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1.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A ; 121(42): e2406823121, 2024 Oct 15.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39378087

RESUMO

In recent decades, many jurisdictions have moved toward legalizing euthanasia and assisted suicide, alongside a near-universal increase in public acceptance of medical aid in dying. Here, we draw on a comprehensive quantitative review of current laws on assisted dying, experimental survey evidence, and four decades of time-series data to explore the relationship between these legislative transitions and change in moral attitudes. Our analyses reveal that existing laws on medical aid in dying impose a common set of eligibility restrictions, based on the patient's age, decision-making capacity, prognosis, and the nature of their illness. Fulfillment of these eligibility criteria elevates public moral approval of physician-assisted death, equally in countries with (i.e., Spain) and without (i.e., the United Kingdom) assisted dying laws. Finally, historical records of public attitudes toward euthanasia across numerous countries uncovered anticipatory growth in moral approval leading up to legalization, but no accelerated growth thereafter. Taken together, our findings suggest that the enactment of medical aid in dying laws, and their specific provisions, crystallize patterns in moral intuition.


Assuntos
Princípios Morais , Suicídio Assistido , Humanos , Suicídio Assistido/legislação & jurisprudência , Suicídio Assistido/ética , Eutanásia/legislação & jurisprudência , Eutanásia/ética , Intuição , Opinião Pública , Tomada de Decisões/ética
2.
PLoS One ; 19(10): e0310130, 2024.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39356688

RESUMO

Embodied cognition asserts a symbiotic relationship between cognitive processes and the physical body, raising an intriguing question: could personality traits be intertwined with the biomechanical performance of the lower limb? This study aimed to explore this connection by examining how personality traits, assessed using the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI), relate to lower limb rebound power (RP) measured through the five-repetition rebound jump test. Eighty participants completed two sessions: a biomechanical analysis of hopping using an Optojump® system to measure contact time, flight time, and RP, and a personality traits assessment categorizing traits across four MBTI axes: extraversion-introversion (favorite world); sensing-intuition (information processing preference); thinking-feeling (decision making); and judging-perceiving (structure). Participant characteristics did not significantly differ across MBTI axes (p≥0.07), minimizing potential confounding factors. Notably, individuals classified as intuitive showed significantly longer flight times (p = 0.02) and larger RP (p = 0.007) compared to sensing individuals, suggesting a greater reliance on the fast stretch-shortening cycle and showcasing superior use of their lower limb structures as springs. This suggests potential implications for sports performance, with intuition individuals possibly excelling in plyometric sports. However, no significant associations were found between biomechanical performance and the other three MBTI axes (p≥0.12), challenging the initial hypothesis. This research provides initial insights into the nuanced relationship between personality traits and movement patterns, indicating the potential for tailored physical interventions to enhance adherence and optimize responses in training programs.


Assuntos
Extremidade Inferior , Personalidade , Humanos , Masculino , Extremidade Inferior/fisiologia , Feminino , Personalidade/fisiologia , Adulto , Adulto Jovem , Fenômenos Biomecânicos , Intuição/fisiologia , Desempenho Atlético/fisiologia , Desempenho Atlético/psicologia
3.
Public Health Genomics ; 27(1): 110-123, 2024.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39089235

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: Despite growing calls for the explicit application of theory when designing behaviour change interventions, limited empirical evidence exists regarding the effectiveness of these methods compared to non-theoretical approaches. A cluster randomized controlled trial (Hide and Seek Project - HaSP) tested two implementation approaches for improving hereditary cancer referral practices with one key distinction: implementation strategies were designed based explicitly on psychological theory or based on stakeholder intuition. This study presents the detailed methods and resources used to facilitate this comparison, whilst examining the strategies generated through both approaches. METHODS: Across seven Australian hospitals, clinical stakeholders attended focus groups to co-design site-specific strategies for improving Lynch syndrome referral. Co-design methods differed according to trial arm. Implementation strategy content was examined, with intuitively derived strategies retrospectively coded to determine theoretical alignment. RESULTS: Fifty-one strategies were proposed across all sites (theory-based arm = 32, intuition-based arm = 19). Overall, nine behaviour change technique (BCT) categories were used on 77 occasions. In the theory-based trial arm, eight BCT categories were identified on 53 occasions; and five BCT categories on 24 occasions in the intuition-based arm. BCT categories were largely similar across both arms. After retrospectively coding intuitively derived strategies, 42% contained mechanistic links, thereby demonstrating theoretical alignment. CONCLUSION: Methods facilitated robust comparison of theoretical and intuitive approaches to implementation strategy design. Recognizing the known benefits of theory for enhancing scientific learning, applying these methods on a larger scale may provide definitive evidence about the comparative effectiveness of theoretical approaches.


Assuntos
Neoplasias Colorretais Hereditárias sem Polipose , Neoplasias Colorretais Hereditárias sem Polipose/genética , Neoplasias Colorretais Hereditárias sem Polipose/diagnóstico , Humanos , Austrália , Intuição , Encaminhamento e Consulta , Grupos Focais , Feminino
4.
Sci Robot ; 9(93): eadn4008, 2024 08 21.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39167671

RESUMO

The sense of touch is a property that allows humans to interact delicately with their physical environment. This article reports on a technological advancement in intuitive human-robot interaction that enables an intrinsic robotic sense of touch without the use of artificial skin or tactile instrumentation. On the basis of high-resolution joint-force-torque sensing in a redundant arrangement, we were able to let the robot sensitively feel the surrounding environment and accurately localize touch trajectories in space and time that were applied on its surface by a human. Through an intertwined combination of manifold learning techniques and artificial neural networks, the robot identified and interpreted those touch trajectories as machine-readable letters, symbols, or numbers. This opens up unexplored opportunities in terms of intuitive and flexible interaction between human and robot. Furthermore, we showed that our concept of so-called virtual buttons can be used to straightforwardly implement a tactile communication link, including switches and slider bars, which are complementary to speech, hardware buttons, and control panels. These interaction elements could be freely placed, moved, and configured in arbitrary locations on the robot structure. The intrinsic sense of touch we proposed in this work can serve as the basis for an advanced category of physical human-robot interaction that has not been possible yet, enabling a shift from conventional modalities toward adaptability, flexibility, and intuitive handling.


Assuntos
Sistemas Homem-Máquina , Redes Neurais de Computação , Robótica , Tato , Robótica/instrumentação , Humanos , Tato/fisiologia , Desenho de Equipamento , Intuição , Interface Usuário-Computador , Percepção do Tato/fisiologia , Torque
5.
Eat Behav ; 54: 101904, 2024 Aug.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39111086

RESUMO

Intuitive eating is defined as being connected to internal hunger, satiety, and appetitive cues and flexibly using these cues to determine when, what, and how much to eat. The Intuitive Eating Scale-2 (IES-2) is a widely used measure of facets of intuitive eating. However, the scale has shown unstable factor structure in several validation studies and there is a lack of studies investigating the measurement invariance of the IES-2 beyond sex. We aimed to evaluate the psychometric properties of the IES-2, testing several factor structures among Brazilian and U.S. samples of men and women; to test measurement invariance across country of origin, ethnicity, sex, and sexual orientation; and to evaluate its internal consistency. Three models of the latent structure of the IES-2 were tested using confirmatory factor analyses (CFA) in a total of 1072 young adults (452 Brazilians and 620 Americans), aged 18-35 years. Results demonstrated that only a 3-factor solution with 11 items of the IES-2 showed adequate fit to the data for both countries. This model demonstrated scalar invariance across sex and sexual orientation, but only configural invariance was found across country of origin and ethnicity. Good internal consistencies were found for both the Brazilian and American samples. The present study provides support for a 3-factor solution with 11 items of the IES-2, to Brazilian and American samples. The study also offers evidence of internal consistency, and invariance between sex (i.e., male and female) and sexual orientation (i.e., heterosexual participants and sexual minority participants).


Assuntos
Comparação Transcultural , Psicometria , Comportamento Sexual , Humanos , Masculino , Brasil/etnologia , Feminino , Adulto , Estados Unidos/etnologia , Adulto Jovem , Psicometria/instrumentação , Adolescente , Comportamento Sexual/psicologia , Comportamento Sexual/etnologia , Análise Fatorial , Comportamento Alimentar/psicologia , Comportamento Alimentar/etnologia , Intuição , Inquéritos e Questionários/normas , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Fatores Sexuais
6.
Sci Rep ; 14(1): 18291, 2024 08 07.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39112535

RESUMO

Belief in powerful supernatural agents that enforce moral norms has been theoretically linked with cooperative altruism and prosociality. Correspondingly, prior research reveals an implicit association between atheism and extreme antisociality (e.g., serial murder). However, findings centered on associations between lack of faith and moral transgression do not directly address the hypothesized conceptual association between religious belief and prosociality. Accordingly, we conducted two pre-registered experiments depicting a "serial helper" to assess biases related to extraordinary helpfulness, mirroring designs depicting a serial killer used in prior cross-cultural work. In both a predominantly religious society (the U.S., Study 1) and a predominantly secular society (New Zealand, Study 2), we successfully replicated previous research linking atheism with transgression, and obtained evidence for a substantially stronger conceptual association between religiosity and virtue. The results suggest that stereotypes linking religiosity with prosociality are both real and global in scale.


Assuntos
Princípios Morais , Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto , Nova Zelândia , Religião , Estados Unidos , Adulto Jovem , Altruísmo , Religião e Psicologia , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Intuição , Adolescente
7.
Cogn Sci ; 48(7): e13482, 2024 Jul.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39024293

RESUMO

The finding that people tend to prefer logically valid conclusions over invalid ones is known in the literature as the logic-liking effect and has traditionally been interpreted as evidence for the notion of so-called logical intuitions. Results of more recent empirical studies investigating conditional and categorical syllogisms suggest, however, that previous instances of the logic-liking effect can be accounted for by a confound in terms of surface-feature atmosphere. But the true nature of this atmosphere effect has so far remained largely elusive. Here, we address this issue and introduce two variants of disjunctive syllogisms that enable us to deconfound validity, possibility of the conclusion, and surface-feature atmosphere, which has been impossible with simple disjunctive syllogisms used in earlier studies. Three experiments, in which participants were asked to provide liking and logic ratings for these arguments, revealed that the logic-liking effect in disjunctive syllogisms can be explained by an atmosphere confound in combination with implied demand to consider logicality when judging likability. We also observed a strong atmosphere effect in logic ratings over and above an effect of logical validity per se. Furthermore, atmosphere effects appear to be induced only by specific surface features, namely those that are ecologically valid, if fallible, predictors for logicality. We conclude that acquired atmosphere heuristics provide proxies for logical validity that reasoners often take at face value. A comparison of the present results with previous findings from experiments that focused on conditional and categorical syllogisms additionally indicates that these atmosphere heuristics are used irrespective of an argument's complexity.


Assuntos
Sinais (Psicologia) , Lógica , Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto , Adulto Jovem , Intuição , Julgamento
8.
Appetite ; 201: 107603, 2024 Oct 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39002565

RESUMO

Intuitive eating is an adaptive eating approach shown to have positive psychological and physical health outcomes. Understanding the motivation behind eating behavior can provide valuable information for why some women eat intuitively and others do not. Using self-determination theory (SDT), this study aimed to identify motivational profiles for eating behavior and examine differences in intuitive eating across these motivational profiles. A nationally representative sample of New Zealand women (n = 1447) aged 40-50 years (M = 45.4; SD = 3.2) completed questionnaires assessing motivation and intuitive eating. Latent profile analysis identified five profiles characterized by varying levels of the global and specific forms of behavioral regulation described by SDT. The self-determined profile, characterized by high levels of global self-determination, had higher intuitive eating scores. The internalized profile, characterized by high levels of identified and integrated regulation, had average intuitive eating scores. The conflicted profile, characterized by high levels on most forms of behavioral regulation, and the unmotivated profile, characterized low levels on all forms of behavioral regulation, had a mix of high and low intuitive eating subscale scores. The amotivated profile, characterized by very high levels of amotivation, had lower intuitive eating scores. A motivational profile characterized by higher levels of self-determination and lower levels of the extrinsic forms of behavioral regulation appears to be beneficial for intuitive eating. Therefore, SDT-informed eating behavior interventions that enhance women's self-determined motivation should be created to facilitate intuitive eating in midlife women.


Assuntos
Comportamento Alimentar , Intuição , Motivação , Humanos , Feminino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Adulto , Comportamento Alimentar/psicologia , Inquéritos e Questionários , Nova Zelândia , Autonomia Pessoal , Ingestão de Alimentos/psicologia
9.
Cognition ; 251: 105882, 2024 Oct.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39024842

RESUMO

Pseudowords offer a unique opportunity to investigate how humans deal with new (verbal) information. Within this framework, previous studies have shown that, at the implicit level, humans exploit systematic associations in the form-meaning interface to process new information by relying on (sub-lexical) contents already mapped in semantic memory. However, whether speakers exploit such processes in explicit decisions about the meanings elicited by unfamiliar terms remains an open, important question. Here, we tested this by leveraging computational models that are able to induce semantic representations for out-of-vocabulary stimuli. Across two experiments, we demonstrate that participants' guesses about pseudoword meanings in a 2AFC task consistently align with the model's predictions. This indicates that humans' ability to extract meaningful knowledge from complex statistical patterns can affect explicit decisions.


Assuntos
Intuição , Semântica , Humanos , Intuição/fisiologia , Adulto , Feminino , Masculino , Adulto Jovem , Psicolinguística , Vocabulário
10.
PLoS One ; 19(6): e0305566, 2024.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38875290

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: In the Netherlands, most emergency department (ED) patients are referred by a general practitioner (GP) or a hospital specialist. Early risk stratification during telephone referral could allow the physician to assess the severity of the patients' illness in the prehospital setting. We aim to assess the discriminatory value of the acute internal medicine (AIM) physicians' clinical intuition based on telephone referral of ED patients to predict short-term adverse outcomes, and to investigate on which information their predictions are based. METHODS: In this prospective study, we included adult ED patients who were referred for internal medicine by a GP or a hospital specialist. Primary outcomes were hospital admission and triage category according to the Manchester Triage System (MTS). Secondary outcome was 31-day mortality. The discriminatory performance of the clinical intuition was assessed using an area under the receiver operating characteristics curve (AUC). To identify which information is important to predict adverse outcomes, we performed univariate regression analysis. Agreement between predicted and observed MTS triage category was assessed using intraclass and Spearman's correlation. RESULTS: We included 333 patients, of whom 172 (51.7%) were referred by a GP, 146 (43.8%) by a hospital specialist, and 12 (3.6%) by another health professional. The AIM physician's clinical intuition showed good discriminatory performance regarding hospital admission (AUC 0.72, 95% CI: 0.66-0.78) and 31-day mortality (AUC 0.73, 95% CI: 0.64-0.81). Univariate regression analysis showed that age ≥65 years and a sense of alarm were significant predictors. The predicted and observed triage category were similar in 45.2%, but in 92.5% the prediction did not deviate by more than one category. Intraclass and Spearman's correlation showed fair agreement between predicted and observed triage category (ICC 0.48, Spearman's 0.29). CONCLUSION: Clinical intuition based on relevant information during a telephone referral can be used to accurately predict short-term outcomes, allowing for early risk stratification in the prehospital setting and managing ED patient flow more effectively.


Assuntos
Medicina Interna , Encaminhamento e Consulta , Telefone , Triagem , Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Estudos Prospectivos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Triagem/métodos , Serviço Hospitalar de Emergência , Países Baixos , Médicos , Intuição , Adulto , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Curva ROC
11.
J Exp Psychol Hum Percept Perform ; 50(8): 859-874, 2024 Aug.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38900527

RESUMO

How we perceive the physical world is not only organized in terms of objects, but also structured in time as sequences of events. This is especially evident in intuitive physics, with temporally bounded dynamics such as falling, occlusion, and bouncing demarcating the continuous flow of sensory inputs. While the spatial structure and attentional consequences of physical objects have been well-studied, much less is known about the temporal structure and attentional consequences of physical events in visual perception. Previous work has recognized physical events as units in the mind, and used presegmented object interactions to explore physical representations. However, these studies did not address whether and how perception imposes the kind of temporal structure that carves these physical events to begin with, and the attentional consequences of such segmentation during intuitive physics. Here, we use performance-based tasks to address this gap. In Experiment 1, we find that perception not only spontaneously separates visual input in time into physical events, but also, this segmentation occurs in a nonlinear manner within a few hundred milliseconds at the moment of the event boundary. In Experiment 2, we find that event representations, once formed, use coarse "look ahead" simulations to selectively prioritize those objects that are predictively part of the unfolding dynamics. This rich temporal and predictive structure of physical event representations, formed during vision, should inform models of intuitive physics. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).


Assuntos
Atenção , Percepção Visual , Humanos , Adulto , Adulto Jovem , Percepção Visual/fisiologia , Atenção/fisiologia , Percepção do Tempo/fisiologia , Masculino , Feminino , Desempenho Psicomotor/fisiologia , Intuição/fisiologia , Percepção Espacial/fisiologia
12.
Emotion ; 24(7): 1652-1662, 2024 Oct.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38869852

RESUMO

People make countless decisions every day. We explored the self-regulatory function of decisions and assumed that the very act of making a decision in everyday life enhances people's mood. We expected that this decision-related mood change would be more pronounced for intuitive decisions than for analytical ones. The ease of making a decision and the feeling of rightness were expected to mediate the effect of intuitive (vs. analytical) decisions on participants' mood. In a preregistered experimental experience sampling study, participants from the general population were asked to report when they were about to make an everyday decision over the course of 14 days (N = 256 participants, 6,779 decisions). For each decision, participants were randomly instructed to decide either based on their intuition or based on careful analysis. We assessed several variables before and immediately after the decision. Participants also reported retrospectively on their choices in voluntary follow-up assessments. Making a decision per se immediately enhanced participants' mood. This mood enhancement was stronger for intuitive compared to analytic decisions and persisted until follow-up. Ease of decision, but not feeling of rightness, mediated this effect. Intuitive decisions compared to analytic decisions were more likely to be implemented and led to greater satisfaction and pleasantness of the chosen option. Having more options for a particular decision led to generally higher mood improvement and satisfaction. This is the first empirical demonstration showing that using one's gut has beneficial effects in everyday life. Study limitations and implications for theory and practice are discussed. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).


Assuntos
Afeto , Tomada de Decisões , Intuição , Humanos , Afeto/fisiologia , Feminino , Intuição/fisiologia , Masculino , Adulto , Tomada de Decisões/fisiologia , Adulto Jovem , Pessoa de Meia-Idade
13.
Cognition ; 250: 105837, 2024 Sep.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38878520

RESUMO

Would you take a gamble with a 10% chance to gain $100 and a 90% chance to lose $10? Even though this gamble has a positive expected value, most people would avoid taking it given the high chance of losing money. Popular "fast-and-slow" dual process theories of risky decision making assume that to take expected value into account and avoid a loss aversion bias, people need to deliberate. In this paper we directly test whether reasoners can also consider expected value benefit intuitively, in the absence of deliberation. To do so, we presented participants with bets and lotteries in which they could choose between a risky expected-value-based choice and a safe loss averse option. We used a two-response paradigm where participants made two choices in every trial: an initial intuitive choice under time-pressure and cognitive load and a final choice without constraints where they could freely deliberate. Results showed that in most trials participants were loss averse, both in the intuitive and deliberate stages. However, when people opted for the expected-value-based choice after deliberating, they had predominantly already arrived at this choice intuitively. Additionally, loss averse participants often showed an intuitive sensitivity to expected value (as reflected in decreased confidence). Overall, these results suggest that deliberation is not the primary route for expected-value-based responding in risky decision making. Risky decisions may be better conceptualized as an interplay between different types of "fast" intuitions rather than between two different types of "fast" and "slow" thinking per se.


Assuntos
Comportamento de Escolha , Tomada de Decisões , Intuição , Assunção de Riscos , Humanos , Intuição/fisiologia , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto , Adulto Jovem , Comportamento de Escolha/fisiologia , Tomada de Decisões/fisiologia , Jogo de Azar , Pensamento/fisiologia
14.
Behav Brain Sci ; 47: e73, 2024 May 13.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38738352

RESUMO

A societal shift has occurred toward making impactful decisions on the basis of objective metrics rather than subjective impressions. This shift is commonly justified by claims that we should not trust subjective intuitions. These are often unjust and thereby corrupt. However, the proxies used to make objective decisions are subject to a different form of corruption, characterized as proxy failure.


Assuntos
Comportamento de Escolha , Tomada de Decisões , Intuição , Humanos , Confiança/psicologia
15.
Stud Hist Philos Sci ; 105: 158-164, 2024 Jun.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38788568

RESUMO

This article examines how deduction preserves certainty and how much certainty it can preserve according to Descartes's Rules for the Direction of the Mind. I argue that the certainty of a deduction is a matter of four conditions for Descartes. First, certainty depends on whether the conjunction of simple propositions is composed with necessity or contingency. Second, a deduction approaches the certainty of an intuition depending on how many "acts of conceiving" it requires and-third-the complexity or difficulty of the acts of thinking, which is determined by the content of the thoughts and on external factors. Fourth, certainty depends on the intellectual aptitude of the person using the deduction. A deduction lacks certainty when it relies on memory such that it is not apprehended with immediacy. However, the mental capacity and speed of a mind can be increased by training the special mental faculties of perspicacity and discernment. Increasing one's intellectual aptitude allows for more steps of a deduction to be inferred in fewer acts of conceiving, thereby helping preserve the certainty of a deduction.


Assuntos
Pensamento , Filosofia/história , Incerteza , História do Século XX , Intuição , Humanos
16.
Appetite ; 199: 107403, 2024 08 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38723670

RESUMO

Intuitive eating, defined as relying on physiological cues to determine when, what, and how much to eat while maintaining a positive relationship with food (Tribole & Resch, 1995), has gained a lot of research attention in the last two decades. The present study sought to determine how motivation for regulating eating behaviors is related to intuitive eating and well-being outcomes in dyads of mothers and their adult daughters (n = 214). Structural equation modelling revealed that controlling for dieting and desire to lose weight, both mothers' and daughters' autonomous motivation was positively associated with their own intuitive eating while their controlled motivation was negatively associated with intuitive eating. In turn, intuitive eating was positively associated with well-being in both mothers and daughters. Interestingly, mothers' intuitive eating was also positively related to their daughters' well-being. The analysis of indirect effects suggests that mothers' motivation to regulate eating behaviors has an indirect (mediating) relationship with daughters' well-being through mothers' intuitive eating. The implications for women's health and well-being are discussed.


Assuntos
Comportamento Alimentar , Intuição , Relações Mãe-Filho , Mães , Motivação , Humanos , Feminino , Adulto , Comportamento Alimentar/psicologia , Mães/psicologia , Relações Mãe-Filho/psicologia , Filhos Adultos/psicologia , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Adulto Jovem , Núcleo Familiar/psicologia , Ingestão de Alimentos/psicologia
17.
Appetite ; 199: 107407, 2024 08 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38729580

RESUMO

Intuitive eating has been found to protect against disordered eating and preserve well-being. Yet, there are methodological (length), conceptual (inconsideration of medical, value-based, and access-related reasons for food consumption), and psychometric (item wording) concerns with its most common measure, the Intuitive Eating Scale-2 (IES-2). To address these concerns, we developed the IES-3 and investigated its psychometric properties with U.S. community adults. Across three online studies, we evaluated the IES-3's factorial validity using exploratory factor analysis (EFA; Study 1; N = 957; Mage = 36.30), as well as confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), exploratory structural equation modeling (ESEM), bifactor-CFA, and bifactor-ESEM (Study 2; N = 1152; Mage = 40.95), and cross-validated the optimal model (Study 3; N = 884; Mage = 38.54). We examined measurement invariance across samples and time, differential item functioning (age, body mass index [BMI], gender), composite reliability, and validity. Study 1 revealed a 12-item, 4-factor structure (unconditional permission to eat, eating for physical reasons, reliance on hunger and satiety cues, body-food choice congruence). In Study 2, a bifactor-ESEM model with a global intuitive eating factor and four specific factors best fit the data, which was temporally stable across three weeks. This model also had good fit in Study 3 and, across Studies 2 and 3, and was fully invariant and lacked measurement bias in terms of age, gender, and BMI. Associations between latent IES-3 factors and age, gender, and BMI were invariant across Studies 2 and 3. Composite reliability and validity (relationships with disordered eating, embodiment, body image, well-being, and distress; negligible relationship with impression management) of the retained model were also supported. The 12-item IES-3 demonstrates strong psychometric properties in U.S. community adults. Research is now needed using the IES-3 in other cultural contexts and social identity groups.


Assuntos
Comportamento Alimentar , Intuição , Psicometria , Humanos , Feminino , Masculino , Adulto , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Análise Fatorial , Comportamento Alimentar/psicologia , Inquéritos e Questionários/normas , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Adulto Jovem , Ingestão de Alimentos/psicologia , Índice de Massa Corporal , Transtornos da Alimentação e da Ingestão de Alimentos/psicologia , Adolescente
18.
Appetite ; 199: 107402, 2024 08 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38754767

RESUMO

Intuitive eating influences health-related behaviors (including calorie and nutritional intake) that are modulated by inhibitory control, producing implications for physical, mental, and emotional health. However, little is known about the relationship between intuitive eating habits and inhibitory control. Therefore, we tested intuitive eating's influence on measures of general and food-related inhibitory control using behavioral and event-related potentials (N2 and P3 components). We included 40 healthy participants: 23 had a higher level of intuitive eating, and 17 had a lower level. They participated in food-specific go/no-go and general go/no-go tasks for which we recorded electroencephalogram data. As expected, in the food-specific go/no-go task, the P3 component amplitude in the lower intuitive eating group was significantly larger than in the higher intuitive eating group; there were no significant between-group differences in the N2 amplitudes or behavioral measures. Moreover, there were no ERP or behavioral difference between groups in the general go/no-go task. Further research is needed to understand the role of positive eating behaviors in food-specific inhibitory control.


Assuntos
Eletroencefalografia , Potenciais Evocados , Comportamento Alimentar , Inibição Psicológica , Intuição , Humanos , Feminino , Comportamento Alimentar/psicologia , Adulto Jovem , Masculino , Adulto , Potenciais Evocados/fisiologia , Intuição/fisiologia , Ingestão de Alimentos/psicologia , Ingestão de Alimentos/fisiologia
19.
J Exp Psychol Gen ; 153(8): 2013-2027, 2024 Aug.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38815102

RESUMO

Topology is the branch of mathematics that seeks to understand and describe spatial relations. A number of studies have examined the human perception of topology-in particular, whether adults and young children perceive and differentiate objects based on features like closure, boundedness, and emptiness. Topology is about more than "wholes and holes," however; it also offers an efficient language for representing network structure. Topological maps, common for subway systems across the world, are an example of how effective this language can be. Inspired by this idea, here we examine "intuitive network topology." We first show that people readily differentiate objects based on several different features of topological networks. We then show that people both remember and match objects in accordance with their topology, over and above substantial variation in their surface features. These results demonstrate that humans possess an intuitive understanding for the basic topological features of networks, and hint at the possibility that topology may serve as a format for representing relations in the mind. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).


Assuntos
Intuição , Humanos , Adulto , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto Jovem , Percepção Espacial/fisiologia , Compreensão
20.
Psychol Sci ; 35(8): 858-871, 2024 Aug.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38743821

RESUMO

Our understanding of ownership influences how we interact with objects and with each other. Here, we studied people's intuitions about ownership transfer using a set of simple, parametrically varied events. We found that people (N = 120 U.S. adults) had similar intuitions about ownership for some events but sharply opposing intuitions for others (Experiment 1). People (N = 120 U.S. adults) were unaware of these conflicts and overestimated ownership consensus (Experiment 2). Moreover, differences in people's ownership intuitions predicted their intuitions about the acceptability of using, altering, controlling, and destroying the owned object (N = 130 U.S. adults; Experiment 3), even when ownership was not explicitly mentioned (N = 130 U.S. adults; Experiment 4). Subject-level analyses suggest that these disagreements reflect at least two underlying intuitive theories, one in which intentions are central to ownership and another in which physical possession is prioritized.


Assuntos
Intuição , Propriedade , Humanos , Adulto , Feminino , Masculino , Adulto Jovem , Julgamento , Intenção
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