Leopardus wiedii Papillomavirus type 1, a novel papillomavirus species in the tree ocelot, suggests Felidae Lambdapapillomavirus polyphyletic origin and host-independent evolution.

The limited knowledge on Papillomavirus diversity (particularly in wild animal species) influences the accuracy of PVs phylogeny and their evolutionary history, and hinders the comprehension of PVs pathogenicity, especially the mechanism of virus - related cancer progression. This study reports the identification of Leopardus wiedii Papillomavirus type 1 (LwiePV1), the first PV type within Lambdapapillomavirus in a Leopardus host. LwiePV1 full genome sequencing allowed the investigation of its taxonomic position and phylogeny. Based on results, LwiePV1 should be assigned to a novel PV species providing evidence for a polyphyletic origin of feline lambda PVs, and representing an exception to codivergence between feline lambda PVs and their hosts. Results improve our knowledge on PV diversity and pave the way to future studies investigating biological and evolutionary features of animal PVs.

Papilomavírus oral em cão: relato de caso / Oral papillomavirus in dog: case report / Papilomavirus oral en perro: relato de caso

A papilomatose canina é uma doença viral espécie-específica que pode ser causada por diversos tipos de vírus. Sua transmissão é feita por contato direto e também indireto devido à resistência dos vírus ao meio ambiente. A manifestação clínica mais frequente é a papilomatose oral que acomete principalmente cães jovens ou cães adultos imunossuprimidos. Após um período de incubação de quatro semanas, os animais acometidos pela papilomatose viral podem ou não apresentar sintomatologia dependendo de seu estado imunológico. As lesões podem acometer toda a mucosa oral, lábio, língua e orofaringe e normalmente regridem após um período de um a dois meses. Alguns animais podem apresentar quadros de maior duração ou recidivas. Pela sua característica autolimitante, o tratamento cirúrgico com remoção das lesões é indicado apenas nos animais que apresentam dificuldade de apreensão e ingestão de alimentos. Outros tratamentos medicamentosos vêm sendo apresentados para a resolução mais rápida do quadro, porém os estudos ainda não são comprobatórios de sua eficácia.(AU)

Canine papillomatosis is a species-specific viral disease that can be caused by several types of virus. Its transmission is made by direct and also indirect contact due to virus resistance in environment. The most common clinical manifestation is oral papillomatosis, which affects mainly young dogs or immunosuppressed adult dogs. After an incubation period of 4 weeks, the animais affected by viral papillomatosis may or may not present symptomatology depending on their immunological status. Lesions may involve the entire oral mucosa, lip, tongue and oropharynx and usually regress after a period of one to two months. Some animais may present persistent and of repeatedlyrecurrent oral papillomas. Because of its self-limiting characteristics, surgical treatment with removal of lesions is indicated only in animais that present difficulties in seizure and ingestion of food. Other drug treatments have been presented for the quicker resolution of the condition, but the studies have not yet prove their efficacy.(AU)

La papilomatosis canina es una enfermedad viral de tipo especie específico que puede ser causada por diversos tipos de virus. Su transmisión es hecha por contacto directo y también indirecto debido a la resistencia de los virus ai medio ambiente. La manifestación clínica más frecuente es la papilomatosis oral que afecta principalmente los perros jóvenes o perros adultos inmunosuprimidos. Después de un período de incubación de 4 semanas, los animales acometidos por la papilomatosis viral pueden o no presentar sintomatología dependiendo de su estado inmunológico. Las lesiones pueden acometer toda Ia mucosa oral, ellabio, la lengua y la orofaringe y normalmente se remontan después de un período de uno a dos meses. Algunos animales pueden presentar cuadros de mayor duración o recidivas. Por su característica autolimitante, el tratamiento quirúrgico con remoción de las lesiones es indicado sólo en los animales que presentan dificultad de aprehensión e ingestión de alimentos. Se han presentado otros tratamientos medicamentosos para la resolución más rápida dei cuadro, pero los estudios aún no son comprobantes de su eficacia.(AU)

Papilomavírus oral em cão: relato de caso / Oral papillomavirus in dog: case report / Papilomavirus oral en perro: relato de caso

A papilomatose canina é uma doença viral espécie-específica que pode ser causada por diversos tipos de vírus. Sua transmissão é feita por contato direto e também indireto devido à resistência dos vírus ao meio ambiente. A manifestação clínica mais frequente é a papilomatose oral que acomete principalmente cães jovens ou cães adultos imunossuprimidos. Após um período de incubação de quatro semanas, os animais acometidos pela papilomatose viral podem ou não apresentar sintomatologia dependendo de seu estado imunológico. As lesões podem acometer toda a mucosa oral, lábio, língua e orofaringe e normalmente regridem após um período de um a dois meses. Alguns animais podem apresentar quadros de maior duração ou recidivas. Pela sua característica autolimitante, o tratamento cirúrgico com remoção das lesões é indicado apenas nos animais que apresentam dificuldade de apreensão e ingestão de alimentos. Outros tratamentos medicamentosos vêm sendo apresentados para a resolução mais rápida do quadro, porém os estudos ainda não são comprobatórios de sua eficácia.

Canine papillomatosis is a species-specific viral disease that can be caused by several types of virus. Its transmission is made by direct and also indirect contact due to virus resistance in environment. The most common clinical manifestation is oral papillomatosis, which affects mainly young dogs or immunosuppressed adult dogs. After an incubation period of 4 weeks, the animais affected by viral papillomatosis may or may not present symptomatology depending on their immunological status. Lesions may involve the entire oral mucosa, lip, tongue and oropharynx and usually regress after a period of one to two months. Some animais may present persistent and of repeatedlyrecurrent oral papillomas. Because of its self-limiting characteristics, surgical treatment with removal of lesions is indicated only in animais that present difficulties in seizure and ingestion of food. Other drug treatments have been presented for the quicker resolution of the condition, but the studies have not yet prove their efficacy.

La papilomatosis canina es una enfermedad viral de tipo especie específico que puede ser causada por diversos tipos de virus. Su transmisión es hecha por contacto directo y también indirecto debido a la resistencia de los virus ai medio ambiente. La manifestación clínica más frecuente es la papilomatosis oral que afecta principalmente los perros jóvenes o perros adultos inmunosuprimidos. Después de un período de incubación de 4 semanas, los animales acometidos por la papilomatosis viral pueden o no presentar sintomatología dependiendo de su estado inmunológico. Las lesiones pueden acometer toda Ia mucosa oral, ellabio, la lengua y la orofaringe y normalmente se remontan después de un período de uno a dos meses. Algunos animales pueden presentar cuadros de mayor duración o recidivas. Por su característica autolimitante, el tratamiento quirúrgico con remoción de las lesiones es indicado sólo en los animales que presentan dificultad de aprehensión e ingestión de alimentos. Se han presentado otros tratamientos medicamentosos para la resolución más rápida dei cuadro, pero los estudios aún no son comprobantes de su eficacia.

Effects of autohemotherapy on hematologic parameters and morphology of canine oral papillomatosis

Background: Several treatments for oral papillomatosis in dogs, with satisfactory results, have already been described in the literature. However, there is need for further studies regarding remission time, association and exposure to drugs, side effects, cost-effectiveness and reproducibility of results. Autohemotherapy (AHT) is a therapeutic technique increasingly used in veterinary medicine that has been providing satisfactory clinical results to treat several pathologies. The procedure consists of removing blood by intravenous puncture that is immediately re-administered via intramuscular, subcutaneous, intravenous or intradermal. Although the empirical isolated use via intramuscular reached excellent results in routine medical treatment of dogs and since few studies and protocols have been described for this species, many times the treatment is based on the experience with the bovine papillomatosis. To this end, this report describes a case of canine oral papillomatosis treated with autohemotherapy (AHT), emphasizing the dosage and clinical evolution of the case. Case: A one-year-old mongrel dog rescued from the street eight months earlier was treated. The animal was thin resulting from the small food amount ingested due to feeding difficulty, infested with ticks, had bad breath and few small warts on the lips, which, after five months, grew and multiplied, and were distributed throughout the oral cavity. The animal clinical history led to papillomatosis diagnosis, which was confirmed by cytological and histopathological exams. The AHT treatment consisted of taking 5 mL of whole blood without EDTA and immediately injecting this volume intramuscularly, every four days until the total remission of the clinical symptoms. Every four days, the papilloma fall off, and involution processes were recorded through a detailed macroscopic analysis of the warts […]

Effects of autohemotherapy on hematologic parameters and morphology of canine oral papillomatosis

Background: Several treatments for oral papillomatosis in dogs, with satisfactory results, have already been described in the literature. However, there is need for further studies regarding remission time, association and exposure to drugs, side effects, cost-effectiveness and reproducibility of results. Autohemotherapy (AHT) is a therapeutic technique increasingly used in veterinary medicine that has been providing satisfactory clinical results to treat several pathologies. The procedure consists of removing blood by intravenous puncture that is immediately re-administered via intramuscular, subcutaneous, intravenous or intradermal. Although the empirical isolated use via intramuscular reached excellent results in routine medical treatment of dogs and since few studies and protocols have been described for this species, many times the treatment is based on the experience with the bovine papillomatosis. To this end, this report describes a case of canine oral papillomatosis treated with autohemotherapy (AHT), emphasizing the dosage and clinical evolution of the case. Case: A one-year-old mongrel dog rescued from the street eight months earlier was treated. The animal was thin resulting from the small food amount ingested due to feeding difficulty, infested with ticks, had bad breath and few small warts on the lips, which, after five months, grew and multiplied, and were distributed throughout the oral cavity. The animal clinical history led to papillomatosis diagnosis, which was confirmed by cytological and histopathological exams. The AHT treatment consisted of taking 5 mL of whole blood without EDTA and immediately injecting this volume intramuscularly, every four days until the total remission of the clinical symptoms. Every four days, the papilloma fall off, and involution processes were recorded through a detailed macroscopic analysis of the warts […](AU)

Canine papillomatosis: a retrospective study of 24 cases (2001-2011) and immunohistochemical characterization / Papilomatose em cães: estudo retrospectivo de 24 casos (2001-2011) e caracterização imuno-histoquímica

A retrospective study of 24 cases of papillomas in dogs was performed from January 2001 to March 2011. Additionally, immunohistochemistry (IHC) was used to characterize and evaluate the samples. We found that disease was observed more in mixed breed dogs, ages ranging from 6 months to 10 years (mean 3.1 years), and there was no gender predilection. The main lesion sites were the skin (75%), lips (16.7%), and eyelids (8.3%). Upon histological evaluation, we observed papillary exophytic proliferation of squamous epithelium and papillary endophytic proliferation (inverted) in 87.5% and 12.5% of cases, respectively. The tumors were characterized by spinous layer hyperplasia (87.5%) with koilocytes (70.8%) and intranuclear pale basophilic inclusions bodies (8.3%), prominent granular layer with large amounts of keratohyalin granules (95.8%), and hyperkeratosis in the stratum corneum (100%). Positive immunostaining for Papillomavirus was found in 83.3% of cases, which were distributed between the granular layer and the stratum corneum. These findings indicate the following: that papillomas in dogs are caused by Papillomavirus, the viral cytopathic effect induces epithelial lesions, viral particles are found inside the cell nuclei, and inclusions bodies are rare.

Foi realizado um estudo retrospectivo de 24 casos de papilomas em cães diagnosticados no período de janeiro 2001 a março de 2011, bem como a sua caracterização imuno-histoquímica (IHQ). Cães sem raça definida foram os mais afetados, a idade média foi de 3,1 anos, com variação de 6 meses a 10 anos e não houve predileção sexual. Quanto à localização das lesões, 75,0% estavam na pele, 16,7% no lábio e 8,3% em pálpebra. Na avaliação histológica havia proliferação papilar exofítica do epitélio escamoso em 87,5% e papilar endofítica (invertido) em 12,5%. O tumor era caracterizado por hiperplasia do estrato espinhoso (87,5%) com coilócitos (70,8%) e inclusões intranucleares basofílicas pálidas (8,3%); o estrato granular estava proeminente com grande quantidade de grânulos de querato-hialina (95,8%); e havia hiperqueratose do estrato córneo (100%). Na avaliação IHQ para Papillomavirus houve marcação nos estratos granuloso e córneo em 83,3%. Estes achados indicam que os papilomas em cães são causados por Papillomavirus, as lesões epiteliais são decorrentes do efeito citopático viral, as partículas virais estão no núcleo das células e corpúsculos de inclusão são raros.

Canine papillomatosis: a retrospective study of 24 cases (2001-2011) and immunohistochemical characterization / Papilomatose em cães: estudo retrospectivo de 24 casos (2001-2011) e caracterização imuno-histoquímica

A retrospective study of 24 cases of papillomas in dogs was performed from January 2001 to March 2011. Additionally, immunohistochemistry (IHC) was used to characterize and evaluate the samples. We found that disease was observed more in mixed breed dogs, ages ranging from 6 months to 10 years (mean 3.1 years), and there was no gender predilection. The main lesion sites were the skin (75%), lips (16.7%), and eyelids (8.3%). Upon histological evaluation, we observed papillary exophytic proliferation of squamous epithelium and papillary endophytic proliferation (inverted) in 87.5% and 12.5% of cases, respectively. The tumors were characterized by spinous layer hyperplasia (87.5%) with koilocytes (70.8%) and intranuclear pale basophilic inclusions bodies (8.3%), prominent granular layer with large amounts of keratohyalin granules (95.8%), and hyperkeratosis in the stratum corneum (100%). Positive immunostaining for Papillomavirus was found in 83.3% of cases, which were distributed between the granular layer and the stratum corneum. These findings indicate the following: that papillomas in dogs are caused by Papillomavirus, the viral cytopathic effect induces epithelial lesions, viral particles are found inside the cell nuclei, and inclusions bodies are rare.(AU)

Foi realizado um estudo retrospectivo de 24 casos de papilomas em cães diagnosticados no período de janeiro 2001 a março de 2011, bem como a sua caracterização imuno-histoquímica (IHQ). Cães sem raça definida foram os mais afetados, a idade média foi de 3,1 anos, com variação de 6 meses a 10 anos e não houve predileção sexual. Quanto à localização das lesões, 75,0% estavam na pele, 16,7% no lábio e 8,3% em pálpebra. Na avaliação histológica havia proliferação papilar exofítica do epitélio escamoso em 87,5% e papilar endofítica (invertido) em 12,5%. O tumor era caracterizado por hiperplasia do estrato espinhoso (87,5%) com coilócitos (70,8%) e inclusões intranucleares basofílicas pálidas (8,3%); o estrato granular estava proeminente com grande quantidade de grânulos de querato-hialina (95,8%); e havia hiperqueratose do estrato córneo (100%). Na avaliação IHQ para Papillomavirus houve marcação nos estratos granuloso e córneo em 83,3%. Estes achados indicam que os papilomas em cães são causados por Papillomavirus, as lesões epiteliais são decorrentes do efeito citopático viral, as partículas virais estão no núcleo das células e corpúsculos de inclusão são raros.(AU)

Efecto de la infusión de quishuar (Buddleja incana) y diminaceno en el tratamiento de la papilomatosis oral canina / Effect infusion quishuar (Buddleja incana) and diminaceno in treating the papillomatosis oral canina

Se realizó un estudio con la finalidad de evaluar el efecto de la infusión de quishuar (Buddleja incana) y el diminaceno, sólos y combinados, en el tratamiento de la papilomatosis oral canina (POC). Para tal efecto se utilizaron 12 perros diagnosticados con la enfermedad, por métodos clínicos e histopatológicos. Se formaron cuatro grupos con igual número de animales. Se realizaron exámenes hematológicos a todos los animales antes y después del tratamiento. Mientras en el grupo T no hubo regresión de los papilomas, en el grupo T regresionaron totalmente los papilomas a los 60 días promedio, también en el grupo T se produjo la involución total de los papilomas, pero en un tiempo promedio de 21 días, y en el grupo T, dos de tres perros curaron completamente en 21 días promedio. Se concluye que el tratamiento con diminaceno en inyección intramuscular, una vez por semana es efectivo para producir involución total de los papilomas en un tiempo corto de 21 días. Asimismo, cuando se combina con administración oral de infusión de quishuar, el resultado es similar; por lo que se convierten en una real alternativa de terapia para curar la papilomatosis oral canina.

A study to evaluate the effect of the infusion of quishuar (Buddleja incana) and diminaceno, alone and in combination in the treatment of canine oral papillomatosis (POC). To this end 12 dogs were diagnosed with the disease, clinical and histopathological methods. They were divided into four groups with equal numbers of animals. Blood tests were performed on all animals before and after treatment. T0 in the group while there was no regression of papillomas in group T1 regresionaron totally papillomas to average 60 days, also in the group T2 was involution of the papillomas, but in an average time of 21 days, and T3 in group two of three dogs healed completely in 21 days on average. We conclude that treatment with diminaceno intramuscular injection once a week, is effective in producing complete regression of papillomas in a short time of 21 days. Also, when combined with oral administration of infusion quishuar, the result is similar, so it becomes a real alternative therapy to cure canine oral papillomatosis.