Genetic Identification of Neural Circuits Essential for Active Avoidance Fear Conditioning in Adult Zebrafish.

Inhibition or ablation of neuronal activity combined with behavioral assessment is crucial in identifying neural circuits or populations essential for specific behaviors and to understand brain function. In the model vertebrate zebrafish, the development of genetic methods has allowed not only visualization but also targeted manipulation of neuronal activity, and quantitative behavioral assays allow precise measurement of animal behavior. Here, we describe a method to inhibit a specific neuronal population in adult zebrafish brain and assess their role in a learning behavior. We employed the Gal4-UAS system, gene trap and enhancer trap methods, and isolated transgenic zebrafish lines expressing Gal4FF transactivator in specific populations of neurons in the adult zebrafish brain. In these lines, a genetically engineered neurotoxin, botulinum toxin B light chain, was expressed and the fish were assessed in the active avoidance fear conditioning paradigm. The transgenic lines that showed impaired avoidance response were isolated and, in these fish, the Gal4-expressing neurons were analyzed to identify the neuronal circuits involved in avoidance learning.

O impacto da pandemia da Covid-19 na saúde mental de estudantes universitários / The impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on the mental health of university students / El impacto de la pandemia de Covid-19 en la salud mental de los estudiantes universitarios

A pandemia pelo SARS-CoV-2 é um dos maiores desafios sanitários em escala global. Devido estado de emergência, uma série de medidas de controle e prevenção foram adotadas, como distanciamento social e redução das reuniões públicas. Nesse cenário, buscou-se avaliar a saúde mental de estudantes de uma instituição privada de Ensino Superior diante da pandemia. Esta pesquisa trata-se de um estudo transversal descritivo desenvolvido na Faculdade do Vale do Jaguaribe, localizada em Aracati-CE. A coleta de dados ocorreu de dezembro de 2020 a fevereiro de 2021, utilizando formulário eletrônico contendo variáveis sociodemográficas, epidemiológicas e relativas aos diferentes aspectos da saúde mental do estudante frente a pandemia da COVID-19. A análise foi baseada no cálculo de frequências absolutas e relativas das variáveis além de medidas de tendência central e dispersão. Dos 333 discentes que participaram do estudo, a média de idade foi 25, com variação entre 18 e 56 anos, sendo maioria do sexo feminino (72,7%), autodenominação de cor/etnia parda (72,7%) e não estarem trabalhando (53,8%). A taxa de positividade entre os graduandos para COVID-19 foi de 9% (30). Ao serem questionados sobre como a pandemia alterou seus níveis de estresse ou saúde mental, 75,5% responderam que houve piora. Dentre os sintomas mais relatados no período da quarentena, estavam medo e ansiedade (ambos com 74,2%), seguidos por insegurança (69,7%). Baseados nos achados deste estudo, recomenda-se a incorporação de ações multiprofissionais na atenção aos estudantes dentro da academia. Sugere-se a implantação de um serviço qualificado buscando desenvolver um olhar holístico para os discentes.

The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has presented itself as one of the greatest health challenges on a global scale. Given the state of public health emergency, a series of control and prevention measures have been adopted, such as social distancing and reduction of public meetings, as in universities. Faced with this scenario, we sought to evaluate the mental health of students from a private institution of Higher Education in the face of the COVID-19 pandemic. Thus, this research was a descriptive cross-sectional study developed at the Faculdade do Vale do Jaguaribe, located in the City of Aracati- CE. Data collection occurred from December 2020 to February 2021, using an electronic form containing sociodemographic and epidemiological variables, as well as variables related to the repercussions in different aspects of the student's mental health when facing the pandemic of COVID-19. The analysis was based on the calculation of absolute and relative frequencies of the variables, as well as measures of central tendency and dispersion. Of the 333 students who participated in the study, the mean age was 25 years, with ages ranging from 18 to 56 years, the majority being female (72.7%), self- denominated as Brown (72.7%), not working when answering the form (53.8%). The positivity rate among undergraduates for COVID-19 was 9% (30/333). When asked how the pandemic altered their stress levels or mental health, 75.5% responded that it had worsened. Among the symptoms most reported by students during the quarantine period were fear and anxiety (both 74.2%), followed by insecurity (69.7%). It is suggested the implementation of a qualified approach service seeking to develop a holistic look for the students.

La pandemia por SARS-CoV-2 es uno de los mayores desafíos sanitarios a escala global. Debido al estado de emergencia, se han adoptado una serie de medidas de control y prevención, como el distanciamiento social y la reducción de reuniones públicas. En este escenario, se buscó evaluar la salud mental de los estudiantes de una institución privada de educación superior frente a la pandemia. Esta investigación es un estudio descriptivo transversal desarrollado en la Facultad de Valle de Jaguaribe, ubicada en Aracati-CE. La recopilación de datos se llevó a cabo de diciembre de 2020 a febrero de 2021, utilizando un formulario electrónico que contiene variables sociodemográficas, epidemiológicas y relacionadas con los diferentes aspectos de la salud mental del estudiante frente a la pandemia de COVID-19. El análisis se basó en el cálculo de frecuencias absolutas y relativas de las variables, además de medidas de tendencia central y dispersión. De los 333 estudiantes que participaron en el estudio, la media de edad fue de 25 años, con variación entre 18 y 56 años, siendo la mayoría del sexo femenino (72,7%), autodenominación de la raza / etnia morena (72,7%) y no trabajando (53,8%). La tasa de positividad entre los estudiantes de pregrado para COVID-19 fue del 9% (30). Cuando se les preguntó cómo la pandemia había alterado su nivel de estrés o salud mental, el 75,5% respondió que había empeorado. Entre los síntomas más comunes durante el período de cuarentena, se encontraban el miedo y la ansiedad (ambos con un 74,2%), seguidos de la inseguridad (69,7%). Basados en los resultados de este estudio, se recomienda la incorporación de acciones multiprofesionales en la atención a los estudiantes dentro de la academia. Se sugiere la implementación de un servicio calificado que busque desarrollar una mirada holística hacia los estudiantes.

Falls, fear of falling, and related factors in patients with diabetic foot disease.

BACKGROUND: Falls and fear of falling (FOF) are common in patients with diabetic foot disease (DFD). PURPOSE: To understand the relationship between falls, FOF, and related factors in patients with DFD. METHOD: We recruited 70 patients being treated for DFD at two hospitals in Korea. A structured questionnaire was used in investigating fall experience, FOF, and related factors. RESULTS: Among the participants, 42.8 % fell in the past year, and FOF was reported in 57.1 %. Rates of "no caregiver," "DFD duration (>1 year)," and "burning pain" were higher in fallers than non-fallers. The rates of "older adults (≥65 years of age)," "unemployed," "not using assistive devices," "visual impairment," and "hearing impairment" were higher in patients with FOF than in those without FOF. However, the level of balance confidence was lower in patients with FOF. CONCLUSIONS: The fall experience of patients with DFD was associated with the presence of their caregiver, disease-related factors, and foot pain symptoms, while FOF was related to age and fall-related factors.

Fear and stress related to COVID-19 and associated factors among undergraduate nursing students in Qatar.

BACKGROUND: The emergence of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has had an impact on nearly every human being with millions of related infections and deaths. The negative impact of the pandemic on individuals' mental health such as fear and stress, particularly among university students, have been reported. While the switch to online teaching and learning played an important mitigating role, it also had presented additional challenges to students' mental health. AIM: To examine the prevalence of fear and stress among undergraduate nursing students in Qatar and the factors associated with fear of COVID-19. METHOD: A cross-sectional design. An online survey was sent to students at the University of Calgary in Qatar. RESULTS: 135 participants completed the survey. The findings showed differences in fear of COVID-19 and stress and satisfaction with the measures proposed by the academic institution based on participants' demographic and COVID-19 profiles. Furthermore, fear of COVID-19 was associated with the age group (26-35), academic year level, and satisfaction with the measures proposed by the academic institution. CONCLUSION: The study found that switching teaching and learning online had a negative impact on participants' fear and stress. Several strategies were suggested to alleviate students' fear and stress and support them during future pandemics.

scTIGER: A Deep-Learning Method for Inferring Gene Regulatory Networks from Case versus Control scRNA-seq Datasets.

Inferring gene regulatory networks (GRNs) from single-cell RNA-seq (scRNA-seq) data is an important computational question to find regulatory mechanisms involved in fundamental cellular processes. Although many computational methods have been designed to predict GRNs from scRNA-seq data, they usually have high false positive rates and none infer GRNs by directly using the paired datasets of case-versus-control experiments. Here we present a novel deep-learning-based method, named scTIGER, for GRN detection by using the co-differential relationships of gene expression profiles in paired scRNA-seq datasets. scTIGER employs cell-type-based pseudotiming, an attention-based convolutional neural network method and permutation-based significance testing for inferring GRNs among gene modules. As state-of-the-art applications, we first applied scTIGER to scRNA-seq datasets of prostate cancer cells, and successfully identified the dynamic regulatory networks of AR, ERG, PTEN and ATF3 for same-cell type between prostatic cancerous and normal conditions, and two-cell types within the prostatic cancerous environment. We then applied scTIGER to scRNA-seq data from neurons with and without fear memory and detected specific regulatory networks for BDNF, CREB1 and MAPK4. Additionally, scTIGER demonstrates robustness against high levels of dropout noise in scRNA-seq data.

Subliminal perception of others' physical pain induces personal distress rather than empathic concern.

BACKGROUND: What is our immediate reaction when we witness someone experiencing pain? The empathy-altruism hypothesis predicts that observers would display empathy and a tendency to approach the person in pain. Alternatively, the threat value of pain hypothesis (TVPH) argues that others' pain serves as a signal of threat and should induce observers' avoidance response. METHODS: To examine these two hypotheses, three experiments were conducted. The experiments aimed to investigate the impact of subliminal exposure to others' physical pain on participants' emotional and behavioural responses. RESULTS: The results revealed that subliminal pain priming resulted in faster response and attentional bias to fearful faces compared to sad faces (Experiment 1), faster reaction times in recognizing fear-related words compared to anger-related words during a lexical decision task (Experiment 2), and faster avoidance responses towards anger-related words, as opposed to approaching responses towards positive words (Experiment 3). CONCLUSIONS: The consistent findings across all experiments revealed that subliminal perception of pain scenes elicited fear emotion and immediate avoidance responses. Therefore, the outcomes of our study provide supportive evidence for the TVPH.

How did adult women's fear of COVID-19 affect their attitudes toward cervical cancer screening? An example of Turkey.

This descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out between May and December 2021 in Turkey to examine the effect of adult women's fear of COVID-19 on their attitudes toward Cervical Cancer (CC) screening. The study population consisted of 334 women between the ages of 30 and 65 years according to the criteria of the national standards for the CC screening program in Turkey. A socio-demographic data form (21 questions) and the fear of COVID-19 Scale (7 questions) were used for data collection. The mean score of women for the level of knowledge about cervical cancer screening was 6.16 ± 3.05 out of a total score of 10. The mean score of the Fear of COVID-19 scale was 19.20 ± 6.12 out of a total score of 35. Cause of the risk of COVID-19 contamination 25.4 % of women postponed their CC screening. Women's knowledge about cervical cancer screening was found to be moderate, and their fear of coronavirus was found to be close to moderate. It was determined that women with a high fear of coronavirus postponed their CC screening tests.

COVID-19 fear, vaccination hesitancy, and vaccination status in pregnant and breastfeeding women in Turkey.

This study aimed to determine the level of COVID-19 fear, vaccination, and vaccination hesitancy as well as the affecting factors in pregnant and breastfeeding women who participated in an online prenatal education in Turkey. The study, which was designed as descriptive cross-sectional, was conducted online with 360 pregnant and breastfeeding women from Istanbul. Data were collected through the Participant Information Form, Fear of COVID-19 Scale and Vaccine Hesitancy Scale in Pandemics. The rate of accepting the COVID-19 vaccine is 65.6%. The Fear of COVID-19 Scale was 16.215.54, and the Vaccine Hesitancy Scale in Pandemics mean score was 29.294.54. The COVID-19 fear of the women participating in this study was moderate, the level of vaccination hesitancy was low, and two-thirds of them were vaccinated. There is a need to organize special counseling and vaccination campaigns for pregnant and lactating women.

Enhancing linkage to HIV care in the "Universal Test and Treat" era: Barriers and enablers to HIV care among adults in a high HIV burdened district in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa.

Ending AIDS by 2030 would depend on how successful health systems are in linking people living with HIV (PLHIV) into care. The World Health Organization recommended the 'Universal Test and Treat' (UTT) strategy - initiating all individuals testing positive on antiretroviral therapy (ART) irrespective of their CD4 count and clinical staging. This study aimed to explore the enablers and barriers to linkage to HIV care among adults with a new HIV diagnosis in a high-HIV prevalent rural district in South Africa. A qualitative study was undertaken to explore patients' perceptions of enablers and barriers of linkage-to-care, using a life-story narration and dialogue approach. In-depth interviews were conducted with 38 HIV-positive participants sampled from a cohort of 1194 HIV-positive patients recruited from December 2017 to June 2018. Participants were selected based on whether they had been linked to care or not within 3 months of positive HIV diagnosis. Interviews were thematically analysed using a general inductive approach. Of the 38 participants, 22 (58%) linked to care within three months of HIV-positive diagnosis. Factors that facilitated or inhibited linkage-to-care were found at individual, family, community, as well as health systems levels. Enablers included a positive HIV testing experience, and assistance from the fieldwork team. Support from family, and friends, as well as prior community-based education about HIV and ART were also noted. Individual factors such as acceptance of HIV status, previous exposure to PLHIV, and fear of HIV progressing, were identified. Barriers to linkage included, denial of HIV status, dislike of taking pills, and preference for alternative medicine. Negative experiences with counselling and health systems inefficiency were also noted as barriers. Perceived stigma and socio-economic factors, such as lack of food or money to visit the clinic were other barriers. Community-based and health system-level interventions would need to focus on clinic readiness in providing patients with necessary and effective health services such as proper and adequate counselling. This could increase the number of patients who link to care. Finally, interventions to improve linkage-to-care should consider a holistic approach, including training healthcare providers, community outreach and the provision of psychological, social, and financial support.

Construction of an Emotional Lexicon of Patients With Breast Cancer: Development and Sentiment Analysis.

BACKGROUND: The innovative method of sentiment analysis based on an emotional lexicon shows prominent advantages in capturing emotional information, such as individual attitudes, experiences, and needs, which provides a new perspective and method for emotion recognition and management for patients with breast cancer (BC). However, at present, sentiment analysis in the field of BC is limited, and there is no emotional lexicon for this field. Therefore, it is necessary to construct an emotional lexicon that conforms to the characteristics of patients with BC so as to provide a new tool for accurate identification and analysis of the patients' emotions and a new method for their personalized emotion management. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to construct an emotional lexicon of patients with BC. METHODS: Emotional words were obtained by merging the words in 2 general sentiment lexicons, the Chinese Linguistic Inquiry and Word Count (C-LIWC) and HowNet, and the words in text corpora acquired from patients with BC via Weibo, semistructured interviews, and expressive writing. The lexicon was constructed using manual annotation and classification under the guidance of Russell's valence-arousal space. Ekman's basic emotional categories, Lazarus' cognitive appraisal theory of emotion, and a qualitative text analysis based on the text corpora of patients with BC were combined to determine the fine-grained emotional categories of the lexicon we constructed. Precision, recall, and the F1-score were used to evaluate the lexicon's performance. RESULTS: The text corpora collected from patients in different stages of BC included 150 written materials, 17 interviews, and 6689 original posts and comments from Weibo, with a total of 1,923,593 Chinese characters. The emotional lexicon of patients with BC contained 9357 words and covered 8 fine-grained emotional categories: joy, anger, sadness, fear, disgust, surprise, somatic symptoms, and BC terminology. Experimental results showed that precision, recall, and the F1-score of positive emotional words were 98.42%, 99.73%, and 99.07%, respectively, and those of negative emotional words were 99.73%, 98.38%, and 99.05%, respectively, which all significantly outperformed the C-LIWC and HowNet. CONCLUSIONS: The emotional lexicon with fine-grained emotional categories conforms to the characteristics of patients with BC. Its performance related to identifying and classifying domain-specific emotional words in BC is better compared to the C-LIWC and HowNet. This lexicon not only provides a new tool for sentiment analysis in the field of BC but also provides a new perspective for recognizing the specific emotional state and needs of patients with BC and formulating tailored emotional management plans.

Giant leiomyoma management during elective cesarean section: a case report.

We present the unique case of a 44-year-old gravida 3 para 2 woman with complaints of monolateral perception of fetal movements who underwent elective cesarean section and hysterectomy for the presence of an exceptionally voluminous infralegamentary leiomyoma. Cesarean section required in-depth preoperative planning and was possible only after gravid uterus exteriorization. Myomectomy and hysterectomy were then necessary to reestablish the physio-anatomical pelvic environment. The patient was discharged after regular and uncomplicated postoperative time. In recent years, the paradigma of avoiding cesarean myomectomy due to fear of hemorrhage has been questioned by many authors and in certain cases cesarean myomectomy may even be undeferrable. We describe an innovative surgical technique which could be useful to obstetricians approaching similar uterine masses during cesarean sections.

Fear of childbirth: prevalence and associated factors in pregnant women of a maternity hospital in southern Brazil.

BACKGROUND: The fear of childbirth (FOC) harms maternal and fetal health, however it has been little studied in Brazil. This research aimed to determine the prevalence of FOC in a maternity hospital in southern Brazil and identify its associated factors. METHODS: The Wijma Delivery Expectancy Questionnaire - W-DEQ(A) was used to assess the prevalence of FOC, and its relationship with sociodemographic variables, gestational history, aspects of the current pregnancy, knowledge about childbirth, anxiety symptoms (Beck Anxiety Inventory), depressive symptoms (Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale), and perception of social support (Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support) was investigated. Questionnaires about the content of FOC and information sources regarding childbirth were also applied. RESULTS: We interviewed 125 pregnant women between 28 and 36 weeks of pregnancy between July and September of 2021, and 12% of them scored ≥ 85 on the W-DEQ(A), indicating severe FOC. There was a significant correlation between FOC and anxiety symptoms (r = 0.50, p < 0.001), depressive symptoms (r = 0.34, p < 0.001), and poor social support (r = -0.23, p = 0.008). FOC was lower in pregnant women with complete elementary education when compared to those with higher education (p = 0.003), however, those with negative experiences in previous deliveries had more FOC than those who had had positive experiences (p = 0.001). More than 85% of them fear fetal distress. CONCLUSIONS: FOC is a prevalent condition that impacts the mental health of pregnant women. Therefore, health professionals should recognize and address it during prenatal care to provide integral maternal-fetal care and improve the childbirth experience.

'Self-stigma' of people with cutaneous leishmaniasis the unrecognized one: what do we think; what do we know; what can we prove?

Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) refers to a group of parasitic infections caused by the protozoan parasite Leishmania spp. Lack of knowledge and awareness regarding this disease creates a burden for patients with CL to deal with self-stigma. The aim of this ethnographic study is to provide an analysis of self-stigma experienced by patients with CL through an in-depth understanding of the self-stigma experienced by patients with cutaneous leishmaniasis. A qualitative data analysis approach was used for this study. Semi-structured interviews and participant observation were conducted with 33 individuals with CL, and data were analyzed using a thematic analysis method. Interviews revealed that individuals with CL experience severe self-stigma. The participants spoke of their struggle to live with physical appearances that differed from societal norms. Furthermore, they also highlighted that people with CL are often viewed as unclean and contagious, which further adds to their self-stigma. Fear of social exclusion often forced individuals with CL to isolate themselves, leading to a detrimental impact on their mental health and quality of life. This study provides valuable insights into the experiences of patients with CL who are subjected to self-stigma. The findings suggest that the lack of knowledge and the considerable misconceptions surrounding CL create barriers for patients to deal with the condition and the self-stigma attached to it. To address this issue, there is a need for dedicated public health campaigns and health education that increase awareness about CL and provide appropriate support and care for those affected.

[Phenomenological considerations regarding the self-perception of children/adolescents living with siblings with disabilities]. / Considerações fenomenológicas sobre a percepção de si da criança/adolescente convivendo com irmão com deficiência.

The scope of this article was to understand the self-perception of children/adolescents who live with siblings with disabilities. It involved qualitative research, with a hermeneutic-phenomenological approach, with 20 children and adolescents who live with a disabled sibling from a municipality in the state of Rio Grande do Sul/Brazil. Phenomenological interviews, field diaries and hermeneutic interpretations were used. There were gaps in care, need for attention and understanding on the part of the family, due to the attention given to the disabled sibling. Also, the fear and anguish of the death of the grandparents, the death of the disabled sibling, the nostalgia of the grandparents after their death. It was shown that these children/adolescents live together and question the birth and existence of the sibling. By shining a light on the child/adolescent's life experience, gaps and weaknesses in the relationship with parents, in health care, in situations of vulnerabilities experienced by the child/adolescent and family were revealed. Thus, attention needs to be devoted to this population, considering that they live with siblings with disabilities, and have several vulnerabilities that need to be discussed, aiming at developing inclusive and efficient care strategies.

O objetivo deste artigo é compreender a percepção de si de crianças/adolescentes que convivem com o irmão com deficiência. Pesquisa qualitativa, com abordagem hermenêutico-fenomenológica e participação de 20 crianças e adolescentes que convivem com o irmão com deficiência em um município do estado do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. Utilizou-se entrevista fenomenológica, diário de campo e interpretação hermenêutica. Evidenciaram-se lacunas de cuidado, necessidade de atenção, compreensão por parte da família, visto a atenção ser ao irmão com deficiência. O medo e a angústia da morte dos avós, da morte do irmão com deficiência, a saudade dos avós após sua morte. Percebe-se que essas crianças/adolescentes convivem e questionam o nascimento e a existência do irmão. Desvelou-se, ao dar luz ao mundo vivido da criança/adolescente, lacunas e fragilidades na relação com os pais, na atenção à saúde e nas situações de vulnerabilidades vivenciadas pela criança/adolescente e a família. Dessa forma, é necessário atenção a essa população, considerando que convivem com irmãos com deficiência e apresentam diversas vulnerabilidades que precisam ser discutidas, visando elaborações de estratégias de cuidado inclusivas e eficientes.

Who Wants to (Digitally) Live Forever? The Connections That Narcissism Has with Motives for Digital Immortality and the Desire for Digital Avatars.

We examined the role that death anxiety (for self and others) and motivation for digital immortality played in the associations that narcissistic personality traits had with the desire for digital avatars (of self and others) in a sample of Israeli community members (N = 1041). We distinguished between four forms of narcissism: extraverted narcissism (characterized by assertive self-enhancement), antagonistic narcissism (characterized by defensiveness and hostility), neurotic narcissism (characterized by emotional distress), and communal narcissism (characterized by attempts to emphasize superiority over others by exaggerating communal characteristics such as being extraordinarily helpful). Our sequential parallel mediation analyses showed that narcissistic personality traits were associated with fear of death and the desire for symbolic immortality (having a digital avatar for self and others), with mainly indirect associations via fear of death and the motivation for eternal life and to be there for others. Discussion is focused on the role that fear of death and specific "defensive control" motives for having digital avatars (e.g., motivation for eternal life and to be there for others) may play in the desire for digital immortality reported by individuals with narcissistic personality traits.

Emotion and motion: Toward emotion recognition based on standing and walking.

Emotion recognition is key to interpersonal communication and to human-machine interaction. Body expression may contribute to emotion recognition, but most past studies focused on a few motions, limiting accurate recognition. Moreover, emotions in most previous research were acted out, resulting in non-natural motion, which is unapplicable in reality. We present an approach for emotion recognition based on body motion in naturalistic settings, examining authentic emotions, natural movement, and a broad collection of motion parameters. A lab experiment using 24 participants manipulated participants' emotions using pretested movies into five conditions: happiness, relaxation, fear, sadness, and emotionally-neutral. Emotion was manipulated within subjects, with fillers in between and a counterbalanced order. A motion capture system measured posture and motion during standing and walking; a force plate measured center of pressure location. Traditional statistics revealed nonsignificant effects of emotions on most motion parameters; only 7 of 229 parameters demonstrate significant effects. Most significant effects are in parameters representing postural control during standing, which is consistent with past studies. Yet, the few significant effects suggest that it is impossible to recognize emotions based on a single motion parameter. We therefore developed machine learning models to classify emotions using a collection of parameters, and examined six models: k-nearest neighbors, decision tree, logistic regression, and the support vector machine with radial base function and linear and polynomial functions. The decision tree using 25 parameters provided the highest average accuracy (45.8%), more than twice the random guess for five conditions, which advances past studies demonstrating comparable accuracies, due to our naturalistic setting. This research suggests that machine learning models are valuable for emotion recognition in reality and lays the foundation for further progress in emotion recognition models, informing the development of recognition devices (e.g., depth camera), to be used in home-setting human-machine interactions.

The shadow of dementia: Listening to undecidability in ethnographic interviews with persons suspecting possible dementia.

Even before a diagnosis of dementia, people may negotiate in their everyday lives the fears and suspicions about the possibility of a future with dementia. My field of research involves JewishIsraeli older adult individuals who suspect that they are beginning to lose their memory, but before seeking out a formal diagnosis-and when not seeking a diagnosis at all is an equal possibility. By distinguishing their experience of suspecting possible dementia from this of living with dementia, I attempt to illuminate the social, bio-diagnostic and cultural shadows of dementia hovering in the background of their everyday experience. I begin by shedding light on the ethical and methodological context of my specific field in Israel. I next reflect upon the concept of "shadow," that is constituted within and reflecting the assemblages of lurking presences accompanying my interlocutors' daily negotiations of the possibility of dementia. I then situate their lived experiences, as well as my ethnographic engagement with them, in the context of the prevailing cultural and social moralities surrounding this possibility. Finally, I show how a negotiation of the place that this shadow occupies in their lives arises in the encounter with the ethnographer. This first account of people before diagnosis and not through the diagnostic event, while keeping the space for deciding about a possible future of diagnosis open, can contribute to the understanding of undecidability as an ethical stance in ethnography, incorporating the suspension of the need to order realities through the imperatives of a diagnosis of dementia. Further, understanding these mundane negotiations with these shadows can help us allow more space for uncertainty and unpredictability as legitimate forms of living with dementia.

[War Trauma as "Social Suffering" in Japan].

In Japanese society during and after the war, there has been a long period of repression and denial of trauma in the public sphere. However, in recent years, war trauma and their "social suffering" have become visible through the activities of the children's generation of veterans. In addition, the suffering that occurs in combat and the military cannot be grasped only by the posttraumatic stress disorder model with fear at its core, but "moral injury" related to the violation of moral norms and its long-lasting destructive effects must also be considered in the future.

Development and validation of the dizziness fear-avoidance behaviours and beliefs inventory for patients with vestibular disorders.

The purpose of this study is to present the development and analysis of the factorial structure and psychometric properties of a new self-administered questionnaire (Dizziness Fear-Avoidance Behaviours and Beliefs Inventory (D-FABBI)) designed to measure fear-avoidance behaviors and cognitions related to dizziness disability. A mixed-method design combining a qualitative study with an observational and cross-sectional study was employed to develop (content validity) and psychometrically validate (construct validity, reliability, and convergent/discriminant validity) a new instrument. A total of 198 patients with vestibular disorders (acute vestibular syndrome (AVS), 23.2%; chronic vestibular syndrome (CVS), 35.4%; and episodic vestibular syndrome (EVS) 41.4%) were recruited. Sociodemographic characteristics, the Dizziness Handicap Inventory (DHI) and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) and D-FABBI were evaluated. The final version of the D-FABBI consists of 17 items distributed across two subscales: activities of daily living fear-avoidance and movement fear-avoidance. The D-FABBI showed high internal consistency (Cronbach α = 0.932; 95% CI [0.91-0.94]) and so did the subscales (Cronbach α > 0.8). The exploratory structural equation model and confirmatory factor analysis provided better fit results, with a comparative fit index and root mean square error of approximation values of 0.907 to 0.081. No floor or ceiling effects were identified. There was a positive, significant, and moderate-strong magnitude correlation with the total DHI (r = 0.62) and low-moderate with respect to the HADS depression (r = 0.35) and HADS anxiety subscales (r = 0.26). The patients with CVS had a higher D-FABBI score than those with AVS or EVS. The D-FABBI appears to be a valid and reliable instrument for measuring the fear-avoidance behaviors and cognition related to dizziness disability of patients with vestibular disorders.