Barriers and enablers to implementing clinical practice guidelines in primary care: an overview of systematic reviews.

OBJECTIVES: To identify the barriers and enablers to implementing clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) recommendations in primary care and to provide recommendations that could facilitate the uptake of CPGs recommendations. DESIGN: An overview of systematic reviews. DATA SOURCES: Nine electronic databases (PubMed, Cochrane Library, CINAHL, MEDLINE, PsycINFO, Web of Science, Journals @Ovid Full Text, EMBase, JBI) and three online data sources for guidelines (Turning Research Into Practice, the National Guideline Clearinghouse and the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence) were searched until May 2021. ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA: Systematic reviews, meta-analyses or other types of systematic synthesis of quantitative, qualitative or mixed-methods studies on the topic of barriers and/or enablers for CPGs implementation in primary care were included. DATA EXTRACTION AND SYNTHESIS: Two authors independently screened the studies and extracted the data using a predesigned data extraction form. The methodological quality of the included studies was appraised by using the JBI Critical Appraisal Checklist for Systematic Reviews and Research Syntheses. Content analysis was used to synthesise the data. RESULTS: Twelve systematic reviews were included. The methodological quality of the included reviews was generally robust. Six categories of barriers and enablers were identified, which include (1) political, social and culture factors, (2) institutional environment and resources factors, (3) guideline itself related factors, (4) healthcare provider-related factors, (5) patient-related factors and (6) behavioural regulation-related factors. The most commonly reported barriers within the above-mentioned categories were suboptimal healthcare networks and interprofessional communication pathways, time constraints, poor applicability of CPGs in real-world practice, lack of knowledge and skills, poor motivations and adherence, and inadequate reinforcement (eg, remuneration). Presence of technical support ('institutional environment and resources factors'), and timely education and training for both primary care providers (PCPs) ('healthcare provider-related factors') and patients ('patient-related factors') were the frequently reported enablers. CONCLUSION: Policy-driven strategies should be developed to motivate different levels of implementation activities, which include optimising resources allocations, promoting integrated care models, establishing well-coordinated multidisciplinary networks, increasing technical support, encouraging PCPs and patients' engagement in guideline development, standardising the reporting of guidelines, increasing education and training, and stimulating PCPs and patients' motivations. All the activities should be conducted by fully considering the social, cultural and community contexts to ensure the success and sustainability of CPGs implementation.

Toward an Integrated Context-Based Design Approach for Dementia Residential Care Homes: A Review of Key Operational Design Problems.

OBJECTIVES, PURPOSE, OR AIM: This article seeks to develop a context-based management system focusing on assessing key operational and design problems and affecting wayfinding in dementia residential care homes. BACKGROUND: Dementia is multifaceted neurocognitive impairments largely attributed to cognitive deterioration manifested in memory loss and visuospatial deficit which have wider practical implications to both environmental safety and wayfinding and navigation of dementia user. Two key questions were addressed in this context: (1) How can cognitively facilitating assistive technology (AT) be made more user-focused to mitigate the impacts of cognitive impairments on environmental safety and wayfinding? (2) How can design intervention and changes in design topology, colors and texture, and internal finishing aid wayfinding, navigation, and orientation in dementia residential care homes? METHOD: A systematic literature review and analysis was undertaken to assess the efficacy of key cognitively-related AT to support activities of daily living and environmental safety of dementia sufferers in a care home and aid wayfinding, navigation, and orientation. RESULTS: Several key design variables to facilitate wayfinding and spatial orientation were identified which include design topology, floor finishing, signposting, and use of color and texture strengthened by meaning, emotional connection to places and cognitively focused intervention via memory cueing and objects-centered recognition. CONCLUSIONS: Key operational and design guidelines were proposed to assist built environment, care home developers, clinicians and healthcare professionals, and care services providers. There is a need to move toward a dementia-centered design to address the challenges facing people living with dementia in care homes. This should be based on the interrelated behavioral, cognitive, and communication factors.

Placing Users at the Center: Evaluating Exam Room Design for Improved User Experience.

OBJECTIVE: This article proposes a method for evaluating the design affordances of primary care exam rooms from the perspectives of users using functional scenario (FS) analysis. GOAL: This study aims to develop quantifiable criteria and spatial metrics for evaluating how exam room design supports the needs of different users. These criteria and metrics can be used in the early stages of the design process to choose between alternatives. BACKGROUND: The primary care exam room is an essential space in healthcare, as it is the first point of contact between the healthcare provider and the patient. However, there is a lack of rigorous evaluation metrics for exam room design that supports improved user experiences and better health outcomes. METHOD: A total of nine primary care exam rooms were analyzed using FS analysis. We identified three key user groups involved in the clinical examination process-providers, patients, and care partners-and translated their needs into FSs. We developed spatial metrics for each FS to quantify the extent to which the needs were spatially supported. RESULTS: We developed 11 FSs in total: three from the providers', five from the patients', and three from the care partners' perspectives. The results revealed possible design strategies for improved user experiences. CONCLUSIONS: We quantitatively measured the affordance of primary care exam room design for multiple stakeholders. We expect that the criteria and metrics presented in this article will improve the understanding of different users' perspectives and provide new design guidance for improved user experiences.

Fatores ambientais que influenciam no monitoramento de indicadores de efetividade assistencial em hospitais nas dimensões da segurança do paciente e cuidado centrado no paciente / Environmental factors that influence the monitoring of indicators of care effectiveness in hospitals in the dimensions of patient safety and patient-centered care

Resumo: Indicadores de efetividade assistencial contribuem para avaliação e melhoria dos resultados assistenciais. Objetivou-se relacionar fatores dos ambientes interno e externo operacional de hospitais que influenciam e contribuem para a elegibilidade e o monitoramento de indicadores de efetividade assistencial, nas dimensões segurança do paciente e cuidado centrado no paciente. Especificamente, objetivou-se caracterizar ambientes hospitalares, identificar indicadores monitorados, suas características, estratégias, métodos e procedimentos utilizados para monitorá-los. Pesquisa descritiva-exploratória, qualitativa, utilizando-se o método de estudo de caso múltiplo, contemplando hospitais de alta complexidade do sul do Brasil, um público de ensino e dois privados acreditados em nível de excelência. Utilizou-se a Técnica de Bola de Neve, iniciada pela Direção hospitalar, obtendo-se 58 participantes atuantes nos níveis estratégico, tático e operacional. Dados foram coletados entre junho/20 a dezembro/21 mediante levantamentos estruturados em sites oficiais; análise documental; questionários online; entrevistas; visitas técnicas; anotações em diário de campo, grupos focais, e foram submetidos à análise de conteúdo categorial. Com relação à segurança do paciente, os três hospitais monitoram: Cirurgia no local errado do corpo do paciente; Cirurgia realizada no paciente errado; Material estranho deixado no corpo durante um procedimento; Incidentes graves relacionados a equipamentos; Incidentes devido a falhas na identificação do paciente; Infecção de sítio cirúrgico em cirurgias limpas; Quedas com dano em pacientes internados; Lesão por pressão; Densidade de infecção primária de corrente sanguínea em pacientes em uso de cateter venoso central, internados em UTI de Adulto; Densidade de Infecção do Trato Urinário associada ao cateter vesical de demora em pacientes internados em UTI; Reação Transfusional graus II, III e IV; Reações hemolíticas por incompatibilidade sanguínea. Indicadores Deiscência de ferida pós-operatória e Embolia pulmonar ou trombose venosa profunda pós-operatória são monitorados em 2 hospitais; Hemorragia ou hematoma pós-operatório em cirurgias de grande porte em um hospital, e Fratura de quadril por queda e Fratura de quadril pós-operatória, em pacientes internados, em nenhum. Em relação ao cuidado centrado ao paciente, são monitorados: Satisfação do paciente; Cirurgias canceladas no dia agendado e Recomendação do hospital pelo paciente; não monitoram Envolvimento do paciente com seu próprio cuidado. Entre categorias relativas à influência de fatores ambientais internos, foram convergentes as relacionadas a: planejamento estratégico institucional; apoio da Direção à gestão da qualidade; Sistemas de Informação; estratégias, métodos e procedimentos. A categoria não convergente foi a influência da natureza pública do hospital de ensino universitário. As categorias convergentes do ambiente externo operacional referiram-se à influência de políticas públicas e da Anvisa; e de fatores epidemiológicos - Pandemia do COVID-19; as não convergentes, à influência das Agências Acreditadoras; e da Ebserh na gestão da qualidade. Os resultados explicitam a influência de fatores ambientais na elegibilidade e monitoramento dos indicadores de atividade assistencial, a partir das perspectivas, experiências, estratégias, métodos e procedimentos apresentados por hospitais brasileiros que buscam a melhoria contínua de seus processos e resultados. Ressalta-se a contribuição da tese para planejamento, avaliação, monitoramento e comparação da efetividade assistencial entre serviços e hospitais.

Abstract: Care effectiveness indicators contribute to the evaluation and improvement of care results, with a view to quality, resource optimization and reduction of operating costs in hospitals. The objective was to relate factors of the internal and external operational environments of hospitals that influence and contribute to the eligibility and monitoring of indicators of care effectiveness, in the dimensions of patient safety and patient-centered care. The specific objectives were to characterize hospital environments, identify monitored indicators, their characteristics, strategies, methods and procedures used to monitor them. Descriptive-exploratory, qualitative research, using the multiple case study method, covering high-complexity hospitals in southern Brazil, a teaching public and two private ones accredited at a level of excellence. The Snowball Technique, initiated by the hospital management, was used, obtaining 58 active participants at the strategic, tactical and operational levels. Data were collected between June/2020 and December/2021 through structured surveys on official websites; document analysis; online questionnaires; face-to-face and virtual interviews; technical visits; field diary notes, focus groups, and were subjected to categorical content analysis. Regarding patient safety, the three hospitals monitor: Surgery in the wrong place on the patient's body; Surgery performed on the wrong patient; Foreign material left in the body during a procedure; Serious incidents related to equipment; Incidents due to failure to identify the patient; Surgical site infection in clean surgeries; Falls with damage in hospitalized patients; Pressure injury; Density of primary bloodstream infection in patients using central venous catheters, hospitalized in an Adult ICU; Density of Urinary Tract Infection associated with indwelling urinary catheter in ICU patients; Grade II, III and IV Transfusion Reaction; Hemolytic reactions due to blood incompatibility. Indicators Postoperative wound dehiscence and postoperative pulmonary embolism or deep vein thrombosis are monitored in 2 hospitals; Postoperative haemorrhage or hematoma in major surgery in a hospital, and Falling hip fracture and Postoperative hip fracture, in inpatients, in none. In relation to patient-centered care, the following are monitored: Patient satisfaction; Surgeries canceled on the scheduled day and Hospital recommendation by the patient; do not monitor Patient involvement in their own care. Among the categories related to the influence of internal environmental factors, those related to: institutional strategic planning; management support for quality management; Information systems; strategies, methods and procedures. The non-convergent category was the influence of the public nature of the university teaching hospital. The converging categories of the external operational environment referred to the influence of public policies and Anvisa; and epidemiological factors - COVID-19 Pandemic; non-convergent ones, to the influence of Accrediting Agencies; and Ebserh in quality management. The results show the influence of environmental factors on the eligibility and monitoring of health care indicators, from the perspectives, experiences, strategies, methods and procedures presented by Brazilian hospitals that seek the continuous improvement of their processes and results. The contribution of the thesis to planning, evaluation, monitoring and comparison of care effectiveness between services and hospitals is highlighted.

Best practice recommendations for healthy work environments for nurses: An integrative literature review

Healthy work environments that maximise the health and well-being of nurses are essential in achieving good patient and societal outcomes, as well as optimal organisational performance. While studies have been conducted on healthy work environments, there is no available evidence that an integrative literature review summarising best-practice recommendations related to healthy work environments has been conducted before. This review aimed to summarise existing best-practice recommendations related to a healthy work environment for nurses. An integrative literature review following the approach adapted from Whittemore and Knafl was used. Existing guidelines related to healthy work environments for nurses were searched. EBSCOhost (CINAHL, Medline), Biomed Central, Science Direct, PubMed and Google Scholar and organisational websites via Google were searched, followed by a citation search. Twelve guidelines were identified for data extraction and synthesis, and themes were subsequently formulated. Four themes emerged from the integrative literature review regarding a healthy work environment for nurses: (1) the need for effective nursing leadership, (2) effective communication as central to enhancement of a healthy environment, (3) effective teamwork as an integral part of a healthy work environment and (4) the need for professional autonomy. In summary, a healthy work environment for nurses requires leadership, effective communication, teamwork and professional autonomy.

Nurses' coaching leadership related to practice environment within primary health care / Liderazgo coaching de los enfermeros relacionado con el ambiente de la práctica profesional en la atención primaria a la salud / Liderança coaching dos enfermeiros relacionada com ambiente da prática profissional na atenção primária à saúde

ABSTRACT Objective: to correlate the nurses' self-perception and the perception of nursing aides regarding coaching leadership and the practice environment within Primary Health Care. Method: cross-sectional and correlational study addressing 150 nursing workers: 75 nurses and 75 nursing aides of 13 Basic Health Units located in the south of São Paulo, SP, Brazil. The Brazilian version of the Practice Environment Scale, Questionário de Autopercepção do Enfermeiro no Exercício da Liderança [Questionnaire on Self-Perception of Nurses of Exercise of Leadership], and Questionário de Percepção de Técnicos e Auxiliares de Enfermagem no Exercício da Liderança [Questionnaire on Perception of Nurse Technicians and LPNs of Exercise of Leadership] were applied between January and May 2019. Univariate and Multivariate Analyses, and the Pearson's Correlation test (p<0.05) were used, besides Rosenthal effect size. Results: two significant correlations were found among the nurses between the instruments' domains: communication and nursing foundations for quality care (r=0.265; p=0.022) and communication and collegial nurse-physician relationships (r=0.263; p=0.023). The following stand out among the nursing aides: communication and nursing foundations for quality care (r=0.416) and the total score obtained in the Questionnaire on Perception of Nurse Technicians and LPNs of Exercise of Leadership and collegial nurse-physician relationships (r=0.409). Conclusion: for the nurses, communication contributed to a better perception of quality care and good relationships with physicians. For the nursing aides, all the domains of coaching leadership collaborate for environments that favor their practice within PHC.

RESUMEN Objetivo: correlacionar la autopercepción de los enfermeros y la percepción de los auxiliares de enfermería sobre el liderazgo coaching de los enfermeros con el ambiente de la práctica profesional, en la Atención Primaria a la Salud. Método: estudio transversal y correlacional con 150 profesionales de enfermería, siendo: 75 enfermeros y 75 auxiliares de enfermería de 13 Unidades Básicas de Salud, localizadas en la Zona Sur de Sao Paulo, SP, Brasil. Fueron aplicados la Practice Environment Scale (versión brasileña), el Cuestionario de Autopercepción del Enfermero en el Ejercicio del Liderazgo y el Cuestionario de Percepción de Técnicos y Auxiliares de Enfermería en el Ejercicio del Liderazgo, en el período de enero a mayo de 2019. Fueron utilizados los Análisis de Variancia Univariada y Multivariada, el Test de Correlación de Pearson (p<0,05) y el tamaño del efecto de Rosenthal. Resultados: entre los enfermeros, dos correlaciones significativas entre los dominios de los instrumentos fueron observadas: comunicación y fundamentos de enfermería dirigidos a la calidad del cuidado (r=0,265; p=0,022) y comunicación con relaciones colegiales entre enfermeros y médicos (r=0,263; p=0,023). En los auxiliares de enfermería, se destacan la comunicación y los fundamentos de enfermería dirigidos para la calidad del cuidado (r=0,416), el valor total del Cuestionario de Percepción de Técnicos y Auxiliares de Enfermería en el Ejercicio del Liderazgo y las relaciones colegiales entre médicos y enfermeros (r=0,409). Conclusión: para los enfermeros, la comunicación contribuyó para obtener una mejor percepción de la calidad del cuidado y de las buenas relaciones con los médicos. En los auxiliares, todos los dominios del liderazgo coaching colaboraron para las percepciones positivas del ambiente. El liderazgo coaching parece contribuir para que ambientes más favorables a la práctica profesional sean establecidos, en la atención primaria a la salud.

RESUMO Objetivo: correlacionar autopercepção dos enfermeiros e percepção dos auxiliares de enfermagem sobre liderança coaching dos enfermeiros com o ambiente da prática profissional na Atenção Primária à Saúde. Método: estudo transversal e correlacional com 150 profissionais de enfermagem, sendo: 75 enfermeiros e 75 auxiliares de enfermagem de 13 Unidades Básicas de Saúde localizadas na Zona Sul de São Paulo, SP, Brasil. Foram aplicados Practice Environment Scale - versão brasileira, Questionário de Autopercepção do Enfermeiro no Exercício da Liderança e Questionário de Percepção de Técnicos e Auxiliares de Enfermagem no Exercício da Liderança, no período de janeiro a maio de 2019. Foram utilizados Análise de Variância Univariada e Multivariada, Teste de Correlação de Pearson (p<0,05) e tamanho do efeito de Rosenthal. Resultados: entre os enfermeiros, duas correlações significantes entre os domínios dos instrumentos foram observadas: comunicação e fundamentos de enfermagem voltados para a qualidade do cuidado (r=0,265; p=0,022) e comunicação com relações colegiais entre enfermeiros e médicos (r=0,263; p=0,023). Nos auxiliares de enfermagem, destacam-se comunicação e fundamentos de enfermagem voltados para a qualidade do cuidado (r=0,416) e valor total do Questionário de Percepção de Técnicos e Auxiliares de Enfermagem no Exercício da Liderança e relações colegiais entre médicos e enfermeiros (r=0,409). Conclusão: para os enfermeiros, a comunicação contribuiu para melhor percepção da qualidade do cuidado e boas relações com médicos. Nos auxiliares, todos os domínios da liderança coaching colaboraram para percepções positivas do ambiente. A liderança coaching parece contribuir para que ambientes mais favoráveis à prática profissional sejam estabelecidos na atenção primária à saúde.

Ambiente de prática profissional dos enfermeiros em hospitais universitários brasileiros: estudo transversal multicêntrico / Ambiente de práctica profesional de los enfermeros en hospitales universitarios brasileños: estudio transversal multicéntrico / Nurses' professional practice environment in Brazilian university hospitals: a multicenter cross-sectional study

Resumo Objetivo Analisar e comparar o ambiente da prática profissional de enfermeiros de três hospitais universitários do Brasil e verificar possíveis associações com variáveis sociodemográficas e profissionais. Métodos Estudo multicêntrico, transversal com abordagem quantitativa, realizado com 427 enfermeiros de três hospitais universitários das regiões sul e sudeste do Brasil, por meio da aplicação do Nursing Work Index Revised (NWI-R). Para análise dos dados foi utilizada a estatística descritiva e inferencial. Resultados As médias do NWI-R e suas subescalas das três instituições foram menores que 2,5. A média na subescala "Autonomia" no hospital do Rio Grande do Sul (2,25) é maior quando comparada com a média do hospital de São Paulo (2,01), e a média na subescala "Relações Médico-Enfermeiro" no hospital Rio Grande do Sul (2,30) é maior do que as demais médias (média SP: 1,99 e média SC: 2,09). Conclusão Conclui-se que o ambiente das instituições investigadas é favorável à prática profissional dos enfermeiros, pois tem autonomia, controle sobre o ambiente, boas relações com os médicos e suporte organizacional. A percepção do ambiente de prática está relacionada ao tempo de trabalho e intenção de deixar o emprego.

Resumen Objetivo Analizar y comparar el ambiente de la práctica profesional de enfermeros de tres hospitales universitarios de Brasil y verificar las posibles asociaciones con variables sociodemográficas y profesionales. Métodos Estudio multicéntrico, transversal con abordaje cuantitativo, realizado con 427 enfermeros de tres hospitales universitarios de las regiones sur y sureste de Brasil, por medio de la aplicación del Nursing Work Index Revised (NWI-R). Para el análisis de los datos se utilizó la estadística descriptiva e inferencial. Resultados Los promedios del NWI-R y sus subescalas en las tres instituciones fueron inferiores a 2,5. El promedio en la subescala "Autonomía" en el hospital de Rio Grande do Sul (2,25) es más alto cuando comparado con el promedio del hospital de São Paulo (2,01), y el promedio en la subescala "Relaciones Médico-Enfermero" en el hospital Rio Grande do Sul (2,30) es más alto que el de los demás promedios (promedio SP: 1,99 y promedio SC: 2,09). Conclusión Se concluye que el ambiente de las instituciones investigadas es favorable a la práctica profesional de los enfermeros, pues tiene autonomía, control sobre el ambiente, buenas relaciones con los médicos y soporte de la organización. La percepción del ambiente de práctica está relacionada con el tiempo de trabajo y la intención de dejar el trabajo.

Abstract Objective To analyze and compare the professional practice environment of nurses in three university hospitals in Brazil and verify possible associations with sociodemographic and professional variables. Methods Multicenter, cross-sectional study with a quantitative approach, carried out with a total of 427 nurses from three university hospitals in the south and southeast regions of Brazil, using the Nursing Work Index Revised (NWI-R). For data analysis, we used descriptive and inferential statistics. Results The means of the NWI-R and its subscales of the three institutions were less than 2.5. The mean in the subscale "Autonomy" in the hospital in Rio Grande do Sul (2.25) is higher when compared to the mean in the hospital in Sao Paulo (2.01), and the mean in the subscale "Physician-Nurse Relations" in the hospital in Rio Grande do Sul (2.30) is higher than the other means (SP mean: 1.99 and SC mean: 2.09). Conclusion It is concluded that the environment of the investigated institutions is favorable to the professional practice of nurses, as they have autonomy, control over the environment, good relationships with physicians and organizational support. The perception of the practice environment is related to working time and intention to leave the job.

Poder interprofissional em cuidados intensivos: reflexão filosófica a partir de perspectivas foucaultianas e críticas / Poder interprofesional en cuidados intensivos: reflexión filosófica a partir de perspectivas foucaultianas y críticas / Interprofessional Power in Acute Care: Philosophical Reflection using Foucauldian and Critical Perspectives

Resumo Objetivo Discutir as relações de poder entre profissionais de saúde em ambientes de cuidado intensivo e sua interferência no processo de construção do conhecimento. Métodos Neste artigo filosófico, exploramos a influência das relações de poder na construção do conhecimento, a partir das perspectivas foucaultiana e crítica de Gramsci e Freire em relação às práticas de enfermagem e cuidados de saúde. Resultados Há quatro fontes de poder organizacional (tomada de decisão, critério, controle de recursos e controle de conhecimento/rede) que atuam em diferentes níveis das organizações de saúde. As unidades de terapia intensiva são um importante segmento do ambiente de saúde, e a complexidade no cotidiano dos profissionais desse setor pode dificultar as relações de poder no processo de construção do conhecimento. Por exemplo, quando profissionais externos à equipe da UTI, que detêm conhecimentos específicos, precisam ser contatados para auxiliar em casos, como durante o processo de doação e transplante de órgãos. Nesta situação, é necessário desconstruir o poder competitivo para construir o poder colaborativo. Conclusão Usando as perspectivas de Freire e Gramsci, argumentamos que a falta de conhecimento contribui para o poder competitivo, que pode ser superado se os indivíduos envolvidos participarem no processo de aprendizagem em direção ao poder colaborativo. Portanto, as estratégias ou ações para lidar com os desequilíbrios de poder interprofissional podem contribuir para a transformação e mudança mútua.

Resumen Objetivo Discutir las relaciones de poder entre profesionales de salud en ambientes de cuidado intensivo y su interferencia en el proceso de construcción del conocimiento. Métodos En este artículo filosófico, exploramos la influencia de las relaciones de poder en la construcción del conocimiento a partir de las perspectivas foucaultianas y la crítica de Gramsci y de Freire en relación con las prácticas de enfermería y los cuidados de salud. Resultados Hay cuatro fuentes de poder organizativo (toma de decisión, criterio, control de recursos y control de conocimiento/red) que actúan en distintos niveles de las organizaciones de salud. Las unidades de cuidados intensivos son un importante sector del ambiente de la salud, y la complejidad en la labor cotidiana de los profesionales de ese sector puede dificultar las relaciones de poder en el proceso de construcción del conocimiento. Por ejemplo, cuando profesionales externos al equipo de la UCI, que tienen conocimientos específicos, tienen que ser contactados para auxiliar en algunos casos, como durante el proceso de donación y trasplante de órganos. En esta situación se hace necesario deconstruir el poder competitivo para construir el poder colaborativo. Conclusión Usando las perspectivas de Freire y de Gramsci, argumentamos que la falta de conocimiento contribuye para el poder competitivo, que se puede superar si los individuos involucrados participan en el proceso de aprendizaje en dirección al poder colaborativo. Por lo tanto, las estrategias o las acciones para hacer frente a los desequilibrios de poder interprofesional pueden contribuir con la transformación y el cambio mutuo.

Abstract Objective To discuss the power relations among health care professionals in acute care settings and its interference in the process of knowledge building. Methods In this philosophical paper, we explored the influence of power relations on knowledge building using a Foucauldian and critical perspective of Gramsci and Freire related to nursing and health care practices. Results There are four sources of organizational power (decision-making, discretion, control of resources, and control of knowledge/network) that act at different levels of healthcare organizations. Intensive care units are an important segment of healthcare setting, and the complexity involved in the daily activities of professionals in this sector can lead to difficult power relations in the process of knowledge building. For instance, when professionals external to the ICU team that hold specific knowledge need to be contacted to help in cases, such as during organ donation and transplantation process. In this situation it is necessary to deconstruct the competitive power in order to build the collaborative power. Conclusion Using Freire's and Gramsci's perspectives we argued that lack of knowledge contributes to competitive power which can be overcome if involved individuals engage in the learning process towards a collaborative power approach. Therefore, strategies or action to address interprofessional power imbalances can contribute mutual transformation and change.

Aspectos da ambiência que influenciam o processo de trabalho na unidade materno-infantil / Aspects of the ambience that influence the work process in the mother and child unit / Aspectos del ambiente que influyen en el proceso de trabajo en la unidad maternoinfantil

Objetivo: conhecer aspectos da ambiência que influenciam no processo de trabalho na unidade materno-infantil. Método: pesquisa qualitativa de caráter exploratório e descritivo; realizada em uma unidade materno-infantil. Participaram 21 profissionais de enfermagem. A coleta de dados ocorreu por entrevista semiestruturada gravada; posteriormente submetidos à análise temática. Resultados: como aspectos que contribuem no desenvolvimento do processo de trabalho elencaram-se a boa relação entre a equipe de enfermagem; disponibilidade de recurso pessoal e material; a identidade do hospital. Como dificultadores foi apontada a falta de especificidade e espaço da unidade; sua localização; dificuldade na comunicação e a assimetria entre os cuidados prestados pela equipe de enfermagem e médica. Conclusão: a ambiência da unidade materno-infantil deve contemplar a confortabilidade das mulheres internadas; possibilitar a produção de subjetividade dos profissionais de enfermagem, por meio do trabalho em equipe multiprofissional; bem como favorecer a utilização do próprio espaço como ferramenta facilitadora da produção de saúde.

Objective: to know aspects of the ambience that influences the work process in the mother and child unit. Method: qualitative exploratory and descriptive study performed in a mother-child unit. Twenty-one nursing professionals participated. Data collection took place through a semi-structured recorded interview subsequently submitted to thematic analysis. Results: as aspects that contribute to the development of the work process, the good relationship within the nursing team, availability of personal and material resources, and the hospital's identity were listed. As hindering aspects, the participants mentioned the lack of specificity and space of the unit; the location of the unit; the difficulty in communication; and the asymmetry between the care provided by the nursing and medical staff. Conclusion: the ambience of the mother-child unit must take into consideration the comfort of hospitalized women; enable the production of subjectivity of nursing professionals through work in a multiprofessional team; and favor the use of the space itself as a tool to facilitate the production of health.

Objetivo: conocer aspectos del ambiente que influyen en el proceso de trabajo en la unidad maternoinfantil. Método: investigación cualitativa, exploratoria y descriptiva; conducida en una unidad maternoinfantil. Tuvo la participación de 21 profesionales de enfermería. La recolección de datos se dio por entrevista semiestructurada grabada; posteriormente sometidos al análisis temático. Resultados: como aspectos que contribuyen para el desarrollo del proceso de trabajo, se enumeraron la buena relación entre el equipo de enfermería; la disponibilidad de recursos personales y materiales; la identidad del hospital. Como obstáculos, se señalaron la falta de especificidad y espacio de la unidad; su ubicación; la dificultad en la comunicación y la asimetría entre la atención brindada por el personal médico y de enfermería. Conclusión: el ambiente de la unidad maternoinfantil debe contemplar la confortabilidad de las mujeres hospitalizadas; posibilitar la producción de subjetividad de los profesionales de enfermería, mediante el trabajo en equipo multidisciplinario; así como favorecer el uso del propio espacio como herramienta para facilitar la producción de salud.

Avaliação de aspectos assistenciais, organizacionais e laborais na perspectiva dos profissionais de Enfermagem / Evaluación de los aspectos asistenciales, organizativos y laborales desde la perspectiva de los profesionales de enfermería / Evaluation of Care, Organizational and Laboral Aspects from the Perspective of Nursing Professionals

Introdução: a equipe de enfermagem desempenha um papel importante no contexto da saúde, no qual é necessário alinhar o controle dos elevados custos com a segurança e a qualidade assistencial, o que pode contribuir para as decisões de gestão e para a concepção de políticas públicas capazes de influenciar os resultados para os professionais, pacientes e serviços de saúde. Objetivo: avaliar as condições de trabalho, qualidade dos cuidados de enfermagem, satisfação professional e intenção de permanecer no trabalho atual e na professão na perspectiva dos professionais de enfermagem. Métodos: Foi um estudo transversal, descritivo e correlacional realizado em três hospitais gerais no Brasil. Os dados foram coletados com apoio de formulário contendo caracterização pessoal e professional e da avaliação dos cuidados, aspectos organizacionais e de trabalho. Resultados: participaram um total de 452 professionais de enfermagem. Os professionais de enfermagem estão satisfeitos com o seu trabalho, reportaram a sua intenção de permanecer no trabalho atual e na professão durante os próximos 12 meses e reportaram boas condições de trabalho. Conclusão: a instituição que teve acreditação hospitalar apresentou melhores resultados, sugerindo que as certicações de qualidade podem favorecer a percepção dos professionais de enfermagem a respeito da avaliação dos cuidados, aspectos organizacionais e de trabalho.

Introducción: el equipo de enfermería desempeña un papel importante en el contexto sanitario, en el que es necesario alinear el control de los costes elevados con la seguridad y la calidad de los cuidados, lo que puede contribuir a las decisiones de gestión y al diseño de políticas públicas capaces de influir en los resultados de los profesionales, los pacientes y los servicios sanitarios. Objetivo: evaluar las condiciones de trabajo, la calidad de los cuidados de enfermería, la satisfacción laboral y la intención de permanecer en el puesto de trabajo actual y en la profesión desde la perspectiva de los profesionales de enfermería. Métodos: se trata de un estudio transversal, descriptivo y correlacional realizado en tres hospitales generales de Brasil. Los datos se recogieron con el apoyo de un formulario que contenía la caracterización personal y profesional y la evaluación de los aspectos asistenciales, organizativos y laborales. Resultados: participaron 452 profesionales de enfermería. Los profesionales de enfermería están satisfechos con su trabajo, informaron su intención de permanecer en su empleo actual y en la profesión durante los próximos 12 meses y declararon tener buenas condiciones de trabajo. Conclusión: la institución que contaba con acreditación hospitalaria mostró mejores resultados, lo que sugiere que las certificaciones de calidad pueden favorecer la percepción de los profesionales de enfermería en cuanto a la evaluación de los aspectos asistenciales, organizativos y laborales.

Introduction: The nursing team plays an important role in the healthcare context, in which it is necessary to align high-cost control with safety and quality of care, which can contribute to management decisions and to the design of public policies capable of influencing outcomes for professionals, patients, and healthcare services. Objective: To evaluate working conditions, quality of nursing care, job satisfaction, and intention to remain in the current job and in the profession from the perspective of nursing professionals. Methods: this was a cross-sectional, descriptive, and correlational study carried out in three general hospitals in Brazil. Data were collected with the support of a form containing personal and professional characterization and evaluation of care, organizational and work aspects. Results: A total of 452 nursing professionals participated. The nursing professionals are satisfied with their work, reported their intention to remain in their current job and in the profession for the next 12 months and reported good working conditions. Conclusion: The institution that had hospital accreditation showed better results, suggesting that quality certifications may favor the perception of nursing professionals regarding the evaluation of care, organizational and work aspects.

Dyadic interactions and physical and social environment in dementia mealtime care: a systematic review of instruments.

Using valid instruments to measure dyadic interactions and physical and social environment during mealtime care of persons with dementia is critical to evaluate the process, fidelity, and impact of mealtime interventions. However, the characteristics and quality of existing instruments remain unexplored. This systematic review described the characteristics and synthesized the psychometric quality of instruments originally developed or later modified to measure mealtime dyadic interactions and physical and/or social dining environment for people with dementia, on the basis of published reports between January 1, 1980 and December 31, 2020. We identified 26 instruments: 17 assessed dyadic interactions, one assessed physical environment, and eight assessed physical and social environment. All instruments were used in research and none in clinical practice. All instruments were observational tools and scored as having low psychometric quality, except for the refined Cue Utilization and Engagement in Dementia (CUED) mealtime video-coding scheme rated as having moderate quality. Reasons for low quality are the use of small samples compared with the number of items, limited psychometric testing, and inadequate estimates. All existing tools warrant further testing in larger diverse samples in varied settings and validation for use in clinical practice. The refined CUED is a potential tool for use and requires testing in direct on-site observations.

Innovations to Sustain Non-Communicable Disease Services in the Context of COVID-19: Report from Pakkred District, Nonthaburi Province, Thailand.

During the COVI9-19 pandemic, Pakkred hospital in Thailand implemented innovative practices to ensure the continuation of essential medical services for non-communicable disease patients. These practices included decentralized care, telemedicine, home blood pressure monitoring, community delivery of medicines, and facility infrastructure changes. Despite the decrease in hospital visits by hypertension patients during the pandemic, our results suggest that this package of interventions may have contributed to sustained hypertension and diabetes control rates in Pakkred district.

Engajamento do paciente em programas de quedas hospitalares: percurso para a elaboração de um manual / Patient engagement in hospital falls programs: route to the elaboration of a manual

Resumo: Introdução: Trata-se da elaboração de um manual sobre estratégias de engajamento do paciente e seu acompanhante na identificação do risco de queda e ações de prevenção de quedas em ambiente hospitalar, que faz parte do projeto "Difusão e adoção do programa Fall Tailoring Interventions for Patient Safety - Fall TIPS", que vem sendo desenvolvido em hospital universitário do sul do Brasil. Objetivo: a elaboração de manual sobre estratégias de engajamento do paciente e seu acompanhante em programas de prevenção de queda. Método: Trata-se de uma pesquisa do tipo qualitativa, exploratória, descritiva e de produção tecnológica, composta por duas fases: a) entrevistas com pacientes que apresentaram o evento adverso queda hospitalar durante internação hospitalar, e/ou com seus acompanhantes, analisadas a partir da técnica de análise de conteúdo; e b) produção tecnológica para a elaboração do manual. Resultados: Nas entrevistas realizadas foi possível observar a recorrência de alguns temas principais: "A gente não sabia: dificuldades e inquietações na percepção dos riscos"; "Medo e insegurança: o manejo emocional como ferramenta da clínica no risco de queda"; "Relação da equipe de saúde com os cuidadores como ferramenta de suporte ao engajamento do paciente", que subsidiaram a elaboração do manual. Os resultados evidenciam lacunas na efetividade da comunicação entre os envolvidos no processo de identificação de riscos e manejo das intervenções relacionadas a cuidados seguros e trazem sugestões para superação do desafio por parte dos profissionais da saúde, em desenvolver práticas mais colaborativas. Sem essa abordagem, o paciente desenvolve sentimentos de medo e insegurança, comprometendo o seu cuidado e segurança. Produto e registro: O "Manual sobre Estratégias de Engajamento em Programas de Prevenção de Quedas Hospitalares", registrado na Câmara Brasileira do Livro. Conclusão: O manual subsidia a adoção de estratégias de prevenção à ocorrência de quedas em ambiente hospitalar, levando em consideração a adesão de uma cultura de segurança que conduza a uma prática assistencial de qualidade e, consequentemente, à redução de quedas.

Abstract: Introduction: A manual on strategies for engaging patients and their companions in identifying the risk of falling and actions to prevent falls in the hospital environment was prepared, as a part of the project "Dissemination and adoption of the Fall Tailoring Interventions for program Patient Safety - Fall TIPS", that is being developed in a university hospital in southern Brazil. Objective: the development of a manual on patient and companion engagement strategies in fall prevention programs. Method: A qualitative, exploratory, descriptive and of technological production research was performed, consisting of two phases: a) interviews with patients (and/or their companions), who had experienced a fall during hospitalization. The content analysis technique was used; and b) the production/preparation of the manual. Results: In the interviews results, it was possible to observe the recurrence of the themes: "We didn't know: difficulties and concerns in the perception of risks"; "Fear and insecurity: emotional management as a clinical tool for managing the risk of falling"; "Relationship between the health team and caregivers as a support tool for patient engagement", which supported the preparation of the manual. Also, they showed gaps in communication effectiveness among those involved in the process of identifying risks and managing interventions related to safe care and bring suggestions for overcoming the challenge on the part of health professionals, in developing more collaborative practices. Without this approach, the patient develops feelings of fear and insecurity, compromising their care and safety. Product: The "Manual on Engagement Strategies in Hospital Fall Prevention Programs", it was registered at Câmara Brasileira do Livro. Conclusion: The manual supports the adoption of prevention strategies against the occurrence of falls in the hospital environment, taking into account the adherence of a safety culture that leads to a quality care practice and, consequently, to the reduction of falls.

Evaluación de desinfectantes para uso en el entorno farmacéutico / Evaluation of disinfectants for use in the pharmaceutical environment

INTRODUCCIÓN: Los desinfectantes son utilizados en las empresas farmacéuticas para garantizar la disminución o eliminación de los microorganismos que puedan estar presentes en las líneas de producción, equipamiento, personal o ambiente. Aunque el fabricante garantiza la efectividad de los mismos es necesario probarlos en el entorno farmacéutico donde se van a utilizar. MÉTODO: se evaluaron tres desinfectantes, NDP-Surfaplus en concentración del 70%, NDP-Surfaclin en concentración del 2% y 0,5% y Tristel Jet gel activado a la concentración 0,12%. Se practicaron hisopados antes y después de la aplicación del desinfectante a tramos de superficies de paredes, pisos, mesetas de mármol y fregaderos de acero inoxidable, De cada superficie se escogieron los tramos que presentaban mayor dificultad para realizar los procesos de limpieza y desinfección. El método de conteo utilizado fue el de placa vertida. RESULTADOS: se demostró que los desinfectantes cumplieron con la reducción del 90% de la población microbiana inicial, exceptuando la concentración del 0,5% del desinfectante NDP-Surfaclin. Se aisló mayor número de microorganismos en las superficies que tenían tendencia a formar poros debido a la erosión de los procesos de limpieza y desinfección, así mismo se demostró que los desinfectantes tenían una mejor actividad en las superficies de acero inoxidable. CONCLUSIONES: se demostró la efectividad de los desinfectantes en el entorno farmacéutico de la línea de formulación aprobándose su uso para los procesos de limpieza y desinfección. El desinfectante de mejor actividad fue el NDP-Surfaplus a la concentración del 70%

INTRODUCTION: Disinfectants are used in pharmaceutical companies to guarantee the reduction or elimination of microorganisms that may be present in production lines, equipment, personnel or the environment. Although the manufacturer guarantees their effectiveness, it is necessary to test them in the pharmaceutical environment where they are to be used. METHOD: Three disinfectants were evaluated, NDP-Surfaplus in 70% concentration, NDP-Surfaclin in 2% and 0,5% concentration and Tristel Jet gel activated at 0,12% concentration. Swabs were performed before and after the application of the disinfectant to sections of wall surfaces, floors, marble plateaus and stainless-steel sinks. From each surface the sections that were most difficult to carry out the cleaning and disinfection processes were chosen. The counting method used was the poured plate method. RESULTS: The disinfectants were shown to meet the stipulated acceptance criteria with a 90% reduction in the initial microbial population, except for the 0,5% concentration of the NDP-Surfaclin disinfectant. A greater number of microorganisms were isolated on surfaces that had a tendency to form pores due to erosion from cleaning and disinfection processes, and it was also shown that disinfectants had a better activity on stainless steel surfaces. CONCLUSIONS: The effectiveness of disinfectants in the pharmaceutical environment of the formulation line was demonstrated, approving their use for cleaning and disinfection processes. The best-performing disinfectant was NDP-Surfaplus at the 70% concentration

Evaluating physical environments for older people-Validation of the Swedish version of the Sheffield Care Environment Assessment Matrix for use in Finnish long-term care.

AIM: To validate a Finnish version of the Sheffield Care Environment Assessment Matrix (S-SCEAM) instrument for assessing the physical environment of long-term care settings and to describe the current status of the environmental quality of long-term care settings for older people in Finland. BACKGROUND: The importance of providing a well-designed physical environment for older people is supported by the research literature. There is limited research of the physical environments of long-term care settings from the perspective of nursing science and nor is there much research into the instruments for assessing them. DESIGN: A descriptive, correlational and observational study. METHODS: Forward and back translation process was used followed by structured observations with S-SCEAM-Fin in 20 long-term care units in intensive residential care facilities for older people with 24-h nursing assistance and with extensive support for daily activities. Spearman's rho correlation, Cohen's kappa, percentage of agreement and Kuder-Richardson formula coefficients were calculated to assess psychometric properties of the translated S-SCEAM-Fin. S-SCEAM-Fin standardised scores were calculated to describe the current status of the environmental quality. RESULTS: Inter-scale (domain) correlations showed low to moderate correlations between the domains. Consistency was acceptable in four of the domains. Cohen's kappa values indicated good (0.796 and 0.648) intra-rater and inter-rater (0.910 and 0.553) reliability. The overall mean of the standardised scores was 57.00, but there was variation between domains. Small units received the highest scores in the six domains. CONCLUSIONS: S-SCEAM-Fin was useful in assessing environmental quality. Assessment of the environmental quality disclosed deficiencies in ensuring settings adequate for older people. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE: The increasing numbers of older people with health conditions are residing in long-term care settings. It is essential to create supportive physical environments. The instrument can be useful when planning new facilities or proposing new recommendations for institutional living environments.

Ambiente da prática profissional de enfermagem em países latino-americanos: scoping review / Environment of the professional nursing practice in latin american countries: a scoping review / Entorno de práctica profesional de enfermería en países de américa latina: scoping review

OBJETIVO: Identificar e mapear a produção literária latino-americana acerca do ambiente da prática profissional de enfermagem no cenário hospitalar com base nos instrumentos Nursing Working Index-Revised e Practice Environment Scale. MÉTODO: Scoping review em cinco bases de dados e outras fontes sobre o tema. A amostra contabilizou 20 artigos, nove Teses e cinco Dissertações publicados na última década. RESULTADO: O Brasil apresentou o maior número de publicações em periódicos, na amostra. Os ambientes mostraram-se favoráveis com a aplicação do Nursing Working Index-Revised e desfavoráveis com a Practice Environment Scale. Entre os domínios destacam-se, com os piores escores, o controle do ambiente e adequação da equipe e de recursos. CONCLUSÃO: A produção literária adquire destaque apenas na última década e aponta para a associação entre ambientes da prática favoráveis e melhores resultados assistenciais.

OBJECTIVE: To identify and map the Latin American literary production about the nursing work environment in the hospital setting based on the Nursing Working Index-Revised and on the Practice Environment Scale. METHOD: A scoping review in five databases and other sources on the topic. The sample included 20 articles, nine Theses and five Dissertations published in the last decade. RESULT: In the sample, Brazil presented the largest number of publications in journals. The environments were favorable with the application of the Nursing Working Index-Revised and unfavorable with the Practice Environment Scale. Among the domains with the worst scores, control over the environment and adequacy of the team and resources stand out. CONCLUSION: The literary production has gained prominence only in the last decade and points to the association between favorable practice environments and better care results.

OBJETIVO: Identificar y mapear la producción literaria latinoamericana sobre el entorno de la práctica profesional de la enfermería en el ámbito hospitalario a partir de los instrumentos Nursing Working Index-Revised y Practice Environment Scale. MÉTODO: Scoping review en cinco bases de datos y otras fuentes sobre el tema. La muestra contó con 20 artículos, nueve Tesis Doctorales y cinco Tesis de Maestría publicadas en la última década. RESULTADO: Brasil tuvo el mayor número de publicaciones en revistas de la muestra. Los entornos fueron favorables con la aplicación del Nursing Working Index-Revised y desfavorables con la Practice Environment Scale. Entre los dominios, con los peores puntajes, se destacan el control del entorno y la adecuación del equipo y los recursos. CONCLUSIÓN: La producción literaria ha ganado notoriedad solo en la última década y apunta a la asociación entre entornos de práctica favorables y mejores resultados de atención.

Empowering Surgeons, Anesthesiologists, and Obstetricians to Incorporate Environmental Sustainability in the Operating Room.

OBJECTIVE: We review the existing research on environmentally sustainable surgical practices to enable SAO to advocate for improved environmental sustainability in operating rooms across the country. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: Climate change refers to the impact of greenhouse gases emitted as a byproduct of human activities, trapped within our atmosphere and resulting in hotter and more variable climate patterns.1 As of 2013, the US healthcare industry was responsible for 9.8% of the country's emissions2; if it were itself a nation, US healthcare would rank 13th globally in emissions.3 As one of the most energy-intensive and wasteful areas of the hospital, ORs drive this trend. ORs are 3 to 6 times more energy intensive than clinical wards.4 Further, ORs and labor/delivery suites produce 50%-70% of waste across the hospital.5,6 Due to the adverse health impacts of climate change, the Lancet Climate Change Commission (2009) declared climate change "the biggest global health threat of the 21st century" and predicted it would exacerbate existing health disparities for minority groups, children and low socioeconomic patients.7. METHODS/RESULTS: We provide a comprehensive narrative review of published efforts to improve environmental sustainability in the OR while simultaneously achieving cost-savings, and highlight resources for clinicians interested in pursuing this work. CONCLUSION: Climate change adversely impacts patient health, and disproportionately impacts the most vulnerable patients. SAO contribute to the problem through their resource-intensive work in the OR and are uniquely positioned to lead efforts to improve the environmental sustainability of the OR.