical analysis was performed. RESULTS: A total of 230 patients were identified. The most common diagnoses were fracture (28.3%), contusion/abrasion (23.9%), laceration (12.6%) and concussion (10.4%). The most commonly affected body parts were the face (31.3%), the shoulder/clavicle (13.0%) and the head (12.2%). Most lesions were caused by player-player contact (37.4%), contact with the puck (24.3%) and falls (10.9%). In comparison to the younger cohorts, patients >36 years of age more frequently suffered injuries caused by falls, (p < 0.001) and were less frequently injured by player-player contact (p = 0.01813). In amateur players, significantly more injuries were caused by stick contact (OR 0, 95% CI (0.00-0.83), p = 0.02) and surgery was more rarely performed (OR 2.35, 95% CI 0.98-5.46, p = 0.04). CONCLUSIONS: Injuries continue to play a major role in ice hockey, especially in the face and due to player-player contact. Future investigations should focus on player-player contact and possible effective preventive measures. Players must be encouraged to employ face protection and to wear a mouth guard at all times.
Assuntos
Traumatismos em Atletas , Concussão Encefálica , Hóquei , Adulto , Humanos , Traumatismos em Atletas/prevenção & controle , Estudos Retrospectivos , Hóquei/lesões , Suíça/epidemiologia , Incidência , Concussão Encefálica/epidemiologia , Concussão Encefálica/complicações , AcidentesRESUMO
OBJECTIVES: To identify the causes of accidents and occupational diseases of shell-fish divers in the small coves de Coquimbo, Los Vilos, and Tongoy, in the Coquimbo Region, Chile, in the period 2008-2018. METHODS: A structured survey of 44 questions was applied to determine the causes or factors that influence accidents and occupational diseases of shellfish divers in the region; collecting information, experiences and observations of the protagonists. The double entry table, the X2 and C contingency association statistics were used for the data analysis. RESULTS: Of the 52 surveys carried out, 28 shellfish divers have had accidents and occupational diseases (53%). The segment that does not complete basic education concentrates 46% of accidents. It also shows incidence, the depth at which diving is done, the consumption of alcohol and tobacco, the non-use of decompression tables and the lack of training. CONCLUSIONS: The type of accident or associated occupational disease with the highest incidence is decompression syndrome and suffocation, both of which have a high association with alcohol consumption and non-use of decompression tables.
OBJETIVOS: Identificar las causas de accidentes y enfermedades profesionales de buzos mariscadores en las caletas de Coquimbo, Los Vilos y Tongoy en la región de Coquimbo (Chile), en el periodo 2008-2018. MÉTODOS: Se aplicó una encuesta de 44 preguntas para determinar las causas o factores que influyen en los accidentes y enfermedades profesionales de los buzos mariscadores en la región. Se recopiló información, experiencias y observaciones de los protagonistas. Para su análisis se utilizaron la tabla de doble entradas, los estadísticos de asociación X2 y C de contingencia. RESULTADOS: De las 52 encuestas realizadas, 28 buzos mariscadores han tenido accidentes y enfermedades profesionales (53%). El segmento que no completa la enseñanza básica concentra el 46% de los accidentes. También muestra incidencia, la profundidad a la cual se realiza el buceo, el consumo de alcohol y tabaco, el no uso de las tablas de descompresión y el no haber recibido capacitación. CONCLUSIONES: Los tipos de accidente o enfermedades profesionales asociadas de mayor incidencia son el síndrome de descompresión y la asfixia. Ambos casos presentan una alta asociación con el consumo de alcohol y el no uso de las tablas de descomprensión.
Assuntos
Mergulho , Doenças Profissionais , Humanos , Chile/epidemiologia , Doenças Profissionais/epidemiologia , Doenças Profissionais/etiologia , Acidentes , Frutos do MarRESUMO
Accidents are one of the most important public health concerns because of their high prevalence and considerable health outcomes. Although higher education institutions (HEIs) play an important role in health promotion and disease prevention, accidents are rarely investigated in this setting. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to address this gap by analyzing the frequency and characteristics of employee and student accidents at HEIs in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. A dataset of all accidents that happened to employees and students at HEIs in Rhineland-Palatinate from December 2014 to December 2019 and the characteristics of these accidents was provided by the responsible statutory accident insurance (Accident Insurance Fund of Rhineland-Palatinate). Modified thousand-men quotas (the rate of injuries per 1000 people) were calculated to investigate the differences in frequencies and characteristics of accidents between employees and students, as well as between institutions. A total of 3810 accidents (n = 1326; 34.8% work and n = 2484; 65.2% commuting) were reported, of which 426 involved employees and 3384 involved students. The frequency and characteristics of the accidents varied between employees and students, as well as between institutions. Sports programs at HEIs for example imply high risks for unintentional injuries especially for students (as they make up the majority of participants). Other main findings are that medical students, as well as students of subjects including laboratory work, are at a higher risk to experience study-related accidents whereas employees seem to be at a higher risk when working in a technical field. The results call for the development of accident prevention concepts at HEIs and the implementation of interventions in respective institutions and target groups.
Assuntos
Acidentes , Estudantes de Medicina , Masculino , Humanos , Alemanha/epidemiologia , Instituições Acadêmicas , Meios de TransporteRESUMO
Subway operation safety management has become increasingly important due to the severe consequences of accidents and interruptions. As the causative factors and accidents exhibit a complex and dynamic interrelationship, the proposed subway operation accident causation network (SOACN) could represent the actual scenario in a better way. This study used the SOACN to explore subway operation safety risks and provide suggestions for promoting safety management. The SOACN model was built under 13 accident types, 29 causations and their 84 relationships based on the literature review, grounded theory and association rule analysis, respectively. Based on the network theory, topological features were obtained to showcase different roles of an accident or causation in the SOACN, including degree distribution, betweenness centrality, clustering coefficient, network diameter, and average path length. The SOACN exhibits both small-world network and scale-free features, implying that propagation in the SOACN is fast. Vulnerability evaluation was conducted under network efficiency, and its results indicated that safety management should focus more on fire accident and passenger falling off the rail. This study is beneficial for capturing the complex accident safety-risk-causation relationship in subway operations. It offers suggestions regarding safety-related decision optimization and measures for causation reduction and accident control with high efficiency.
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Ferrovias , Acidentes , Algoritmos , Análise por Conglomerados , Gestão da Segurança/métodosRESUMO
The key purpose of this paper is to address an inherent gap in the literature on safety issues in the development of night tourism. This research takes a novel methodological approach, by using 8787 cases of tourism safety accidents in typical night tourism cities in China, and applying social network analysis (SNA) and quadratic assignment procedure (QAP) regression analysis to explore the multidimensional structural characteristics and risk-causing factors of night tourism accidents. Key findings include: (1) Amidst the complexity and diversity of the night tourism safety accidents in cities, disastrous accidents, public health accidents, natural disasters, and social security accidents are the main types of night tourism safety accidents. (2) Night tourism safety accidents have strong aggregation in specific time periods and spatial regions. There are differences in the timepoint and duration of each accident type, showing different distribution characteristics in different cities and locations. (3) Distribution of accident types in night tourism products shows obvious core-edge structure characteristics. (4) The degree of co-occurrence of four risk-inducing factors, i.e., personnel, facilities, environment, and management, has high explanatory power at the accident correlation level in the co-occurrence network of night tourism safety accidents in cities, and the influence effects of risk factors are heterogeneous at different timepoints. Our results provide some valuable implications for optimizing night tourism safety governance in cities.
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Acidentes , Turismo , Causalidade , Fatores de Risco , Cidades , China/epidemiologiaRESUMO
The effects brought by climate change and the pandemic upon worker health and wellbeing are varied and necessitate the identification and implementation of improved strategic interventions. This review aims, firstly, to assess how climate change affects occupational accidents, focusing on the impacts of extreme air temperatures and natural disasters; and, secondly, to analyze the role of the pandemic in this context. Our results show that the manifestations of climate change affect workers physically while on the job, psychologically, and by modifying the work environment and conditions; all these factors can cause stress, in turn increasing the risk of suffering a work accident. There is no consensus on the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on work accidents; however, an increase in adverse mental effects on workers in contact with the public (specifically in healthcare) has been described. It has also been shown that this strain affects the risk of suffering an accident. During the pandemic, many people began to work remotely, and what initially appeared to be a provisional situation has been made permanent or semi-permanent in some positions and companies. However, we found no studies evaluating the working conditions of those who telework. In relation to the combined impact of climate change and the pandemic on occupational health, only publications focusing on the synergistic effect of heat due to the obligation to wear COVID-19-specific PPE, either outdoors or in poorly acclimatized indoor environments, were found. It is essential that preventive services establish new measures, train workers, and determine new priorities for adapting working conditions to these altered circumstances.