Is Personality Pathology Ego-Syntonic? Self- and Meta-Perception of Maladaptive Personality Traits.

Research has challenged the assumption that personality pathology is "ego-syntonic" or perceived favorably and consistent with one's self-image. The present study employed a community sample (n = 401) to examine relations between self-rated maladaptive personality and liking of maladaptive traits in self and others as well as meta-perception of personality pathology (i.e., how likable participants believe others find maladaptive traits). In general, individuals with higher self-rated maladaptive traits provided higher ratings of the likability of these traits in themselves and others. However, as hypothesized, comparison of liking ratings for high scorers and the rest of the sample revealed that individuals who score high on most pathological personality traits do not "like" these traits (or rate others as "liking" them) but simply dislike them less. Results support a dimensional view of ego-syntonicity.

Ego-Boosting Hormone: Self-Reported and Blood-Based Testosterone Are Associated With Higher Narcissism.

Grandiose narcissism is defined as increased motivation for status and viewing oneself as entitled and superior to others. We hypothesized that these tendencies might be associated with basal levels of testosterone because testosterone is considered the most social hormone-driving dominance and the motivation to achieve social status. We distinguished between two facets of grandiose narcissism: agentic (i.e., the tendency to self-promotion in order to win others' admiration and social influence) and antagonistic (i.e., a reactive strategy used to restore threatened status). In 283 adult men, we examined the association between these facets of narcissism and blood-tested and self-reported testosterone levels. Agentic narcissism-the default narcissistic strategy-was positively associated with both testosterone indicators. Moreover, self-reported and objectively measured testosterone were positively correlated. These findings extend previous work by showing that the facets of narcissism have distinct hormonal underpinnings.

"Ego massaging that helps": a framework analysis study of internal medicine trainees' interprofessional collaboration approaches.

INTRODUCTION: Patient care depends on collaborative practice. Debate remains as to the best approach to providing education for collaboration, with educational interventions often far removed from the realities of the clinical workplace. Understanding the approaches used for collaboration in clinical practice could inform practical strategies for training. For internal medicine trainees, this involves collaboration with other professions but also with other specialties. This study aimed to explore the approaches that internal medicine trainees use for interprofessional collaboration and the ways that these approaches vary when internal medicine trainees interact with different healthcare provider groups. METHODS: Following ethical approval and participant consent, interprofessional communication workshops between August 2020 and March 2021 were audio recorded and transcribed verbatim. Workshops involved groups of internal medicine trainees discussing collaboration challenges and the approaches they use in clinical practice. This framework analysis study used the interprofessional collaboration framework described by Bainbridge and Regehr (building social capital, perspective taking and negotiating priorities and resources), and cross-referenced the categorised data with the healthcare groups that trainees collaborate with, to look for patterns in the data. RESULTS: Seventeen workshops, involving 100 trainees, were included. Trainees described relationship building, perspective taking and negotiating priorities and resources. Relationship building was a modification to the original framework domain of building social capital. Themes of power and civility transcended domains with evidence of using hierarchy as leverage when negotiating and employing civility as a tactical approach throughout. DISCUSSION: This bi-dimensional analysis highlights patterns of perspective taking when collaborating with other specialties and professions, and the approaches to negotiation of courting favour and coercion when interacting with other specialties. This study provides evidence of the strategies currently utilised by internal medicine trainees, with different healthcare groups, and presents a modified framework which could inform the development of training for collaboration.

Does willpower mindset really moderate the ego-depletion effect? A preregistered replication of Job, Dweck, and Walton (2010).

This article reports a preregistered study in which we attempted to replicate the results of an influential study on the ego-depletion effect reported by Job, Dweck, and Walton in 2010. The original Job et al. study (Study 1, N = 60) provided evidence that the ego-depletion effect-a performance decrease on a self-control task after performing another self-control task-occurs only for individuals who hold a belief that their willpower is limited. This moderation of the ego-depletion effect by one's willpower mindset (limited vs. nonlimited) has been interpreted as evidence against a prevalent limited-resource account of self-control. Although this alternative account of the ego-depletion effect has become well-known, the statistical evidence of the original study was on shaky ground. We therefore conducted a preregistered replication of the original study with some methodological improvements. As in the original study, participants (N = 187) performed a self-control task (Stroop color-word interference task) after performing the control or depletion version of a letter cancelation task. Despite extensive analyses, we failed to replicate the original results: There was neither a significant main effect of ego depletion nor a significant moderation of this ego-depletion effect by individual differences in willpower mindset. Together with other recent failures to replicate the original moderation effect, our results cast doubts on the claim that an individual's view of whether willpower is limited or not affects one's susceptibility to the ego-depletion effect.

Studying trait-characteristics and neural correlates of the emotional ego- and altercentric bias using an audiovisual paradigm.

In social interactions, emotional biases can arise when the emotional state of oneself and another person are incongruent. A person's ability to judge the other's emotional state can then be biased by their own emotional state, leading to an emotional egocentric bias (EEB). Alternatively, a person's perception of their own emotional state can be biased by the other's emotional state leading to an emotional altercentric bias (EAB). Using a modified audiovisual paradigm, we examined in three studies (n = 171; two online & one lab-based study) whether emotional biases can be considered traits by measuring two timepoints within participant and relating empathy trait scores to emotional biases, as well as the electrophysiological correlates of emotional biases. In all studies, we found a congruency effect, reflecting an EEB and EAB of small size. Both biases failed to correlate significantly within participants across timepoints and did not display significant relationships with empathy trait scores. On the electrophysiological level, we did not find any neural emotional bias effects in the time-frequency domain. Our results suggest that EEB and EAB effects are strongly task sensitive. Caution is warranted when studying interindividual differences in emotional biases using this paradigm, as they did not show significant test-retest reliabilities.

Daily relationships between job insecurity and emotional labor amid COVID-19: Mediation of ego depletion and moderation of off-job control and work-related smartphone use.

The economic recession in the service sector during the COVID-19 pandemic has jeopardized service employees' job security. While the daily fluctuations of perceived job insecurity may have implications for service employees' emotional labor, the day-to-day relationship between these two variables and their mediating and moderating mechanisms in the pandemic context remain unknown. To fill this gap, our research examined the day-level relationship between job insecurity perceptions, ego depletion, and emotional labor, as well as the moderating effects of overnight off-job control and work-related smartphone use. To assess these relationships, we conducted two daily studies during the COVID-19 pandemic. In study 1 (March-April 2020), 135 service employees responded to morning and evening online surveys for five workdays. In study 2 (June 2022), which administered morning and evening online surveys to 90 flight attendants for five workdays, work-related COVID-19 exposure risk was controlled in the analyses. The results of the two studies demonstrated that on a day when service employees perceived a high level of job insecurity, they felt ego-depleted, which, in turn, was associated with decreased deep acting and increased surface acting. Post hoc findings indicated a significant three-way interaction between off-job control, off-job work-related smartphone use, and daily job insecurity, such that the job insecurity-ego depletion-emotional labor was most pronounced when off-job control was low and off-job work-related smartphone use was high. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).

Revisiting the ego-syntonic assumption: Investigating neuroticism and harmony with thoughts of negative emotions.

It has been assumed that personality disorders or constituent traits are ego-syntonic, but studies that have addressed this claim have revealed ego-dystonicity. Across three studies (two preregistered), we addressed some methodological weaknesses in these past studies that may conceal ego-syntonicity. Participants (total N = 1,331) completed measures of neuroticism and then imagined experiences that predominantly induced either fear, sadness, or anger (Studies 1 and 2) or recalled past experiences that predominantly elicited each emotion (Study 3). Subsequently, participants judged their emotional reactions on the two ego-syntonicity dimensions of (a) consonance with the self and (b) acceptance (evaluation). Across the studies, neuroticism generally had positive and about moderate-sized relations to consonance judgments and between trivial-sized and small-sized relations to acceptance judgments that were most often positive (Studies 1 and 2) but sometimes negative (Study 3); mean-level analyses suggested that people with relatively higher neuroticism indicated their emotional experiences were, most often, somewhat consonant with the self and acceptable. Regardless, in Study 3, the sample, including those relatively higher in neuroticism, indicated their recalled emotions were too extreme. Broadly, the data suggest that people relatively higher (vs. lower) in neuroticism may regard their contextualized negative emotion as more consonant with the self but not necessarily as more acceptable. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).

The stability of transient relationships.

In contrast to long-term relationships, far less is known about the temporal evolution of transient relationships, although these constitute a substantial fraction of people's communication networks. Previous literature suggests that ratings of relationship emotional intensity decay gradually until the relationship ends. Using mobile phone data from three countries (US, UK, and Italy), we demonstrate that the volume of communication between ego and its transient alters does not display such a systematic decay, instead showing a lack of any dominant trends. This means that the communication volume of egos to groups of similar transient alters is stable. We show that alters with longer lifetimes in ego's network receive more calls, with the lifetime of the relationship being predictable from call volume within the first few weeks of first contact. This is observed across all three countries, which include samples of egos at different life stages. The relation between early call volume and lifetime is consistent with the suggestion that individuals initially engage with a new alter so as to evaluate their potential as a tie in terms of homophily.

Pathways from the clinical learning environment and ego identity to professional identity: A cross-sectional study.

BACKGROUND: The clinical learning environment and ego identity are positively related to professional identity. However, the pathways from these factors to professional identity are unknown. Aim This study explores the pathways from the clinical learning environment and ego identity to professional identity. METHODS: The study used a convenience sampling method in a comprehensive hospital in Hunan Province, China to enrol 222 nursing interns between April and May 2021. General information questionnaires and scales with good psychometric properties (e.g., Environment Evaluation Scale for Clinical Nursing Internship, Ego Identity Scale, and Professional Identification Scale) were used to collect data. A structural equation model was used to explore the relationships between the clinical learning environment, ego identity, and professional identity among nursing interns. RESULTS: The professional identity of nursing interns was positively correlated with the clinical learning environment and ego identity. The clinical learning environment had a direct effect (Effect = -0.052, P < 0.05) and an indirect effect through ego identity (Effect = -0.042, P < 0.05) on nursing interns' professional identity. CONCLUSION: The clinical learning environment and ego identity are important influencing factors of professional identity among nursing interns. Therefore, clinical teaching hospitals and teachers should pay attention to the improvement in the clinical learning environment and the cultivation of nursing interns' ego identity.

Ego-defense mechanisms and brief psychotherapies for the management of major depressive disorder in adults: A longitudinal and quasi-experimental study.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of psychotherapies on ego defense mechanisms and the reduction of depressive symptoms in a 12-month follow-up period. METHODS: This longitudinal and quasi-experimental study nested within a randomized clinical trial included a clinical sample of adults (18-60 years) diagnosed with major depressive disorder using the Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview. Two models of psychotherapy were used: Supportive Expressive Dynamic Psychotherapy (SEDP) and Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT). Defense Style Questionnaire 40 was used to analyze defense mechanisms and the Beck Depression Inventory was used to measure the depressive symptoms. RESULTS: The total sample comprised 195 patients (113 SEDP and 82 CBT), with the mean age was 35.63 (11.44) years. After adjustments, increased mature defenses was significantly associated with reduced depressive symptoms at all follow-up times (p < 0.001) and the decrease in immature defenses was significantly associated with the reduction of depressive symptoms at all follow-up times (p < 0.001). While neurotic defenses were not associated with a reduction in depressive symptoms at any time of follow-up (p > 0.05). CONCLUSION: Both models of psychotherapy were effective in increasing mature defenses and decreasing immature ones, as well as decreasing depressive symptoms at all evaluation times. With this, it is understood that a greater understanding of these interactions will allow a more adequate diagnostic and prognostic evaluation and the design of useful strategies that adapt to the patient's reality.

"Faith Is Not Enough?" Ego-Resiliency and Religiosity as Coping Resources with Pandemic Stress-Mediation Study.

Based on the concepts of Pargament's adaptational functions of religiosity, Huber's centrality of religiosity, and Block's conceptualisation of ego-resiliency as psychosocial resources, a nonexperimental, moderated mediation project was designed for a group of 175 women and 57 men who voluntarily participated in an online study to determine whether and to what extent religiosity mediated or moderated the relationship between ego-resiliency and the severity of PTSD and depression during the COVID-19 epidemic. The analyses carried out showed that the studied variables, ego-resiliency and centrality of religiosity, were predictors of the intensity of some psychopathological reactions caused by the COVID-19 pandemic but were not connected via a mediation relationship. Therefore, one question remains open: what is the role of ego-resiliency and the nature of the stated immunogenic effect of the centrality of religiosity in dealing with the critical threat to mental health that is the COVID-19 pandemic?

Some Arguments About Free Association as a Technique.

Freud, early in psychoanalytic history, modified hypnotic technique and recommended, in its stead, free association. This paper takes a close look at the theoretical foundations of that technique in light of theoretical developments over the past hundred plus years. It is argued that free association is similar to an asymptote, which is never quite reached. Moreover, it is argued that the direction to free associate is contraindicated in many, if not most, psychological disturbances. Guided association or avoidance of free association is sometimes required. For a limited group of patients, whose major ego functions (abstraction, integration, and reality testing), ego strengths (impulse control, affect tolerance, and containing primary process), object relations (capacities for empathy, trust, and closeness), and superego (shame/guilt) are intact, the direction to use the couch and attempt to free associate may still be quite useful. For most people who present for treatment, however, this approach is likely not beneficial. The complex arguments about the decision-making process regarding free association are discussed.

Destructive Leadership and Turnover Intention among Chinese Rural Kindergarten Teachers: The Mediation of Ego Depletion and the Moderation of Kindergarten Affiliation.

One of the main challenges to the growth of early childhood education in rural China is the high teacher turnover rates. This study investigated the association between destructive leadership and turnover intention, as well as the mediating function of ego depletion and the moderating role of kindergarten affiliation, based on social exchange theory and ego depletion theory. A total of 409 Chinese rural kindergarten teachers were selected to complete a questionnaire on destructive leadership, ego depletion, and turnover intention. The results revealed that destructive leadership, ego depletion, and turnover intention were positively correlated. After controlling for age, destructive leadership was a positive predictor of turnover intention. The mediation model test revealed that ego depletion acted as a mediator between destructive leadership and turnover intention. Moreover, kindergarten affiliation mitigated the impact of destructive leadership on ego depletion. This effect is more pronounced in public kindergarten teachers compared to private kindergarten teachers. This study adds to our knowledge of the contributing factors and functioning mechanisms underlining turnover intentions among rural kindergarten teachers. It also provides new perspectives for policymakers and administrators to address rural kindergarten teacher attrition.

A novel ego dissolution scale: A construct validation study.

Ego dissolution (i.e., ego loss, ego disintegration, ego death, or self-loss) is a conscious state marked by a loss or diminution of one's sense of self and a lack of first-person experience. We developed a novel, valid, and internally consistent ego dissolution scale to both (a) assess trait-like aspects of ego dissolution, which have received scant attention to date, and (b) facilitate future research in a variety of contexts (e.g., personality, psychopathology, substance use/psychedelics, contemplative practices). We determined that the 10-item Ego Dissolution Scale (EDS; Cronbach's α = 0.80) and its identified subfactors of Ego-Loss (Cronbach's α = 0.84) and Unity (Cronbach's α = 0.75) were internally consistent, possessed strong convergent (e.g., depersonalization/derealization, mysticism, unusual experiences) and discriminant validity (e.g., neuroticism, social desirability). We found ego dissolution and dissociation to be empirically related yet discriminable on a statistical basis.

How to measure ego-resiliency in the face of various life-changing crises: Measurement invariance, convergent and discriminant validity and reliability of the Polish version of the Revised Ego-Resiliency Scale (ER89-R12).

This study examines the generalizability of the latent structure of the Polish version of the Ego-Resiliency Scale (ER89-R12), a brief self-report scale that measures ego-resiliency. We investigated the measurement invariance, validity, and reliability of ER89-R12 among three groups of individuals who were facing various major, long-term, life-changing crises (N = 512): parents of children with Down's syndrome, women with breast cancer, and individuals after divorce. The analysis of the measurement invariance confirmed the two-factor structure of the questionnaire and the high reliability of this measure in those studied groups. A multigroup confirmatory factor analysis provided evidence of configural, metric, scalar, and residual invariance across the three groups. Moreover, the correlation patterns were similar across the groups. Ego-resiliency was strongly and consistently positively correlated with mental health: psychological well-being, perceived social support, self-esteem, and post-traumatic growth, and negatively correlated with perceived stress. The presented results indicate the potential usefulness of the ER89-R12 tool in studies on people experiencing various crises in their lives.

The Search for Our Identity.

Identity has been a part of psychiatry from its roots. Sigmund Freud's description of the id, ego, and super ego reflects the various identities that lie within each of us. Carl Jung introduced the development of our identity through the stages of life. We have identity disorders in the DSM. In psychiatry, we diagnose patients, and that diagnosis can meaningfully impact identity formation. It plays a part in the way persons views themselves while also influencing how they are perceived by others. The discussion of identity development through our experiences and how we view our current identity plays an integral role in therapy. This month's Book Forum focuses on 3 books that look at identity through various lenses of experience, diagnosis, and treatment. Although they provide just a snapshot, it is clear from these reviews the significant impact that these books made on the reader.

A autora e os bichos: a vida íntima de Ulisses / La autora y los animales: la vida íntima de Ulisses / The author and the animals: the intimate life of Ulisses

RESUMO. O objetivo deste estudo teórico é problematizar a presença do cachorro Ulisses como alter ego de Clarice Lispector no livro infantil Quase de verdade (1978). Ulisses era também o cachorro da autora, mencionado por ela em diversas entrevistas e no livro Um sopro de vida (1999) em termos de sua humanidade, que o habilitaria a compreender Clarice de um modo particular e mais próximo, quase cúmplice. Essa humanidade se concretiza quando ele assume a narração em Quase de verdade, posicionando Clarice como sua intérprete. A relação com o bicho revela-se de modo simbiótico, recuperando tanto uma experiência mais instintiva da autora como permitindo a fruição das emoções presentes no animal, em um processo de complementaridade. Como vértices de um mesmo eu, discute-se em que medida Ulisses também funciona como um intérprete de Clarice, propondo a ela uma experiência concreta de viver que ultrapassaria a construção de uma inteligibilidade racional. A dimensão do viver, sensorial e corpóreo, desse modo, apresenta-se como superior à atividade compreensiva, aproximando Clarice do universo íntimo, básico e igualmente selvagem tão bem vivido e corporificado por Ulisses, capitaneado à posição de um alter ego puro capaz de ensiná-la a viver com a sua própria animalidade.

RESUMEN. El objetivo de este estudio teórico es problematizar la presencia del perro Ulisses como el alter ego de Clarice Lispector en el libro para niños Quase de verdade (1978). Ulisses también era el perro del autor, mencionado por ella en varias entrevistas y en el libro Um sopro de vida (1999) en términos de su humanidad, lo que le permitiría comprender a Clarice de una manera particular y más cercana, casi cómplice. Esta humanidad se materializa cuando asume la narración en Quase de verdade, posicionando a Clarice como su intérprete. La relación con el animal es simbiótica, recuperando una experiencia más instintiva del autor y permitiendo el disfrute de las emociones presentes en el animal, en un proceso de complementariedad. Como vértices del mismo yo, se discute en qué medida Ulisses también funciona como intérprete de Clarice, proponiéndole una experiencia concreta de vida que iría más allá de la construcción de la inteligibilidad racional. La dimensión de la vida sensorial y corpórea se presenta así como superior a la actividad integral, acercando a Clarice al universo íntimo, básico e igualmente salvaje tan bien vivido y encarnado por Ulisses, capitaneado por la posición de un alter ego puro capaz de enseñar ella para vivir con su propia animalidad.

ABSTRACT. The aim of this study is to problematize the presence of the dog Ulisses as alter ego of Clarice Lispector in the children's book Quase de verdade (1978). Ulisses was also the author's dog, mentioned by her in several interviews and in the book Um sopro de vida (1999) in terms of his humanity, that would enable him to understand Clarice in a particular and closer, almost accomplice way. This humanity materializes when he assumes the narration in Quase de verdade, positioning Clarice as his interpreter. The relationship with the animal is symbiotic, recovering a more instinctive experience of the author and allowing the enjoyment of emotions present in the animal, in a process of complementarity. As vertices of the same self, we discuss to what extent Ulisses also functions as an interpreter of Clarice, proposing to her a concrete experience of living that would go beyond the construction of rational intelligibility. The dimension of sensory and corporeal living thus presents itself as superior to comprehensive activity, bringing Clarice closer to the intimate, basic, and equally savage universe so well lived and embodied by Ulisses, captained by the position of a pure alter ego capable of teaching. her to live with her own animality.

A busca de si-mesmo e da identidade nas transformações corporais / La búsqueda del yo y de la identidad en las transformaciones corporales / The search for self and identity in bodily transformations / La recherche de soi et de l'identité à travers les transformations corporelles

Este artigo procura analisar os principais acontecimentos e conquistas do processo de constituição da identidade no quadro da teoria do desenvolvimento emocional de Winnicott. Trata-se, em termos de caminho, ou método, de uma proposta de teoria psicanalítica aplicada à compreensão de fenômenos comportamentais de domínio público. Para analisarmos esse processo, apoiamo-nos na análise do sentido dado ao uso de tatuagens e de outras transformações corporais, nos casos em que estas implicam modificações que não seriam apenas adornos da pessoa, mas têm maior amplitude e podem estar a serviço de uma busca pela própria identidade. Consideramos que a identidade, ou sentimento de si mesmo identitário, está associada ao seguinte conjunto de experiências: a de ser, sem predicado; a de ser-com, associada aos fenômenos transicionais; a de ser-diferente-de, possível ao conquistar-se o status do eu sou; e a de ser-predicável, quando o indivíduo chegou à integração como uma pessoa inteira

Este artículo busca analizar los principales acontecimientos y logros del proceso de constitución de la identidad en el marco de la teoría del desarrollo emocional de Winnicott. Es, en términos de camino o método, una propuesta de la teoría psicoanalítica aplicada a la comprensión de los fenómenos conductuales en el dominio público.Para analizar este proceso, nos apoyamos en el análisis del significado que se le da al uso de tatuajes y otras transformaciones corporales en los casos en que implican cambios que no serían solo adornos de la persona, sino que tienen mayor amplitud y pueden estar al servicio de una búsqueda de la propia identidad. Consideramos que la identidad, o un sentido de identidad, se asocia con el siguiente conjunto de experiencias: la del ser, sin predicado; la del ser-con, asociada a fenómenos transicionales; la del ser-diferente-de, posible conquistando el estatus del Yo Soy; y el de ser predecible, cuando el individuo llega a la integración como persona total

The purpose of this article is to analyze the main events and accomplishments of the identity constitution process according to Winnicott's experience of the emotional development. It is, in terms of path, or method, a proposal of psychoanalytic theory applied to the understanding of behavioral phenomena in the public domain.To study this process, our analysis is based on the meaning given to the use of tattoos and other physical changes in cases involving modifications that are not merely adornments, they are more meaningful and part of the individual's search of his own identity. We consider that identity, or a sense of identity, is associated with the following set of experiences: Am-ness, without predicate; Am-with, related to the transitional phenomena; I-Am-Diferent-From, when it is possible to accomplish the I AM status, differentiating oneself from the world; and I-Am-Predicable, when the individual reaches integration as a Whole Person, when it is possible to ask about the identity question: I am x (x is a predicate of the I)

Cet article vise à analyser les principaux événements et réalisations du processus de constitution de l'identité dans le cadre de la théorie du développement émotionnel de Winnicott. Pour analyser ce processus, nous nous sommes basés sur l'analyse du sens donné à l'utilisation des tatouages et autres transformations corporelles dans les cas où ceux-ci impliquent des modifications qui ne seraient pas seulement des ornements de la personne, mais ont une plus grande amplitude et peuvent être à au service d'une recherche de l'identité personelle. En analysant ce processus, nous commentons l'ensemble d'expériences suivantes: celle d'être, sans prédicat (suis); celui de l'être-avec (suis-avec), associé aux phénomènes transitionnels; celle d'être-différent-de (je-suis-diferent-de), possible en accédant au statut (integation) du "Je" (Je Suis), se différenciant ainsi du monde; et je-suis-prédicable, lorsque l'individu atteint une intégration en tant que personne entière, et où la question de l'identité peut être posée en termes de l'énonce Je suis x (xest un prédicat du Je)

O racismo enraizado nas famílias inter-raciais de São Paulo / Deep-rooted racism in interracial families from São Paulo / Racismo arraigado en las familias interraciales de São Paulo

O racismo estrutural é uma realidade na sociedade brasileira e pode ser manifestado no interior de famílias inter-raciais. As crianças e as pessoas adultas que experienciam sentimentos de aceitação ou de rejeição nas dinâmicas familiares desenvolvem diferentes formas de ver a si mesmas, os outros e o mundo ao redor. Este estudo teve por objetivo avaliar as percepções de suporte emocional, rejeição parental na infância e discriminação cotidiana entre pessoas brancas, pardas e pretas. Participaram 175 pessoas, 80% do gênero feminino, com idade da amostra total variando de 18-39 anos (M = 24; DP = 5,11). Cento e três participantes se identificaram como branca/o, 42, como preta/o e 30, como parda/o. Todos responderam um formulário online composto pela Escala de Lembranças de Práticas Parentais, Escala de Discriminação Cotidiana e questões sociodemográficas. O resultado do teste Manova indicou que não houve diferença estatisticamente significativa entre as pessoas brancas, pardas e pretas em relação ao suporte emocional e à rejeição parental. Quanto à percepção de discriminação, houve diferença estatisticamente significativa nas subescalas de Tratamento Injusto [X²(2) = 17,360; p < 0,001] e Rejeição Pessoal [X²(2) = 27,970; p < 0,001], pessoas pretas apresentaram maiores médias que pardas e brancas, respectivamente. Discute-se a importância de falar sobre racismo nas relações familiares. Espera-se percepções de rejeição parental menor para pessoas brancas e de discriminação cotidiana maior para pardas e pretas.(AU)

Structural racism is a reality in Brazilian society and it can manifest within interracial families. Children and adults who experience feelings of acceptance or rejection in family dynamics develop different forms of seeing themselves, others, and the world around them. This study aimed to analyze perceptions of emotional support, parental rejection in childhood, and everyday discrimination between white, mixed, and black people. The participants were 175 people, 80% women, aged between 18 to 39 years (M = 24; DP = 5.11). A hundred and three participants identified themselves as white, 42 as black, and 30 as mixed. All answered an online form with the Memories on Parenting Practices, Everyday Discrimination Scale, and sociodemographic questions. Results show that the MANOVA test indicated no statistically significant difference between white, black, and mixed people regarding emotional support and parental rejection. Concerning the perception of discrimination, there was a statistically significant difference in the Unfair Treatment [X2(2) = 17.360; p < 0.001] and Personal Rejection [X2(2) = 27.970; p < 0.001] subscales, black people presented higher averages than mixed and white groups, respectively. This study discusses the importance of discussing racism in family relationships. Perceptions of lower parental rejection for white people and higher everyday discrimination for mixed and blacks are expected.(AU)

El racismo estructural es una realidad en la sociedad brasileña y puede manifestarse en familias interraciales. Los niños y los adultos que experimentan sentimientos de aceptación o rechazo en la dinámica familiar desarrollan diferentes formas de verse a sí mismos, a los demás y al mundo que los rodea. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo evaluar las percepciones de apoyo emocional, rechazo de los padres en la infancia y discriminación cotidiana entre personas blancas, mestizas y negras. Participaron 175 personas, 80% mujeres, con una edad de la muestra total de entre 18 y 39 años (M = 24; DE = 5,11). Ciento tres participantes se identificaron como blancos; 42 como negros y 30 como pardos. Todos respondieron un formulario en línea que consta de la Escala de Recuerdo de Prácticas de Crianza, la Escala Discriminación en la Vida Cotidiana y de preguntas sociodemográficas. El resultado de la prueba Manova indicó que no hubo diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre las personas con respecto al apoyo emocional y el rechazo de los padres. En cuanto a la percepción de discriminación, hubo uma diferencia estadísticamente significativa en las subescalas de trato injusto [X2(2) = 17,360; p < 0,001] y rechazo personal [X2(2) = 27,970; p < 0,001], los negros tenían promedios más altos que los pardos y los blancos, respectivamente. Se discute la importancia de hablar de racismo en las relaciones familiares. Se esperan percepciones de menor rechazo de los padres hacia las personas blancas y mayor discriminación diaria hacia los pardos y negros.(AU)

Militância enquanto convite ao diálogo: o caso da militância monodissidente / Activism as an invitation for the dialogue: the case of monodissident activism / La militancia como invitación al diálogo: el caso de la militancia monodisidente

Este artigo é uma produção teórica de caráter reflexivo que focaliza a relação entre pesquisa e militância a partir do construtivismo semiótico-cultural em psicologia, tendo como base o caso da militância monodissidente. A noção de monodissidência foi cunhada no percurso da militância bissexual para se referir a uma ferramenta analítica de ordem político-comunitária que contempla todas as pessoas que se atraem sexual e/ou romanticamente por mais de um gênero. São contrapostas concepções distintas de militância político-social em psicologia: de um lado, militância é entendida a partir de um autocentramento do militante, vinculado a uma rede de exclusões, negações, vedação e defesas psicológicas em relação à experiência; de outro, há uma compreensão dialógica de militância. Metodologicamente, a proposta de pesquisa se fundamenta no campo da participação observante, entendendo que o pesquisador está, primeiro, na condição de participante de certo campo sociocultural, a partir do qual passa a observar e refletir sobre fenômenos que ocorrem nele. Tomamos como ilustração a trajetória de construção da militância monodissidente do primeiro autor, trazendo tensionamentos dialógicos para a análise, postos em discussão com outras reflexões situadas sobre o tema. O conjunto de tensionamentos dialógicos emergidos nesse percurso foi mapeado e compreendido como um processo de multiplicação dialógica no encontro de self pesquisador com o self militante.(AU)

This paper is a theoretical production of reflective character that focuses on the relationship between research and activism from the semiotic-cultural constructivism in psychology, based on the case of monodissident activism. The notion of monodissent was coined during bisexual activism to refer to an analytical tool of a political-community order that includes all people who are sexually and/or romantically attracted to more than one gender. Different conceptions of political-social activism in psychology are opposed: on the one hand, activism is understood from the militant's self-centeredness, linked to a network of exclusions, denials, gatekeeping, and psychological defenses regarding experience; on the other hand, there is a dialogical understanding of activism. Methodologically, the research proposal is based on the field of observant participation, understanding that the researcher is, first, in the condition of a participant in a certain sociocultural field, from which he starts to observe and reflect on phenomena that occur there. We take as an illustration the trajectory of the construction of the monodissident activism of the first author, bringing dialogical tensions to the analysis, discussed with other reflections on the subject. The set of dialogic tensions that emerged in this path was mapped and understood as a process of dialogic multiplication in the encounter of the researcher self with the activist self.(AU)

Este artículo realiza una producción teórica y reflexiva sobre la relación entre investigación y activismo desde el constructivismo semiótico-cultural en Psicología, a partir del caso del activismo monodisidente. La noción de monodisidencia fue acuñada en el transcurso de la militancia bisexual para referirse a una herramienta analítica de orden político-comunitario que incluye a todas las personas que se sienten atraídas sexual y / o románticamente por más de un género. Se contraponen distintas concepciones de la militancia político-social en Psicología: por un lado, la militancia se entiende desde el egocentrismo del militante, vinculado a un entramado de exclusiones, negaciones, sellamientos y defensas psicológicas con relación a la experiencia; por otro, existe una comprensión dialógica de la militancia. La investigación utiliza como metodología la participación del observador, entendiendo que el investigador se encuentra, en primer lugar, en la condición de participante de determinado campo sociocultural, desde donde comienza a observar y reflexionar sobre los fenómenos que allí ocurren. Tomamos como ilustración la trayectoria de la construcción de la militancia monodisidente del primer autor, trayendo tensiones dialógicas al análisis, discutidas con otras reflexiones sobre el tema. El conjunto de tensiones dialógicas que surgieron en este camino se caracteriza y se comprende como un proceso de multiplicación dialógica en el encuentro del self investigador con el self militante.(AU)