RESUMO
Hepatozoon spp. are the most common haemoparasites reported from reptiles around the world, however, only six species have been described infecting crocodilians. In Brazil, Hepatozoon caimani Carini, 1909 is currently the only recognized species from the caiman hosts. This study provides new data on the diversity of species of Hepatozoon infecting Caiman crocodilus (Linnaeus) using molecular data and phylogenetic analysis, with additional support of morphological data of developmental stages from host blood and tissue. Forty-four individuals were collected and screened for haemogregarines, and blood and tissue samples were analysed by light microscopy with 31 (70.45%) infected. Hepatozoon spp. blood developmental stages included immature and mature gamonts with or without cytoplasmic vacuoles and free gamonts. Additionally, merogonic developmental stages were found in the liver and spleen of infected hosts. Based on the morphological and molecular data, this study identified two possible different species of Hepatozoon, being one of them the H. caimani with intragenotypic divergence.
Assuntos
Jacarés e Crocodilos , Filogenia , Animais , Brasil , Jacarés e Crocodilos/parasitologia , Eucoccidiida/classificação , Eucoccidiida/genética , Eucoccidiida/isolamento & purificação , Coccidiose/parasitologia , Coccidiose/veterinária , Coccídios/classificação , Coccídios/isolamento & purificação , Coccídios/genéticaRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: Plodia interpunctella (Hübner) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) originating from South America is one of the important insect pests that damages storage products and is found on every continent. There is a new interest in using enthomopathogens for microbial control of P. interpunctella as well as other stored product pests. Coccidia as a group of protistan entomopathogens are host specific and their pathogenic effects on the hosts are more pronounced. Although this pathogenic effect results in increased host mortality or higher susceptibility to insecticides, the suppressive potential of coccidia in natural populations has not been adequately studied. In this study, characterization, distribution and occurrence of a coccidian entomopathogen was aim to show its natural suppressing potential in P. interpunctella populations. METHODS: During the three years (from 2019 to 2021), a total of 3.432 P. interpunctella samples (2.047 dead and 413 living larvae, 932 adults and 40 pupae) were collected from fourteen populations. After macroscopic examination, suspected samples were dissected in Ringer's solution and then prepared wet smears including host fat body were examined for presence of coccidian pathogens under a light microscope at a magnification of 400-1000X. The oocysts of the coccidian were measured and photographed using a microscope with a digital camera and soft imaging system. RESULTS: The pathogen was observed in the fat bodies of the larvae, pupae and adults. Oocysts measured as 29.52±3.32 (25.27- 35.08) µm in diameter and they include 8 sporocysts. Sporocysts measured as 9.11±0.61 (8.90-9.85) µm. Forty-five of 3.432 P. interpunctella larvae, pupae and adults were found to be infected. Coccidian infections have also reached to the levels that can be considered high in some populations, as significant as 29.2%. The infection was observed in the three (21.4%) of the examined fourteen populations. CONCLUSION: The coccidian entomopathogen presented in this study is the first Adeleid coccidian record from P. interpunctella populations in Türkiye. The detection of Adelina mesnili Perez (Coccidia: Adeleidae) in at least three populations and the infection rate reaching 29.2 percent, confirms that this pathogen has a considerable effect P. interpunctella populations that cannot be underestimated. Our results confirm that the coccidian pathogen is very effective in the larval stage.
Assuntos
Coccídios , Inseticidas , Mariposas , Animais , Larva , América do SulRESUMO
Protozoa of the Apicomplexa phylum are worldwide distributed with capacity to infect endothermic animals. The study of these protozoa in wild birds in Brazil is scarce. This study aimed to evaluate the occurrence of apicomplexan protozoa in wild birds in the Northeast of Brazil. From October to December 2019, brain tissue samples were collected from 71 captive birds from the Wild Animal Screening Center of the Pernambuco State (CETRAS-Tangara) and 25 free-living birds from the Caatinga biome in Rio Grande do Norte, totaling 96 animals (41 species). Brain fragments were subjected to molecular diagnosis by nested PCR for the 18s rDNA gene of Apicomplexa parasites, followed by DNA sequencing. This gene was detected in 25% (24/96) of the samples, and it was possible to perform DNA sequencing of 14 samples, confirming three genera: Isospora, Sarcocystis and Toxoplasma from eight bird species (Amazona aestiva, Coereba flaveola, Egretta thula, Paroaria dominicana, Sporophila nigricollis, Cariama cristata, Columbina talpacoti, Crypturellus parvirostris). The occurrence these coccidia in wild birds provides important epidemiological information for the adoption of preventive measures for its conservation. Future studies are needed to better understand the consequence of Apicomplexa infection in birds in Caatinga and Atlantic Forest biomes.
Assuntos
Coccídios , Toxoplasma , Animais , Animais Selvagens , Brasil/epidemiologia , ColumbidaeRESUMO
Gastrointestinal parasitism by helminths and protozoa poses risks to animal and human health owing to clinical changes and transmission of potentially zoonotic agents. Thus, the present study aimed to verify the occurrence of gastrointestinal parasites in dogs from the municipality of Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, Brazil, using coproparasitological tests. From June 2021 to April 2022, faecal samples were collected from domestic dogs at the Veterinary Hospital and Animal Protection Shelters in the Cuiabá municipality. A semi-structured questionnaire was applied to the owners and those responsible for the shelters to analyse the factors associated with gastrointestinal parasitism. A total of 353 faecal samples were collected and subjected to parasitological flotation and sedimentation techniques. Data were analysed using the chi-squared test and exploratory factorial analysis. The occurrence of gastrointestinal parasitism was 22.66% and the parasites found alone or in mixed infections were Ancylostoma spp., Trichuris vulpis, Toxocara spp., Dipylidium caninum, Cystoisospora spp., Giardia duodenalis, and coccidia. It was concluded that the occurrence of gastrointestinal parasites in dogs is frequent, and the variables associated with these infections were source origin, breed, age, coexistence with other animals, and dull fur.(AU)
O parasitismo gastrointestinal por helmintos e protozoários apresenta riscos à saúde animal e humana devido às alterações clínicas e transmissão de agentes potencialmente zoonóticos. Assim, o presente estudo teve como objetivo verificar a ocorrência de parasitoses gastrointestinais em cães do município de Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, Brasil, utilizando-se exames coproparasitológicos. De junho de 2021 a abril de 2022, foram coletadas amostras fecais de cães domésticos no Hospital Veterinário e Abrigos de Proteção Animal do município de Cuiabá. Foi aplicado um questionário semiestruturado aos tutores e responsáveis pelos abrigos para analisar os fatores associados ao parasitismo gastrointestinal. Um total de 353 amostras fecais foram coletadas e submetidas às técnicas de flotação e sedimentação parasitológica. Os dados foram analisados, utilizando-se o teste Qui-quadrado e a análise fatorial exploratória. A ocorrência de parasitismo gastrointestinal foi de 22,66%, e os parasitos encontrados isoladamente ou em infecções mistas foram Ancylostoma spp., Trichuris vulpis, Toxocara spp., Dipylidium caninum, Cystoisospora spp., Giardia duodenalis e Coccidia. Conclui-se que a ocorrência de parasitoses gastrointestinais em cães é frequente, e as variáveis associadas a essas infecções foram procedência, raça, idade, convivência com outros animais e pelagem opaca.(AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Doenças Parasitárias em Animais/epidemiologia , Doenças do Cão/epidemiologia , Cães/parasitologia , Gastroenteropatias/veterinária , Toxocara/isolamento & purificação , Trichuris/isolamento & purificação , Brasil , Giardia lamblia/isolamento & purificação , Coccídios/isolamento & purificação , Ancylostoma/isolamento & purificaçãoRESUMO
Infection by Caryospora cheloniae has been reported to be responsible for green turtle strandings with high morbidity and mortality rates worldwide. Although studies have already shown the pathogenesis of these infections, many aspects of this protozoan are still poorly understood, including their life cycle and infection dynamics in free-living sea turtle populations. Due to the lack of information about the infection by this protozoan in sea turtles in Northeastern Brazil, our study aims to describe Caryospora sp. infection and its pathological findings in free-living Chelonia mydas found on the north coast of the Bahia state. Between 2018 and 2019, 64 specimens of green turtles were necropsied in partnership with Fundação Projeto Tamar; among these, 10 (1.56%) had oocysts morphologically compatible with Caryospora cheloniae in the evaluation of fecal samples and histopathological examination of intestinal samples. The infected animals were juvenile green turtles that were found stranded on the beaches of the north coast of Bahia. The pathological findings were restricted to the lower gastrointestinal tract, with different presentations and intensities. About 70% of the animals with coccidial infection exhibited erosive and ulcerative fibrinous enteritis. This is the first report of coccidiosis in green turtles on the north coast of Bahia.
Assuntos
Coccídios , Coccidiose , Eimeriidae , Tartarugas , Animais , Brasil/epidemiologia , Coccidiose/epidemiologia , Coccidiose/patologia , Coccidiose/veterináriaRESUMO
Toxoplasma gondii and Neospora spp. are protozoa that have a significant impact on animal health due to the diseases they cause in domestic and wild animals. The aim of the present study was to investigate the presence of antibodies against T. gondii and Neospora spp. in cats from northern Brazil. Serum samples were collected from 180 cats in the municipality of Araguaína, Tocantins and used to evaluate the presence of anti-T. gondii and anti-Neospora spp. antibodies using the indirect fluorescent antibody test, with a cutoff of 1:64 and 1:25, respectively. The association between infection and individual animal characteristics (age, sex, origin, breed, and clinical signs) was tested using univariate analysis, followed by multivariate logistic regression. We found that 48.3% (87/180) of the animals had anti-T. gondii (95% CI: 40.8%55.90%) and 3.9% (7/180) had anti-Neospora spp. (95% CI: 1.6%7.8%) antibodies. There was no association between age, sex, breed origin, clinical signs, and seropositivity for T. gondii. Cats of defined breeds were more likely to be infected by Neospora spp. (OR = 10.7). Therefore, we found a high rate of seropositivity for T. gondii and a high rate of occurrence of Neospora infections in cats from the Araguaína region. The exposure of the feline population to the studied coccidia indicates the need to monitor the feline population for these infections and underscores the importance of effective sanitary measures against such pathogens.(AU)
Toxoplasma gondii e Neospora spp. são protozoários com impacto relevante na saúde animal devido às doenças que causam em animais domésticos e silvestres. O objetivo do presente estudo foi investigar a presença de anticorpos contra T. gondii e Neospora spp. em gatos do norte do Brasil. Amostras de soro foram coletadas de 180 gatos no município de Araguaína, Tocantinse utilizadas para avaliar a presença de anticorpos anti-T. gondii e anti-Neospora spp. pela reação de imunofluorescência indireta, utilizando um ponto de corte de 1:64 e 1:25, respectivamente. Associação da infecção com as caracteristicas individuais dos animais (idade, sexo, origem, raça e sinais clínicos) foram testadas por meio de análise univariada, seguida de análise multivariada por regressão logistica. Como resultado, 48,3% (87/180) dos animais apresentaram anticorpos anti-T. gondii (IC 95%: 40,8% -55,90%) e 3,9% (7/180) anti-Neospora spp. (IC 95%: 1,6% -7,8%). Não foi encontrada associação entre idade, sexo, raça, origem e presença de sinais clínicos e a soropositividade para T. gondii. Gatos com raça definida apresentaram maior chance de infecção por Neospora spp. (OR=10,7). Portanto, registra-se elevada soropositividade de gatos para T. gondii e a ocorrência de infecção por Neospora em gatos da região de Araguaína, Tocantins. A exposição da população felina aos coccídios estudados indica a necessidade de monitoramento da população de felinos quanto a estas infecções e aplicação de medidas sanitárias eficazes contra tais patógenos.(AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Gatos , Toxoplasma , Coccídios , Neospora , Técnica Indireta de Fluorescência para Anticorpo , AnticorposRESUMO
Neospora caninum, Toxoplasma gondii and Hammondia spp. are coccidian parasites similar in morphology. Molecular techniques are necessary to detect parasite DNA isolated from stool samples in wild canids because they were reported as definitive hosts of N. caninum life cycle. The objective of this study was to develop a highly sensitive and accurate molecular method for the identification of coccidian Apicomplexa parasites in crab-eating fox (Cerdocyon thous) and pampas fox (Lycalopex gymnocercus). Tissue samples from road-killed animals (pampas fox = 46, crab-eating fox = 55) and feces (pampas fox = 84, crab-eating fox = 2) were collected, and species were diagnosed through molecular assay. PCR was used for the amplification of a fragment of the coccidian Apicomplexa nss-rRNA gene. Additionally, we developed a novel real-time PCR TaqMan™ probe approach to detect T. gondii- Hammondia spp. and N. caninum. This is the first report of N. caninum DNA in pampas fox feces (n = 1), thus it was also detected from pampas fox tissues (n = 1). Meanwhile, T. gondii was found in tissues of pampas (n = 1) and crab-eating (n = 1) foxes and H. triffittae in one crab-eating fox tissue. Despite the low percentage (2.5%) of positive samples, the molecular method developed in this study proved to be highly sensitive and accurate allowing to conduct an extensive monitoring analysis for these parasites in wildlife.
Assuntos
Apicomplexa/genética , Raposas/parasitologia , Infecções por Protozoários/diagnóstico , Animais , Animais Selvagens/genética , Apicomplexa/patogenicidade , Coccídios/genética , Coccídios/parasitologia , Fezes/microbiologia , Fezes/parasitologia , Comportamento Alimentar , Raposas/genética , Epidemiologia Molecular/métodos , Neospora/genética , Neospora/patogenicidade , Parasitos/genética , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase/métodos , Infecções por Protozoários/genética , UruguaiRESUMO
The objective of the present study was to identify the intestinal parasites with the highest prevalence in anatids that were reared extensively in the city of São Paulo, through coproparasitological examinations. Fecal samples (n=108) were collected at two times, with an interval of two months between them, during the year 2018. The samples were constituted from a pool of feces, and one sample was collected from each enclosure. The samples were identified as belonging to 13 species of anatids (Aix galericulata, Aix sponsa, Anser abyssinia, Chenonetta jubata, Chloephaga melanoptera, Chloephaga picta, Lophodytes cucullatus, Tadorna cana, Tadorna ferrugínea, Tadorna radjah, Tadorna tadorna, Tadorna tadornoide and Tadorna variegata). Samples of birds with or without clinical symptoms of endoparasitosis were then collected. The Coproplus® test was used to make the coproparasitological diagnosis and subsequently the material was examined individually, at Santo Amaro University in São Paulo. It was observed that 48.14% of the enclosures had birds infected by one or more endoparasites. Parasites of the order Coccidia presented the highest prevalence (22.22%), followed by those of the orders Trichuroidea (10.18%) and Ascaridia (4.63%). Moreover, Balantidium sp. was found, the cycle and relevance of these ciliates in birds is uncertain.
Assuntos
Coccídios , Enteropatias Parasitárias , Animais , Aves , Brasil , Fezes , Enteropatias Parasitárias/diagnóstico , Enteropatias Parasitárias/epidemiologia , Enteropatias Parasitárias/veterináriaRESUMO
O Toxoplasma gondii é um coccídeo zoonótico e cosmopolita, com transmissão horizontal e vertical, e ciclo biológico do tipo heteroxênico, capaz de infectar uma ampla variedade de animais homeotérmicos, incluindo primatas não-humanos e humanos. A evolução desta enfermidades e manifesta de forma aguda e crônica, dependendo da relação parasito-hospedeiro, condição fisiológica do infectado e virulência, podendo levar ao óbito. Neste relato, foram realizadas necropsias de três espécimes de Lagothrix lagotricha, sendo observado edema pulmonar e aumento no tamanho dos linfonodos mesentéricos e submandibulares, assim como hepatoesplenomegalia. Amostras de diferentes tecidos foram colhidas e fixadas em formol a 10% tamponado, processadas e analisadas. Por meio da histopatologia foram identificadas estruturas do T. gondii nas formas de cistos nos tecidos de linfonodos, musculatura cardíaca, pulmões, baço e fígado e taquizoítos no tecido hepático. Assim, pode-se concluir que que este relato contribui para o conhecimento sobre a infecção por T. gondii em primatas não-humanos, considerando a possibilidade de continuidade do ciclo no ecossistema amazônico, pela observância das formas do coccídeo em diversos tecidos de L. lagotricha, sem desenvolver as alterações macroscópicas caraterísticas.(AU)
Toxoplasma gondii is a zoonotic and cosmopolitan coccid, with horizontal and vertical transmission, and a biological cycle of the heteroxenic type, capable of infecting a wide variety of homeothermic animals, including non-human primates and human. The evolution of this disease manifests itself in an acute and chronic form, depending on the parasite-host relationship, the physiological condition of the infected and virulence, which can lead to death. In this report, necropsies of three specimens of Lagothrix lagotricha was performed. In the necroscopic examination of the specimens, pulmonary edema and an increase in the size of the mesenteric and submandibular lymph nodes, as well as hepatosplenomegaly. Samples from different tissues were collected and fixed in 10% buffered formaldehyde, processed and analyzed. Through histopathology, structures of of T. gondii were identified in the forms of cystzoites in lymph node tissues, cardiac musculature, lungs, spleen and liver, and tachyzoites in liver tissue. Thus, it can be concluded that this report contributes to the knowledge about the infection by T. gondii in non-human primates, considering the possibility of continuity of the cycle in the Amazonian ecosystem, by observing the forms of the coccid in several tissues of L. lagotricha, without developing macroscopic changes characteristics.(AU)
Toxoplasma gondii es un coccidio zoonótico y cosmopolita, contransmisión horizontal y vertical, y el ciclo biológico de tipo heteroxenico, capaz de infectar una amplia variedad de animales homeotérmicos, incluidos primatas no humanos y humanos. La evolución de esta enfermedad se manifesta de forma aguda y crónica, dependiendo de la relación parásito-huésped, la condición fisiológica del infectado y la virulencia, que puede conducir a la muerte. En este informe se realizó la necropsia de tres especímenes de Lagothrix lagotricha, com edema pulmonar y aumento del tamaño de los ganglios linfáticos mesentéricos y submandibulares, así como hepatoesplenomegalia. Se recolectaron muestras de diferentes tejidos y se fijaron en formaldehído tamponado al 10%, se procesaron y analizaron. Mediante histopatología, se identificaron estructuras de T. gondii en forma de cistos en tejidos de ganglios linfáticos, musculatura cardíaca, pulmones, bazo y hígado, y taquizoítos en el tejido hepático. Así, se pudo concluir que este informe contribuye con conocimiento sobre la infección por T. gondii en primatas no humanos, considerando la posibilidad de continuidad del ciclo en el ecosistema amazónico, al observar las formas del coccidio en varios tejidos de L. lagotricha, sin desarrollar los cambios macroscópicos característicos.(AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Atelinae/parasitologia , Toxoplasma , Coccídios , Toxoplasmose Animal/diagnóstico , Ecossistema Amazônico , BrasilRESUMO
O Toxoplasma gondii é um coccídeo zoonótico e cosmopolita, com transmissão horizontal e vertical, e ciclo biológico do tipo heteroxênico, capaz de infectar uma ampla variedade de animais homeotérmicos, incluindo primatas não-humanos e humanos. A evolução desta enfermidades e manifesta de forma aguda e crônica, dependendo da relação parasito-hospedeiro, condição fisiológica do infectado e virulência, podendo levar ao óbito. Neste relato, foram realizadas necropsias de três espécimes de Lagothrix lagotricha, sendo observado edema pulmonar e aumento no tamanho dos linfonodos mesentéricos e submandibulares, assim como hepatoesplenomegalia. Amostras de diferentes tecidos foram colhidas e fixadas em formol a 10% tamponado, processadas e analisadas. Por meio da histopatologia foram identificadas estruturas do T. gondii nas formas de cistos nos tecidos de linfonodos, musculatura cardíaca, pulmões, baço e fígado e taquizoítos no tecido hepático. Assim, pode-se concluir que que este relato contribui para o conhecimento sobre a infecção por T. gondii em primatas não-humanos, considerando a possibilidade de continuidade do ciclo no ecossistema amazônico, pela observância das formas do coccídeo em diversos tecidos de L. lagotricha, sem desenvolver as alterações macroscópicas caraterísticas.
Toxoplasma gondii is a zoonotic and cosmopolitan coccid, with horizontal and vertical transmission, and a biological cycle of the heteroxenic type, capable of infecting a wide variety of homeothermic animals, including non-human primates and human. The evolution of this disease manifests itself in an acute and chronic form, depending on the parasite-host relationship, the physiological condition of the infected and virulence, which can lead to death. In this report, necropsies of three specimens of Lagothrix lagotricha was performed. In the necroscopic examination of the specimens, pulmonary edema and an increase in the size of the mesenteric and submandibular lymph nodes, as well as hepatosplenomegaly. Samples from different tissues were collected and fixed in 10% buffered formaldehyde, processed and analyzed. Through histopathology, structures of of T. gondii were identified in the forms of cystzoites in lymph node tissues, cardiac musculature, lungs, spleen and liver, and tachyzoites in liver tissue. Thus, it can be concluded that this report contributes to the knowledge about the infection by T. gondii in non-human primates, considering the possibility of continuity of the cycle in the Amazonian ecosystem, by observing the forms of the coccid in several tissues of L. lagotricha, without developing macroscopic changes characteristics.
Toxoplasma gondii es un coccidio zoonótico y cosmopolita, contransmisión horizontal y vertical, y el ciclo biológico de tipo heteroxenico, capaz de infectar una amplia variedad de animales homeotérmicos, incluidos primatas no humanos y humanos. La evolución de esta enfermedad se manifesta de forma aguda y crónica, dependiendo de la relación parásito-huésped, la condición fisiológica del infectado y la virulencia, que puede conducir a la muerte. En este informe se realizó la necropsia de tres especímenes de Lagothrix lagotricha, com edema pulmonar y aumento del tamaño de los ganglios linfáticos mesentéricos y submandibulares, así como hepatoesplenomegalia. Se recolectaron muestras de diferentes tejidos y se fijaron en formaldehído tamponado al 10%, se procesaron y analizaron. Mediante histopatología, se identificaron estructuras de T. gondii en forma de cistos en tejidos de ganglios linfáticos, musculatura cardíaca, pulmones, bazo y hígado, y taquizoítos en el tejido hepático. Así, se pudo concluir que este informe contribuye con conocimiento sobre la infección por T. gondii en primatas no humanos, considerando la posibilidad de continuidad del ciclo en el ecosistema amazónico, al observar las formas del coccidio en varios tejidos de L. lagotricha, sin desarrollar los cambios macroscópicos característicos.
Assuntos
Animais , Atelinae/parasitologia , Coccídios , Toxoplasma , Toxoplasmose Animal/diagnóstico , Brasil , Ecossistema AmazônicoRESUMO
Abstract The objective of the present study was to identify the intestinal parasites with the highest prevalence in anatids that were reared extensively in the city of São Paulo, through coproparasitological examinations. Fecal samples (n=108) were collected at two times, with an interval of two months between them, during the year 2018. The samples were constituted from a pool of feces, and one sample was collected from each enclosure. The samples were identified as belonging to 13 species of anatids (Aix galericulata, Aix sponsa, Anser abyssinia, Chenonetta jubata, Chloephaga melanoptera, Chloephaga picta, Lophodytes cucullatus, Tadorna cana, Tadorna ferrugínea, Tadorna radjah, Tadorna tadorna, Tadorna tadornoide and Tadorna variegata). Samples of birds with or without clinical symptoms of endoparasitosis were then collected. The Coproplus® test was used to make the coproparasitological diagnosis and subsequently the material was examined individually, at Santo Amaro University in São Paulo. It was observed that 48.14% of the enclosures had birds infected by one or more endoparasites. Parasites of the order Coccidia presented the highest prevalence (22.22%), followed by those of the orders Trichuroidea (10.18%) and Ascaridia (4.63%). Moreover, Balantidium sp. was found, the cycle and relevance of these ciliates in birds is uncertain.
Resumo O objetivo do presente estudo foi identificar os parasitos intestinais de maior prevalência em anatídeos provenientes de uma criação extensiva no município de São Paulo, por meio da realização de exame coproparasitológico. Foram coletadas 108 amostras fecais em dois momentos, com intervalo de dois meses entre eles, durante o ano de 2018. As amostras foram constituídas de um pool de fezes, e coletada uma amostra para cada recinto por coleta. Foi realizada a identificação das espécies e estas pertenciam a 13 espécies de anatídeos (Aix galericulata, Aix sponsa, Anser abyssinia, Chenonetta jubata, Chloephaga melanoptera, Chloephaga picta, Lophodytes cucullatus, Tadorna cana, Tadorna ferrugínea, Tadorna radjah, Tadorna tadorna, Tadorna tadornoide e Tadorna variegata). Em seguida foram coletadas as amostras de aves com sintomatologia clínica ou não de endoparasitoses. Para o diagnóstico coproparasitológico e coleta foi utilizado o teste Coproplus® e posteriormente, o material foi examinado individualmente na Universidade Santo Amaro. Observou-se que 48,14% dos recintos possuíam animais infectados por um ou mais endoparasitos. Houve maior prevalência para parasitos da ordem Coccidia (22,22%), seguido pela ordem Trichuroidea (10,18%) e Ascaridia (4,63%) e como achado o Balantidium sp. que possui ciclo e relevância incerta em aves.
Assuntos
Animais , Coccídios , Enteropatias Parasitárias/diagnóstico , Enteropatias Parasitárias/veterinária , Enteropatias Parasitárias/epidemiologia , Aves , Brasil , FezesRESUMO
The Dactylosomatidae Jakowska and Negrelli, 1955 are one of four families belonging to adeleorinid coccidia and comprise the genera Babesiosoma Jakowska and Nigrelli, 1956 and Dactylosoma Labbé, 1894. These blood protozoa occur in peripheral blood of lower vertebrates, and are commonly reported parasitising amphibians. The present study describes Dactylosoma piperis n. sp. from the pepper frog Leptodactylus labyrinthicus (Spix, 1824) (Anura: Leptodactylidae), collected in 2018 at the municipality of Araguaiana, Mato Grosso State, Brazil, based on morphology of intra-erythrocytic trophozoite, primary and secondary merogonic stages and a molecular analysis (partial 18S rDNA). Dactylosoma piperis n. sp. forms a well-supported clade with other Dactylosomatidae. This is the first molecular characterization of a species of Dactylosoma from a Brazilian anuran.
TITLE: Une nouvelle espèce, Dactylosoma piperis n. sp. (Apicomplexa, Dactylosomatidae), parasite de la grenouille Leptodactylus labyrinthicus (Anura, Leptodactylidae) de l'état du Mato Grosso, Brésil. ABSTRACT: Les Dactylosomatidae Jakowska et Negrelli, 1955 sont l'une des quatre familles appartenant aux coccidies Adeleorina et comprennent les genres Babesiosoma Jakowska et Nigrelli, 1956 et Dactylosoma Labbé, 1894. Ces protozoaires sanguins se trouvent dans le sang périphérique des vertébrés inférieurs et sont fréquemment signalés comme parasitant des amphibiens. Ce travail décrit Dactylosoma piperis n. sp. de la grenouille Leptodactylus labyrinthicus (Spix, 1824) (Anura : Leptodactylidae), collectée en 2018 dans la municipalité d'Araguaiana, État du Mato Grosso, Brésil, d'après la morphologie du trophozoïte intra-érythrocytaire, des stades mérogoniques primaires et secondaires et une analyse moléculaire (ADNr 18S partiel). Dactylosoma piperis n. sp. forme un clade bien soutenu avec d'autres Dactylosomatidae. Il s'agit de la première caractérisation moléculaire d'une espèce de Dactylosoma à partir d'un anoure brésilien.
Assuntos
Anuros , Coccídios , Animais , Anuros/parasitologia , Brasil , Coccídios/classificação , Coccídios/citologia , Coccídios/genética , Filogenia , RNA Ribossômico 18S/genética , Especificidade da EspécieAssuntos
Doenças das Aves/parasitologia , Coccídios/classificação , Coccidiose/veterinária , Ecologia , Interações Hospedeiro-Parasita , Animais , Animais Selvagens , Biomarcadores , Doenças das Aves/epidemiologia , Aves , Coccídios/genética , Coccídios/fisiologia , Coccidiose/epidemiologia , Coccidiose/parasitologia , Polimorfismo Genético , PrevalênciaRESUMO
This study aimed to analyze the parasites infesting pigs and their producers on family farms in Tanguá, RJ, Brazil, and to conduct extension activities between 2018 and 2019. Fecal samples were collected from 132 pigs, as well as, skin scrapings from the ears of 125 animals. In addition, 36 stool specimens from farmers and their families were analyzed. The collected material was processed by direct examination, sedimentation and flotation techniques. Gastrointestinal parasites were detected in 88.6% of the pigs, especially coccidia (71.8%), Balantioides coli (55%), strongyles (40.2%) and Strongyloides ransomi (31.6%) which showed statistically significance (p<0.05). Ectoparasites were identified in 16% of the pigs, mostly Sarcoptes scabiei var. suis (76.2%). Parasites were detected in 19.4% of the humans, including, Entamoeba coli (19.4%), Ascaris lumbricoides (8.3%) and Trichuris trichiura (5.5%). The frequency of B. coli and S. scabiei var. suis (p<0.05) were statistically significant, when analyzing the age group of the animals, having been more detected in the older years, fatterners phase. The pig farmers participated in these activities extension, which included lecture and "field day", aimed at imparting information about parasites and their prophylaxis. The situation in Tanguá pig farms reinforces the need to carry out programs that provide technical support to these farmers, whose livelihood depends on pig farming.(AU)
Este estudo objetivou analisar os parasitos que infectam suínos e seus produtores em propriedades familiares em Tanguá, RJ, Brasil, realizando atividades extensionistas entre 2018 e 2019. Amostras fecais foram coletadas de 132 suínos, bem como raspados da pele da orelha de 125 animais. Além disso, 36 amostras fecais dos produtores e seus familiares foram analisadas. O material coletado foi processado pelo exame direto e por técnicas de sedimentação e flutuação. Parasitos gastrointestinais foram detectados em 88,6% dos suínos, principalmente coccídios (71,8%), Balantioides coli (55%), estrôngilos (40,2%) e Strongyloides ransomi (31,6%) que apresentaram significância estatística (p<0,05). Ectoparasitos foram identificados em 16% dos suínos, principalmente Sarcoptes scabiei var. suis (76,2%). Parasitos foram detectados em 19,4% das amostras fecais humanas, incluindo Entamoeba coli (19,4%), Ascaris lumbricoides (8,3%) e Trichuris trichiura (5,5%). A frequência de B. coli e S. scabiei var. suis foi estatisticamente significativa (p<0,05), quando se analisou os animais por faixa etária, tendo sido principalmente detectado nos animais mais velhos, como na fase de terminação. Os produtores de suínos participaram ativamente das atividades de extensão, incluído a palestra e a atividade "dia de campo", que tinham como objetivo mediar informações sobre parasitos e suas medidas profiláticas. A situação nas granjas familiares de Tanguá demonstra a necessidade de realização de programas que apoiem tecnicamente esses produtores, que utilizam a suinocultura como fonte de subsistência.(AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Strongyloides/isolamento & purificação , Balantidium/isolamento & purificação , Coccídios/isolamento & purificação , Sus scrofa/parasitologia , Doenças dos Suínos/epidemiologia , Zoonoses , Criação de Animais Domésticos/educaçãoRESUMO
This study aimed to analyze the parasites infesting pigs and their producers on family farms in Tanguá, RJ, Brazil, and to conduct extension activities between 2018 and 2019. Fecal samples were collected from 132 pigs, as well as, skin scrapings from the ears of 125 animals. In addition, 36 stool specimens from farmers and their families were analyzed. The collected material was processed by direct examination, sedimentation and flotation techniques. Gastrointestinal parasites were detected in 88.6% of the pigs, especially coccidia (71.8%), Balantioides coli (55%), strongyles (40.2%) and Strongyloides ransomi (31.6%) which showed statistically significance (p<0.05). Ectoparasites were identified in 16% of the pigs, mostly Sarcoptes scabiei var. suis (76.2%). Parasites were detected in 19.4% of the humans, including, Entamoeba coli (19.4%), Ascaris lumbricoides (8.3%) and Trichuris trichiura (5.5%). The frequency of B. coli and S. scabiei var. suis (p<0.05) were statistically significant, when analyzing the age group of the animals, having been more detected in the older years, fatterners phase. The pig farmers participated in these activities extension, which included lecture and "field day", aimed at imparting information about parasites and their prophylaxis. The situation in Tanguá pig farms reinforces the need to carry out programs that provide technical support to these farmers, whose livelihood depends on pig farming.(AU)
Este estudo objetivou analisar os parasitos que infectam suínos e seus produtores em propriedades familiares em Tanguá, RJ, Brasil, realizando atividades extensionistas entre 2018 e 2019. Amostras fecais foram coletadas de 132 suínos, bem como raspados da pele da orelha de 125 animais. Além disso, 36 amostras fecais dos produtores e seus familiares foram analisadas. O material coletado foi processado pelo exame direto e por técnicas de sedimentação e flutuação. Parasitos gastrointestinais foram detectados em 88,6% dos suínos, principalmente coccídios (71,8%), Balantioides coli (55%), estrôngilos (40,2%) e Strongyloides ransomi (31,6%) que apresentaram significância estatística (p<0,05). Ectoparasitos foram identificados em 16% dos suínos, principalmente Sarcoptes scabiei var. suis (76,2%). Parasitos foram detectados em 19,4% das amostras fecais humanas, incluindo Entamoeba coli (19,4%), Ascaris lumbricoides (8,3%) e Trichuris trichiura (5,5%). A frequência de B. coli e S. scabiei var. suis foi estatisticamente significativa (p<0,05), quando se analisou os animais por faixa etária, tendo sido principalmente detectado nos animais mais velhos, como na fase de terminação. Os produtores de suínos participaram ativamente das atividades de extensão, incluído a palestra e a atividade "dia de campo", que tinham como objetivo mediar informações sobre parasitos e suas medidas profiláticas. A situação nas granjas familiares de Tanguá demonstra a necessidade de realização de programas que apoiem tecnicamente esses produtores, que utilizam a suinocultura como fonte de subsistência.(AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Strongyloides/isolamento & purificação , Balantidium/isolamento & purificação , Coccídios/isolamento & purificação , Sus scrofa/parasitologia , Doenças dos Suínos/epidemiologia , Zoonoses , Criação de Animais Domésticos/educaçãoRESUMO
Amphibians are among the most threatened vertebrate groups in the world, and the main causes include climate change, habitat destruction, and emerging diseases. Herein, we investigated the occurrence and characterized molecularly Apicomplexa in anurans from southeastern Brazil. Forty individuals from seven anuran species were sampled in São Paulo state. In the molecular analyses, one Leptodactylus latrans and one Rhinella diptycha were positive in PCR assays for species of Hepatozoon. Two L. latrans were also positive for coccidian infections (Lankesterella sp. and an unidentified coccidian species). Phylogenetic analysis based on 18S rDNA clustered the sequences detected in anurans from the present study with Hepatozoon spp. detected in reptiles and other anurans from Brazil, albeit they were separate from Hepatozoon haplotypes detected in frogs from Africa and North America. Our study showed, for the first time, the molecular detection of Lankesterella sp. and another coccidian in L. latrans. Additionally, co-infection by different species of Hepatozoon haplotypes and an unidentified coccidian in anurans from Brazil was documented.
Assuntos
Anuros/parasitologia , Apicomplexa/genética , Apicomplexa/isolamento & purificação , Infecções Protozoárias em Animais/parasitologia , Animais , Anuros/classificação , Apicomplexa/classificação , Brasil/epidemiologia , Coccídios/classificação , Coccídios/genética , Coccídios/isolamento & purificação , Coccidiose/epidemiologia , Coccidiose/parasitologia , Coccidiose/veterinária , DNA de Protozoário/genética , DNA Ribossômico/genética , Filogenia , Infecções Protozoárias em Animais/epidemiologiaRESUMO
Intestinal coccidia have been classified as protozoa of the Apicomplex phylum, with the presence of an intracellular behavior and adaptation to the habit of the intestinal mucosa, related to several parasites that can cause enteric infections in humans, generating especially complications in immunocompetent patients and opportunistic infections in immunosuppressed patients. Alterations such as HIV/AIDS, cancer and immunosuppression. Cryptosporidium spp., Cyclospora cayetanensis and Cystoisospora belli are frequently found in the species. Multiple cases have been reported in which their parasitic organisms are associated with varying degrees of infections in the host, generally characterized by gastrointestinal clinical manifestations that can be observed with diarrhea, vomiting, abdominal cramps, malaise and severe dehydration. Therefore, in this review a specific study of epidemiology has been conducted in relation to its distribution throughout the world and in Colombia, especially, global and national reports about the association of coccidia informed with HIV/AIDS. Proposed revision considering the needs of a consolidated study in parasitology, establishing clarifications from the transmission mechanisms, global and national epidemiological situation, impact at a clinical level related to immunocompetent and immunocompromised individuals, as well as a focus on public health in institutional government policies and scientific information based on the characterization of coccidia in the tropical region and Colombia.
Los coccidios intestinales se han clasificado como protozoos del Apicomplexa phylum, con presencia de un comportamiento intracelular y adaptación al hábito de la mucosa intestinal, relacionado con varios parásitos que pueden causar infecciones entéricas en los humanos, generando especialmente complicaciones en pacientes inmunocompetentes e infecciones oportunistas en pacientes inmunodeprimidos. Alteraciones como el VIH/SIDA, cáncer e inmunosupresión con tratamientos farmacológicos. En las especies que se encuentran frecuentemente se encuentran Cryptosporidium spp., Cyclospora cayetanensis y Cystoisospora belli. Se han reportado múltiples casos en los que sus organismos parásitos se asocian a diversos grados de infecciones en el huésped, generalmente caracterizadas por manifestaciones clínicas gastrointestinales que pueden observarse con diarrea, vómitos, calambres abdominales, malestar general y deshidratación severa. Por lo tanto, en esta revisión se ha realizado un estudio específico de epidemiología con relación a su distribución en todo el mundo y en Colombia, especialmente, reportes a nivel global y nacional a cerca de la asociación de coccidios informados con el VIH/SIDA. Revisión propuesta con el objetivo de considerar las necesidades de un estudio consolidado a nivel del campo de la parasitología, evidenciando literatura actualizada, estableciendo información de los mecanismos de transmisión, situación epidemiológica global y nacional, impacto a nivel clínico relacionadas con individuos inmunocompetentes e inmunocomprometidos, así como un enfoque en salud pública en políticas gubernamentales institucionales y la información científica basada en la caracterización de coccidias en la región tropical y principalmente en Colombia.
Assuntos
Humanos , Coccídios , Parasitos , Saúde Pública , Epidemiologia , HIV , Terapia de Imunossupressão , Colômbia , Cryptosporidium , CyclosporaRESUMO
In Brazil, species of the genus Ramphocelus with the presence of various endoparasites have already been reported. Coccidia have been the parasites most frequently found. All species of this genus have similar habitats and ecological niches, which makes parasite transmission easy. The aim of this study was to diagnose the presence of endoparasites in fecal samples from specimens of Ramphocelus carbo that were caught in the Cazumbá-Iracema Extractive Reserve (Cazumbá Resex), in the State of Acre. The specimens (n = 30) were caught in mist nets arranged in different ecosystems of the Reserve. After identification, the bird specimens were placed in cloth bags for a maximum of 30 minutes to collect feces. Among the 22 samples collected, 63.63% (n = 14) were positive for endoparasites. The coccidia were the parasites most frequently. Helminths belonging to Ascaridiidae (Nematoda), Strongylida (Nematoda) and Davaneidae (Cestoda) were recorded for the first time in R. carbo in the State of Acre. Parasites belonging to Strongylida and Davaneidae were recorded for the first time in a species of Ramphocelus. These findings add information on the parasitic fauna of wild birds, since in the Amazon region there are few studies on this subject.
Assuntos
Doenças das Aves/parasitologia , Coccídios/isolamento & purificação , Helmintos/isolamento & purificação , Passeriformes/parasitologia , Animais , Brasil , Coccídios/classificação , Fezes/parasitologia , Helmintos/classificação , Passeriformes/classificação , Estrongilídios/isolamento & purificaçãoRESUMO
In northeastern Brazil, with has a predominantly dry climate, farmers seek alternative sources of income and livelihood by the rearing pigs. The gastrointestinal parasites that affect these animals represent an obstacle in the production and can cause significant economic loss. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and risk factors associated with gastrointestinal nematodes and Coccidia in swine herds in the Sousa microregion, Paraíba state, northeastern Brazil. This was a cross-sectional study, and the sampling was designed to determine the prevalence of endoparasite-positive farms and pigs. We randomly selected 51 farms and 187 pigs. Fecal samples were collected from each animal, and eggs per gram and oocysts per gram feces were recorded. The data collected in the epidemiological questionnaires were used to determine the possible risk factors associated with endoparasite-positive animal status. The prevalence of gastrointestinal nematodes and Coccidia in the pigs was 79.5% (149/187). Coccidia were the most prevalent parasite found, with 56.6% (106/187) of the pigs testing positive, followed by nematodes 22.9% (43/187). Strongylidae was the most common nematodes found (67.5%, 29/43), followed by Trichuris sp. (30.2%, 13/43) and Ascaris sp. (2.3%, 1/43). In 29 coprocultures, Strongylidae was identified: Oesophagostomum (82.2%, 25/29), Strongyloides (62.0%, 18/29), and Hyostrongylus (27.5%, 8/29). Mixed nematode and coccidial infection were observed in 72.4% (21/29) of the samples. Relevant risk factors were related to the type of management adopted by family farmers. Changes in management measures could improve the health profile of farms.