+Literacia emocional: competências emocionais dos enfermeiros / +Emotional Literacy: Nurses Emotional Skills

O interesse pela inteligência emocional e desenvolvimento das competências emocionais tem vindo a aumentar. A iliteracia emocional gera problemas socio emocionais e conflitos (Goleman, 2010). O desenvolvimento das competências emocionais dá lugar à educação emocional e representa um dos objetivos primordiais– promover a Literacia Emocional dos Enfermeiros e consequentemente uma Saúde Mental Positiva.No âmbito da Promoção da Saúde Mental, pretende-se elaborar um Módulo “+Literacia Emocional: Competências Emocionais dos Enfermeiros” de acordo com as 5 dimensões, identificadas por Xavier e Nunes (2016): Conhecimento emocional; Autonomia emocional; Regulação emocional; Competência social; Habilidades de vida e bem-estar. A intervenção, baseada no modelo multifatorial de Saúde Mental Positiva, pretende ser um recurso para o programa de Promoção de Saúde Mental Positiva “+ por Ti”, recorrendo aos instrumentos de avaliação utilizados neste programa. A metodologia adotada tem como base o método exploratório e descritivo, com revisão sistemática da literatura. (AU)

Interest in emotional intelligence and the development of emotional skills has been increasing. Emotional illiteracy generates socio-emotional problems and conflicts (Goleman, 2010). The development of emotional competencies gives rise to emotional education and represents one of the primary objectives – to promote the Emotional Literacy of Nurses and, consequently, Positive Mental Health. Within the scope of Mental Health Promotion, this study sought to develop a Module “+Emotional Literacy: Emotional Competences of Nurses” according to the five dimensions identified by Xavier and Nunes (2016): Emotional knowledge; Emotional autonomy; Emotional regulation; Social competence; Life skills and well-being. Based on the multifactorial model of Positive Mental Health, the intervention intends to be a resource for the Promotion of Positive Mental Health programme “+ por Ti”, using the evaluation instruments used in this programme. The methodology adopted is based on the exploratory and descriptive method, with a systematic literature review. (AU)

“A beautiful mind” – Promoção da literacia em saúde mental / “A beautiful mind” - Promotion of mental health literacy

Introdução: Associado à iliteracia do que fazer para prevenir, retardar e quando procurar ajuda, perante a esquizofrenia, requer-se ao enfermeiro especialista em saúde mental um agir ético, alicerçado no conhecimento empírico, técnico-científico, envolvendo os deveres profissionais: dignidade, individualidade e autonomia. Objetivo: Promover a literacia em saúde mental, através da análise do adoecer de uma pessoa com esquizofrenia e das questões éticas associadas ao cuidar em enfermagem de saúde mental. Metodologia: Estudo de caso – filme “Uma Mente Brilhante”, de natureza qualitativa, exploratória-descritiva. Resultados e Discussão: A esquizofrenia transforma a forma de pensar, de sentir e de relação com as pessoas, conduzindo à estigmatização associada a mitos conectivos entre a doença mental e a violência, contribuindo para a dificuldade/exclusão no emprego, apoio social e procura de ajuda. Conclusão: Salienta-se a promoção da literacia do agir perante uma pessoa com esquizofrenia, e do cuidado ético em enfermagem inerente. (AU)

Introduction: Associated with the illiteracy of what to do to prevent, delay, and when to seek help, in the face of schizophrenia, the nurse specialist in mental health is required to act ethically, based on empirical, technical-scientific knowledge, involving professional duties: dignity, individuality and autonomy. Objective: To promote mental health literacy by analysing the illness of a person with schizophrenia and the ethical issues associated with mental health nursing care. Methodology: Case study – film “A Brilliant Mind”, of a qualitative, exploratory-descriptive nature. Results and Discussion: Schizophrenia transforms the way of thinking, feeling, and relating to people, leading to stigmatisation associated with connecting myths between mental illness and violence, contributing to difficulty/exclusion in employment, social support and seeking help. Conclusion: The promotion of literacy on how to act towards a person with schizophrenia, and the inherent ethical care in nursing, are highlighted. (AU)

A saúde mental na transição parental e a utilização da internet mediada pelos enfermeiros / Mental health in the parental transition and the use of the internet mediated by nurses

Enquadramento: A transição parental pode ter um significado relevante na saúde mental dos pais. Facilitar esta transição é uma importante função dos enfermeiros. A informoterapia pode beneficiar tomadas de decisão parentais. Um portal orientado para a promoção das competências parentais administrado pela internet, integrado no plano de cuidados individual, pode promover competências parentais, neste caso, relativamente à segurança do recém-nascido. Objetivos: Definir um modelo de dados relativo às oportunidades de desenvolvimento do conhecimento parental sobre segurança do recém-nascido articulado com a ontologia de enfermagem, definir conteúdos multimédia necessários para uma literacia promotora da transição parental saudável. Metodologia: Análise de conteúdo ao material usado nos cursos de preparação e apoio à parentalidade e gravidez em funcionamento nos anos 2020 e 2021, no âmbito das Unidades de Cuidados na Comunidade dos Centros de Saúde da Boavista e de Paranhos. O processo de análise foi realizado por 3 investigadores sem modelo de análise à priori. Resultados: Relativamente ao conhecimento sobre segurança, foram identificadas duas categorias: segurança rodoviária e segurança não rodoviária. Na categoria segurança rodoviária foram definidas vinte subcategorias do conhecimento. Para cada subcategoria determinaram-se questões a colocar aos pais e o elenco de respostas indicativas de conhecimento facilitador ou potencial para melhorar o conhecimento. Conclusões: O conhecimento associado à transição parental pode ser alterado pela ação do enfermeiro através da informoterapia. O uso da internet mediado pelo enfermeiro pode promover a literacia em saúde como parte do processo de cuidados, facilitando a mestria dos pais e a perceção da sua saúde mental. (AU)

Background: Parental transition can impact parents’ mental health. Facilitating this transition process is an essential role of nurses. Information therapy can benefit parental decision-making. A website oriented towards the promotion of parenting skills administered over the internet, integrated into the individual care plan, can promote parenting skills such as newborn safety. Objectives: To define a data model regarding the opportunities for developing parental knowledge about newborn safety, articulated with a nursing ontology, and to define multimedia content appropriated for literacy that promotes a healthy parental transition. Methodology: A content analysis on the material used in parenting and pregnancy courses was carried out under the scope of Boavista and Paranhos Health Centers in 2020 and 2021. The analysis was performed by three independent researchers without a prior analysis model. Results: In the domain of parents’ knowledge about newborn safety, two categories were identified: newborn safety in traffic and newborn safety other than traffic. In the newborn safety in the traffic category, twenty subcategories of knowledge were identified. For each subcategory, a set of questions were defined to be answered by parents and a set of possible answers that represents accurate knowledge and lack of knowledge on each issue. Conclusions: Parents’ knowledge about newborn safety can be modified by nursing therapeutics using information therapy. Nurse-mediated internet use can promote health literacy as part of the care process by facilitating parents’ mastery and perception of their mental health. (AU)

Literacia em saúde e consumo de substâncias psicoativas em jovens

Introdução: O consumo de substâncias psicoativas pelos jovens tornou-se uma questão inquietante para a enfermagem. Sabendo que a Literacia em Saúde (LS) é a capacidade das pessoas adquirirem conhecimento de modo a tomarem decisões relativamente à prevenção da doença e promoção de saúde, surgiu a questão: qual a relação entre a LS e o consumo de substâncias psicoativas nos jovens? Objetivos: Caracterizar a LS, o consumo de substâncias psicoativas e a sua relação. Metodologia: Estudo exploratório, descritivo e correlacional. Amostra de conveniência com 103 jovens. Instrumentos: Questionário sociodemográfico, Escala de Literacia em Saúde e Alcohol, Smoking and Substance Involvement Screening Test. O tratamento de dados foi realizado através do SPSS 25. Resultados e discussão: Amostra maioritariamente do sexo feminino (82,5%) e estudantes (62,1%), cuja média de idades é 21,05 anos. As substâncias mais consumidas são o álcool (75%), o tabaco (50,5%), a cannabis (35%) e as benzodiazepinas (22,5%). Verificaram-se policonsumos (álcool, tabaco e cannabis). O grau de LS é desadequado, e não se verificaram associações entre o consumo de substâncias e o grau de literacia. Detetaram-se diferenças estatisticamente significativa entre o consumo de benzodiazepinas e a situação profissional, verificando-se que as pessoas desempregadas têm maior consumo de benzodiazepinas. Conclusão: Urge intervir na promoção da LS dos jovens, com a finalidade de os motivar a diminuir ou parar o consumo de substâncias que possam comprometer a sua saúde. Sugerem-se estudos com amostras maiores e analisar outras variáveis que contribuam para estes comportamentos aditivos. (AU)

Introduction: The consumption of psychoactive substances by young people has become a topic of great concern for nursing. Knowing that Health Literacy (HL) is the ability of people to acquire knowledge to make decisions regarding disease prevention and health promotion, the question arose: what is the relationship between HL and the consumption of psychoactive substances in young people? Objectives: To characterize HL, the consumption of psychoactive substances and their relationship. Methodology: Exploratory, descriptive, and correlational study. Convenience sample with 103 young people. Instruments: Sociodemographic Questionnaire, Health and Alcohol Literacy Scale, Smoking and Substance Involvement Screening Test. Data processing was performed using SPSS 25. Results and discussion: The sample was primarily female (82.5%) and students (62.1%), with an average age of 21.05. The most consumed substances were alcohol (75%), followed by tobacco (50.5%), cannabis (35%) and benzodiazepines (22.5%). Also, polyconsumption (alcohol, tobacco, and cannabis) was observed. The degree of HL is inadequate, and there were no associations between substance use and the degree of literacy. However, statistically significant differences were found between the consumption of benzodiazepines and the professional situation, concluding that unemployed people have a higher consumption of benzodiazepines. Conclusion: It is urgent to intervene in the promotion of HL in young people to motivate them to reduce or stop the consumption of substances that may compromise their health. Further studies with larger samples and analysing other variables that contribute to these addictive behaviours are suggested. (AU)

Covid-19 e o treinador de desporto: entre a adversidade e a capacitação psicológica / Covid-19 and the Sports Coach: between adversity and psychological empowerment

Introdução: A situação pandémica da COVID-19 colocou à prova a saúde mental, em particular, de atletas jovens e de seus treinadores, envolvendo todos numa incerteza permanente e global, e forçando-os a enfrentar adversidades, gerir emoções e relações e a testar orientações sanitárias e novas soluções. Objetivos: Identificar as principais alterações na perceção do papel social e no funcionamento psicológico do treinador de desporto, produzidas pelo prolongado período pandémico. Métodos: Entrevistas semiestruturadas a quatro treinadores especialistas na formação de atletas jovens de diferentes modalidades desportivas, com idades compreendidas entre os 34 e os 63 anos (M=48,0). Resultados: Foram identificadas as ações prioritárias, os recursos pessoais e sociais mobilizados, aprendizagens efetuadas e dificuldades sentidas enquanto procuraram lidar com os variados constrangimentos surgidos. Conclusão: Da adversidade vivenciada, decisiva da capacitação efetuada, decorrem implicações sobre a necessidade de atualização dos programas de formação de treinadores bem como para a intervenção psicológica com essa população. (AU)

Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic tested the mental health of young athletes and their coaches, involving everyone in permanent and global uncertainty, forcing them to face adversity, manage emotions and relationships and check health guidelines and new solutions. Objectives: To identify the perceived main changes in sports coaches’ social role and psychological functioning produced by the prolonged pandemic. Methods: Semi-structured interviews with four coaches specialized in training young athletes from different sports, aged between 34 and 63 years (M=48.0). Results: Priority actions, personal and social resources mobilized, lessons learned, and difficulties experienced while dealing with the various emerging constraints were identified. Conclusion: Considering the adversity experienced, which is recognized as decisive for psychological empowerment, there are some implications: the need to update educational programmes for coaches and psychological intervention with this population. (AU)

Promoção da literacia e saúde mental positiva: Estudo quase-experimental com adolescentes em contexto esco / Promotion of literacy and positive mental health: A quasi-experimental study with adolescents in a school context

Introdução: As intervenções de enfermagem de promoção da saúde mental positiva (SMP)em adolescentes aumentam a autoestima, as habilidades socio emocionais e a capacidade de resolução de problemas dos jovens, diminuem o estigma, e permitem incrementar a esperança. Objetivos: Analisar uma intervenção de promoção de saúde mental positiva em adolescentes em contexto escolar. Metodologia: Estudo quase-experimental com pré e pós-teste, numa amostra não probabilística de 72 adolescentes. Foi aplicado um programa de SMP por enfermeiros especialistas de saúde mental no grupo experimental. Para a recolha de dados foi usado questionário de autopreenchimento online que continha todos os instrumentos de medida, aplicados ao grupo experimental antes e depois da intervenção de promoção de saúde mental positiva. Resultados: Verificou-se melhoria da SMP, diminuição do estigma, diminuição da vulnerabilidade psicológica e aumento dos níveis de esperança. Conclusão: A intervenção de enfermagem de promoção da saúde mental positiva teve uma forte adesão dos adolescentes e uma melhoria nos indicadores de saúde mental estudados (AU)

Introduction: Nursing interventions to promote positive mental health (PMH) in adolescents increase self-esteem socio-emotional and problem-solving skills of young people, reduce stigma and increase hope. Objective: To analyse the programme’s effectiveness in promoting adolescents’ positive mental health in a school context. Methodology: A Quasi-experimental study using pre and post-test in a non-probabilistic sample of 72 adolescents. A PMH programme was applied by specialist mental health nurses in the experimental group. An online self-completion questionnaire was used for data collection, which contained the measurement instruments applied to the experimental group before and after the PMH intervention. Results: There was an improvement in PMH, a decrease in stigma, a decrease in psychological vulnerability and an increase in levels of hope. Conclusion: The positive mental health promotion nursing intervention had a strong adherence by adolescents and improved the mental health indicators under study. (AU)

The kinesthetic diagnosis in a homeric item of pathological heartbeat: An overview in the history of ancient greek medicine.

The Iliad, by the Greek poet Homer, is a precious mine of examples of war traumatology. In the specific case of spear wounds in the chest, the death of the Trojan warrior Alcathous is particularly interesting from the point of view of the history of medicine and the evolution of cardiology and knowledge of the heart at the time of ancient Greece. In particular this paper aims to evidence and reconstruct the main anatomical and physiological knowledge of the heart at that time. Indeed, a historical-linguistic analysis of the Greek text prompts some reflections and thoughts on the heartbeat in pathological conditions and on the function of the heart as a hematopoietic organ. Furthermore, Homer's account is a critical text that highlights the relevance of the use of the senses in the ancient description of nosological pictures and it allows us an interesting and suggestive approach to reconstruction from the historical and historiographical point of view.

Psychological experiments on student self-government: The early impact of Wilhelm Mann's work in Chile and the German Empire.

One of the most important successes in the history of psychology in Chile was the foundation in 1908 of the first experimental psychology laboratory in Santiago by the German psychologist Wilhelm Mann (1974-1943). Four years later, Mann give a shift to his classical experimental psychology research to intervene in the discussions about German School Reform (1900-1920). Mann used Chile as a "testing ground" for explore the viability of student self-government published in three papers. The method used to verify the early impact of Mann's papers was the quantitative analysis of citations with Publish or Perish software using a Google Books database and Scripta Paedagogica. The reception of Mann's texts was analyzed using the context of citation and the functions and use of those citations. The three unknow Mann's papers about Student Self-Government published in 1913 and his citations. The results shows that Mann's critics and recommendations published in one of his papers was the fourth more citated in a database of 16 foundational German works of to self-student government. Finally, this Mann's article was cited and used in an ideological way to argue in favor of reactionary and conservative opinions of school democratization in German Empire teacher circles. Mann's diagnosis and critical suggestions was recognized by prominent German philosophers and pedagogues. Precisely Mann criticized the Student Republics as the only way to stimulate the student self-government for their artificial character and especially for the loss of students' psychological individuality. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).

Cut Guts: "Eight Bites" and Loving Fat.

In this essay, I outline the colonial origins of the prevailing beliefs and attitudes towards fatness and current justifications for marginalizing fat bodies. I argue that, because the lineages of anti-fatness are beholden to the violence of colonialism and anti-Blackness, any theorization of fat that relies upon the pathological concept of "obesity" reinforces the imaginative purchase this history continues to exert within literary treatments of fat. As a remedy to this, I argue that Carmen Maria Machado's short story "Eight Bites" provides an alternate interpretive framework that invests in the capacity of a fat belly to nourish and even mother bodies as the organ that cares for those bodies the most. By framing weight-loss surgery as a loss to be mourned, Machado challenges the ongoing "duress" caused by anti-fatness and contends that fat can be generative and even reparative, rather than a perpetual signifier of illness and premature death.

On Caring through Sharing and Reading When Seeing: Attending to Formal Potentialities of Illness Narratives.

What are the formal potentialities of illness narratives across media and writerly modes? And how can a formalist reading within this genre contribute to an understanding of particularly stigmatized illnesses and conditions? This essay considers Julia Lederer's and Carolyn Lazard's semi-autobiographical works on anorexia nervosa and chronic illness, respectively, and approaches them through the lens of Caroline Levine's new formalist method, which fuses the literary (or artistic more broadly) with the social and political. It concludes that Lederer's and Lazard's imagination and creation of other, alternative worlds-worlds of illness and disability-provide critical insights into the meanings of illness, health, and well-being, and their political implications. In so doing, they also probe at and question the role of medicine in discursive constructions of illness and disability.

(Un)triggering Anorexia: A Cognitive Literary Analysis of Lia "the Liar" in Wintergirls (2009).

The importance of authorial intention has been debated extensively in literary studies. In cognitive literary studies, however, the effects books provoke in readers are of greater relevance. With an unreliable intradiegetic narrator, ambivalent about her denial of hunger, Wintergirls (2009), a US YA anorexia novel, embodies the spiraling network of lies that feeds this condition. This essay takes Wintergirls as a starting point to discuss the therapeutic or harmful effects of literature, over and above the intentions of the writer. Adopting a cognitive literary perspective, this essay proposes the concept of an "unreliable reader," and uses that concept to demonstrate that the novel has a self-triggering potential to reinforce anorexia. This is an unusual approach, inasmuch as it runs counter to previous positive literary criticism of Wintergirls, but it is a perspective in urgent need of reconsideration for the sake of disordered readers.

The Diaries of Besieged Leningraders (1941-1944): Representations of a Mass Famine during World War II.

During the siege of Leningrad by the Nazis and their allies between 1941 and 1944 (one of the most deadliest events of World War II), famine caused hundreds of thousands of deaths among the civilian population. How did people react to malnourishment and its impact on the body and mind? The diaries kept by hundreds of ordinary men and women provide an insight into the intimate perception of the famine as these events were unfolding. While the extent of food deprivation is heavily downplayed (even concealed) in Soviet propaganda, it is absolutely central in the diaries. At the crossroads of history and literature, this article examines the challenges of addressing the experience of hunger: the search for resources (linguistic, literary, historical), the attempts at verbalization, and the limits of language. Ultimately, the diarists furnish us with an invaluable testimony of unmitigated malnourishment, giving us the unique opportunity to it see through the eyes of the starving.

"Something I Have Created": Breastfeeding and Motherhood Trauma in Thi Bui's The Best We Could Do.

This essay examines the challenge of breastfeeding in Thi Bui's The Best We Could Do: An Illustrated Memoir, specifically how the process of learning to feed, significant in both her own and her mother's traumatic entrances into motherhood, enables Bui to face the "terrifying thought" that, upon giving birth, "FAMILY is now something [she has] created." By situating her narrative in the context of feeding her son, Bui amplifies the associations between the act of providing nourishment and the matrilineal responsibility of satiating a hunger for familial connection. In illustrating this association, Bui depicts the nuanced layers of breastfeeding difficulty and failure, especially for women mothering in the context of generational trauma. Within a biomedical context, Bui's narrative illustrates how breastfeeding difficulties, and their emotional toll, may be reminiscent of diasporic losses of cultural and familial connection, prompting practitioners to consider more broadly the roots of their patients' breastfeeding anxieties.