Introducing the Library of Guidance for Health Scientists (LIGHTS): A Living Database for Methods Guidance.

Importance: Improving methodological quality is a priority in the health research community. Finding appropriate methods guidance can be challenging due to heterogeneous terminology, poor indexing in medical databases, and variation in formats. The Library of Guidance for Health Scientists (LIGHTS) is a new searchable database for methods guidance articles. Observations: Journal articles that aim to provide guidance for performing (including planning, design, conduct, analysis, and interpretation), reporting, and assessing the quality of health-related research involving humans or human populations (ie, excluding basic and animal research) are eligible for LIGHTS. A team of health researchers, information specialists, and methodologists continuously identifies and manually indexes eligible guidance documents. The search strategy includes focused searches of specific journals, specialized databases, and suggestions from researchers. A current limitation is that a keyword-based search of MEDLINE (and other general databases) and manual screening of records were not feasible because of the large number of hits (n = 915 523). As of September 20, 2022, LIGHTS included 1246 articles (336 reporting guidelines, 80 quality assessment tools, and 830 other methods guidance articles). The LIGHTS website provides a user-oriented search interface including filters for study type, specific methodological topic, research context, guidance type, and development process of the guidance. Automated matching of alternative methodological expressions (eg, enter loss to follow-up and find articles indexed with missing data) enhances search queries. Conclusions and Relevance: LIGHTS is a peer-supported initiative that is intended to increase access to and use of methods guidance relevant to health researchers, statisticians, methods consultants, methods developers, ethics boards, peer reviewers, journal editors, and funding bodies.

Hallazgos histopatológicos pulmonares asociados a COVID-19. Una revisión sistemática y meta-análisis / Histopathological findings in lungs of COVID-19 infected subjects. A systematic review and meta-analysis

El COVID-19 es una nueva enfermedad que requería resultados prontos provenientes de la investigación. Un abordaje para la comprensión de su fisiopatología es conocer el daño a nivel histopatológico que genera en los pulmones de los afectados. Objetivo. Proveer un resumen riguroso de la evidencia disponible sobre los hallazgos histopatológicos pulmonares en pacientes con COVID-19. Se desarrolló una revisión sistemática con metaanálisis de proporciones. Se incluyeron estudios primarios de cualquier diseño que tuvieran datos primarios de hallazgos histopatológicos de pulmones en pacientes COVID-19. Se excluyeron revisiones y guías. Las fuentes de información fueron el repositorio centralizado Living OVerview of Evidence, PubMed/Medline, LitCovid, la base de datos COVID-19 de la Organización Mundial de la Salud, y medRxiv hasta el 3 de abril 2021. La evaluación del riesgo de sesgos se realizó utilizando las herramientas del Instituto Joanna Briggs para series de casos y reportes de casos. Se extrajo cada dato de hallazgo pulmonar histopatológico. Se calcularon las frecuencias encontradas y los datos de los hallazgos más frecuentes fueron resumidas en metaanálisis usando el método de efectos aleatorios de Der Simmonian-Liard. Se midió la heterogeneidad. Los criterios de inclusión fueron cumplidos por 69 artículos sumando 594 sujetos. Presentaron bajo riesgo de sesgos 35 artículos. El metaanálisis de proporciones mostro daño alveolar difuso en 0,62 (IC 95 % 0,51-0,72), I2 59 % (p < 0,01), en su fase temprana (85,14 %). Conclusión. El daño alveolar difuso temprano fue el hallazgo histopatológico más frecuente en muestras pulmonares de pacientes con COVID-19

COVID-19 is a new disease that required prompt results from research. An approach to understanding its pathophysiology is to know the damage at the histopathological level that it generates in the lungs of those affected. Aim. To provide a rigorous summary of the available evidence on pulmonary histopathological findings in patients with COVID-19. A systematic review with meta-analysis of proportions was developed. Primary studies of any design that had primary data on lung histopathology findings in COVID-19 patients were included. Reviews and guidelines were excluded. The sources of information were the Living OVerview of Evidence centralized repository, PubMed/Medline, LitCovid, the World Health Organization COVID-19 database, and medRxiv up to April 3, 2021. The risk of bias assessment was performed using the Joanna Briggs Institute tools for case series and case reports. Each histopathological pulmonary finding data was extracted. The frequencies found were calculated and the data of the most frequent findings were summarized in meta-analyses using the Der Simmonian-Liard random effects method. Heterogeneity was measured. The inclusion criteria were met by 69 articles totaling 594 subjects. Thirty-five articles presented low risk of bias. The meta-analysis of proportions showed diffuse alveolar damage in 0.62 (95% CI 0.51-0.72), I2 59% (p < 0.01), in its early phase (85.14%). Conclution. Early diffuse alveolar damage was the most frequent histopathological finding in lung samples from patients with COVID-19

Wear of dental ceramics / Desgaste das cerâmicas odontológicas

Com base no desenvolvimento da odontologia adesiva, restaurações minimamente invasivas em cerâmica são utilizadas como alternativas para restaurar um dente. As cerâmicas odontológicas são amplamente aplicadas na área odontológica principalmente devido à sua estética e resistência mecânica. Uma das propriedades da cerâmica a ser bem conhecida antes de seu uso, é a resistência ao desgaste que deve ser compatível com o comportamento de desgaste do antagonista para evitar desempenhos indesejados. Portanto, vários métodos têm sido realizados para avaliar o comportamento do desgaste dos materiais cerâmicos considerando diferentes condições presentes no complexo meio oral. Este estudo teve como objetivo compilar os métodos utilizados para investigar o desgaste das cerâmicas odontológicas e descrever os mecanismos de desgaste envolvidos nos mesmos. A obtenção e análise de dados também é abordada para discutir os resultados obtidos a partir de diferentes métodos, bem como a análise clínica do desgaste e perspectivas futuras sobre esse tema. Em conclusão, muitas metodologias estão disponíveis para medir o desgaste cerâmico. Portanto, os métodos devem ser selecionados com base na relevência clínica de cada estudo e devem seguir parâmetros previamente relatados para padronização, permitindo a comparação da literatura (AU)

Based on the development of adhesive dentistry, minimally invasive restorations in ceramics are used as alternatives to restore a tooth. Dental ceramics are largely applied in the dentistry field mainly due to their esthetic and mechanical strength. One of the ceramic properties to be well known before its use is the wear resistance that should be compatible with the antagonist wear behavior to avoid unwanted performance. Therefore, several methods have been performed to assess the ceramic materials wear behavior considering different conditions present in the complex oral medium. This study aimed to compile the methods used to investigate dental ceramics wear and to describe the wear mechanisms involved on them. Obtaining and analyzing data is also addressed to discuss the results obtained from different methods, as well as the clinical analysis of wear and future perspectives on this topic. In conclusion, many methodologies are available to measure the ceramic wear. Therefore, the methods must be selected based on the clinical significance of each study and should follow previously reported parameters for standardization, allowing literature comparison. (AU)

Caracterização de podcasts brasileiros na área da fonoaudiologia / Characterization of Brazilian podcasts in the field of speech-language pathology / Caracterización de podcasts brasileños en el campo de la fonoaudiología

O objetivo do estudo apresentado neste artigo é caracterizar o uso dos podcasts na área de fonoaudiologia no Brasil. Realizou-se uma busca, em março de 2022, nas plataformas de streaming Spotify, GooglePodcasts, Castbox e Deezer, por meio do uso dos termos livres 'Fonoaudiologia' e 'Fono'. Foram incluídos podcastscom a temática da fonoaudiologia, apresentados por fonoaudiólogos e/ou estudantes dessa área. Foram excluídos os de episódio único e incluídos 34 podcasts neste estudo. Destes, os resultados revelaram que 88,23% iniciaram suas atividades durante o período pandêmico. No entanto, somente 26,47% divulgaram episódios até 19 de março de 2022. Além disso, 32,35% possuem menos de cinco episódios. Observou-se que 23,53% estavam vinculados a instituições de ensino superior. A maioria tem enfoque na área da voz e adota o formato de entrevista. Concluiu-se que houve uma quantidade expressiva de estreias de podcasts da área da fonoaudiologia a partir de 2020, e que, porém, a maioria deles foi descontinuada pouco tempo depois.

The study presented in this article aims to characterize the use of podcasts in the speech-language patholo-gy f ield in Brazil. A search was carried out in March 2022 on the streaming platforms Spotify, GooglePod-casts, Castbox and Deezer, using the free terms 'Fonoaudiologia' and 'Fono'. Podcasts with the theme of speech-language pathology, presented by speech-language pathologists and/or speech-language pathology students, were included. The podcasts presenting a single episode were excluded and 34 podcasts were included in this study. The results revealed that 88.23% of them started their activities during the pandemic period. However, only 26.47% were disclosed until March 19, 2022. In addition, 32.35% have less than f ive episodes. It was observed that 23.53% were linked to higher education institutions. Most of them focus on the voice area and adopt the interview format. We had concluded that a signif icant number of podcasts in the speech-language pathology f ield emerged from 2020. Nevertheless, most of them was discontinued shortly afterwards.

El objetivo del estudio presentado en este artículo es caracterizar el uso de podcasts en el campo de la fonoaudiología en Brasil. Se realizó una búsqueda en marzo de 2022 en las plataformas de streaming Spotify, GooglePodcasts, Castbox y Deezer, utilizando los términos libres 'Fonoaudiologia' y 'Fono'. Se incluyeron podcasts con el tema de fonoaudiología, presentados por fonoaudiólogos y/o estudiantes de fonoaudiología. Se excluyeron los podcasts que presentaran solo un episodio y 34 fueron incluidos en este estudio. Los resultados mostraron que 88,23% iniciaron sus actividades durante el período de pandemia. Sin embargo, solo 26,47% divulgaron episodios hasta 19 de marzo de 2022. Además, 32,35% tienen menos de cinco episodios. Se observó que 23,53% estaban vinculados a instituciones de educación superior. La mayoría enfoca el área de la voz y adopta el formato de entrevista. Concluimos que hubo una gran cantidad de estrenos de podcasts del área de fonoaudiología a partir de 2020, pero que en su mayoría ellos han sido interrumpidos poco después

Documento técnico: Manual de procedimientos para el diagnóstico bacteriológico de la tuberculosis mediante cultivos / Technical document: Manual of procedures for the bacteriological diagnosis of tuberculosis through cultures

El documento contiene las directrices para estandarizar y proporcionar al personal de laboratorio los procedimientos técnicos del cultivo para el diagnóstico de la tuberculosis

Attitudes of dental students towards paediatric dental behaviour guidance

Aim: To compare the pre-clinical and clinical students` perceptions about the non-pharmacological behaviour management techniques in paediatric dentistry and to investigate the influence of the dental curriculum on the students` knowledge regarding this issue. Methods: A total of 283 students from the IV-and X-semester completed a questionnaire, consisted of 12 statements, describing the nonpharmacological behaviour management techniques for the treatment of paediatric dental patients. The acceptability rate was evaluated with a Likert scale ranging from 1 to 5. Results: The students from all courses demonstrated high acceptance for Reinforcement and Desensitization techniques and low for the Negative reinforcement and Physical restraint. The comparison between the perceptions of the pre-clinical and clinical students demonstrated a statistically significant increase in the acceptance of the physical restraint, along with Nonverbal communication, Modelling and Parental presence/absence (p<0.05). Conclusion: The results provide information about the students' knowledge and skills in behaviour management techniques together with some insights about how the educational process can modify the students` perceptions and views in dealing with paediatric dental patients

Effect of Cissus quadrangularis on Fracture Healing in Laboratory Animal / Efeito do Cissus quadrangularis na cicatrização de fraturas em animais de laboratório

Objectives: The present study was designed to examine the efficacy of Cissus quadrangularis paste on fracture healing in artificially induced fractured rabbits. Methods: Fifteen rabbits were separated into three groups namely A, B, and C. Veldt grape paste was applied in groups B and C (Treatment Group) by close reduction and open reduction methods of fracture management; respectively, while group A was kept as control. The blood parameter and fracture healing properties in all animals have been monitored and examined routinely during the study period. Results: Both treated groups revealed lower serum calcium levels (SCL) than the control group after 24 hours of fracture that became within the normal range on the 14th day. Fracture healing in the treated groups has been commenced more rapidly than the control group with complete bridging of discontinuity by a distinct osseous callus in the fracture line on day 7 and complete effacing of fracture line on day 14. Conclusion: We did not find any type of anomalousness, clinical deviations, and alteration of serum calcium level on the 14th day of the fracture in treated animals hence Veldt Grape paste could be readily applicable to the management of the fracture in animals.

Objetivos: avaliar a eficácia da pasta de Cissus quadrangularis na consolidação de fraturas em coelhos fraturados artificialmente. Metodos: quinze coelhos foram separados em três grupos (A, B e C). A pasta foi aplicada nos grupos B e C (Grupo de Tratamento) pelos métodos de redução fechada e redução aberta de gerenciamento de fraturas; respectivamente. O grupo A foi mantido como controle. O parâmetro sanguíneo e as propriedades de cicatrização de fraturas em todos os animais foram monitorados e examinados, rotineiramente, durante o período do estudo. Resultados: ambos os grupos tratados revelaram níveis séricos de cálcio (SCL) mais baixos do que o grupo controle, após 24 horas de fratura que se tornou normal no 14º dia. A cicatrização da fratura nos grupos tratados foi iniciada mais rapidamente do que o grupo controle, com ponte completa de descontinuidade por um calo ósseo distinto na linha de fratura no dia 7 e apagamento completo da linha de fratura no dia 14. Conclusao: não encontramos nenhum tipo de anomalia, desvios clínicos e alteração do nível sérico de cálcio no 14º dia da fratura nos animais tratados, portanto, a pasta Veldt Grape pode ser aplicável ao manejo da fratura em animais.

Complications of herpes zoster hospitalizations in a reference hospital in Fortaleza-Ceará, 2009-2018 / Complicações de internações por herpes zoster em um hospital de referência em Fortaleza-Ceará, 2009-2018

Objective: the aim of this study was to relate sociodemographic, epidemiological and clinical conditions to the occurrence of severe cases of HZ in reference hospital of Fortaleza. Methods: this is a cross-sectional analytical study, based on medical records of patients admitted from 2009 to 2018. Pearson's x2 test or Fisher's exact test were used when appropriate. Results: we analyzed 196 medical records. The presence of complications occurred in 69.9%, the most affected region was the cranial (68.9%), and 1.5% died. The presence of vesicles (PR=1.37; 95%CI: 1.03-1.82; p=0.01) and the choice of antibiotic associated antiviral therapy (PR=0.58; 95%CI: 0.46-0.73; p=0.00) were significantly associated with the severity. Conclusions: the disease may be more severe at ages over 50. The presence of lesions in vesicles was associated with a higher prevalence of complications and the use of antibiotics and antivirals as a protective factor.

Objetivo: relacionar condições sociodemográficas, epidemiológicas e clínicas à ocorrência de casos graves de HZ em hospital de referência de Fortaleza. Métodos: trata-se de um estudo analítico transversal, baseado em prontuários de pacientes internados de 2009 a 2018. Foram utilizados o teste x2 de Pearson ou o teste exato de Fisher, quando apropriado. Resultados: foram analisados 196 prontuários. A presença de complicações ocorreu em 69,9%, a região mais acometida foi a craniana (68,9%), e 1,5% foi a óbito. A presença de vesículas (RP=1,37; IC95%: 1,03-1,82; p=0,01) e a escolha da terapia antiviral associada a antibióticos (RP=0,58; IC95%: 0,46-0,73; p=0,00) foram significativamente associadas com a gravidade. Conclusões: a doença pode ser mais grave a partir dos 50 anos. A presença de lesões em vesículas foi associada à maior prevalência de complicações e o uso de antibióticos e antivirais como fator de proteção.

Norma Técnica de Salud para la Vigilancia Epidemiológica de la Enfermedad Diarreica Aguda (EDA) en el Perú. NTS N° 190-MINSA/CDC-2022 / Technical Health Standard for Epidemiological Surveillance of Acute Diarrheal Disease (EDA) in Peru. NTS No. 190-MINSA/CDC-2022

La norma técnica de salud contiene los proceso, metodología e instrumentos para la vigilancia epidemiológica de las Enfermedades Diarreicas Agudas (EDA) en el país.

Documento Técnico: Manual de Procedimientos de la Baciloscopia para el Diagnóstico Bacterológico de la Tuberculosis / Technical Document: Manual of Bacilloscopy Procedures for the Bacterological Diagnosis of Tuberculosis

El documento proporciona al personal de laboratorio los procedimientos estandarizados técnicos de la baciloscopia para el diagnóstico bacteriológico de la TB

Determinación de Helicobacter spp. en mucosa gástrica glandular de muías a través de la prueba de la actividad de la ureasa e histopatología / Determination of Helicobacter spp. in glandular gastric mucosa of mules through the test of urease activity and histopathology

RESUMEN La información sobre la presentación y los factores predisponentes del síndrome de úlcera gástrica en mulas (SUGM) es escasa en comparación con el síndrome de úlcera gástrica en equinos (SUGE) y asnales. Debido a la naturaleza multifactorial de este síndrome, la helicobacteriosis ha sido estudiada en otras especies. El objetivo de este trabajo fue establecer la presencia de Helicobacter spp. en mucosa gástrica de mulas a través de la prueba rápida de la ureasa (PRU) y de análisis histopatológico. Menos del 27% de las muestras reaccionaron a la PRU, con tiempos prolongados de reacción, y al Agar Urea (prueba de oro), con menor porcentaje de positividad. La histopatología reveló procesos inflamatorios crónicos, sin presencia de bacterias curvoespiraladas. Las PRU no fueron conclusivas en la determinación de Helicobacter spp., comportamiento similar reportado en equinos. Se requieren exámenes diagnósticos más específicos y procedimientos complementarios orientados a explorar por regiones del estómago en la consideración del número de muestras representativas.

ABSTRACT Information on the presentation and predisposing factors of Mule Gastric Ulcer Syndrome (MGUS) is scarce, compared to Equine Gastric Ulcer Syndrome (EGUS) and donkeys. Within the multifactorial nature of this syndrome, helicobacteriosis has been studied in other species. The objective of this work was to establish the presence of Helicobacter spp. in gastric mucosa of mules, through the rapid urease test (RUT) and histopathological analysis. Less than 27% of the samples reacted to RUTs, with prolonged reaction times, and Urea Agar (gold test), with a lower percentage of positivity. Histopathology revealed chronic inflammatory processes, without the presence of curved-spiral bacteria. The RUTs were not conclusive in the determination of Helicobacter spp., a similar behavior reported in horses. More specific diagnostic tests and complementary procedures are required to explore the regions of the stomach in consideration of the number of representative samples.

Saberes e práticas de cuidado em saúde sobre a covid-19: uma análise baseada em interações de pessoas em comunidade virtual / Knowledge and health care practices of covid-19: an analysis based on interactions of people in a virtual community / Conocimientos y prácticas de atención a la salud de la covid-19: un análisis a partir deinteracciones de personas en una comunidad virtual

Este artigo analisa os saberes e práticas do cuidado em saúde relacionados à covid-19, a partir da observação participante de pessoas que trocam experiências e interagem sobre o tema no grupo da rede social Facebook, no Brasil, 'Eu já tive Covid-19'. A comunidade virtual, com 16,5 mil membros, gerou 397 postagens no período de 8 de março a 18 de abril de 2021. As postagens foram categorizadas e tiveram seus níveis de engajamento calculados com base no número de interações. Experiências em casos de covid-19, dúvidas e questionamentos dos usuários participantes representaram 74% das postagens. Os comentários com mensagens de acolhimento aproximaram as pessoas, fortalecendo seus laços sociais. Foram identificados discursos que contrariavam o saber científico, sendo uma a cada 25 postagens definida como fake news. Temas como automedicação, xarope caseiro, 'kit covid' e tratamento precoce foram destaque dentre os conteúdos e evidenciam o grau de desinformação dos participantes a respeito da covid-19.

This article analyzes the knowledge and practices of health care related to covid-19, based on the participant observation of people who exchange experiences and interact on the topic in the social network Facebook group, in Brazil, 'I already had Covid-19'. The virtual community, with 16,500 members, generated 397 posts, in the period from March 8 to April 18, 2021. They were categorized and had their engagement levels calculated based on the number of interactions. Experiences in cases of covid-19, doubts and questions from participating users represented 74% of posts. The comments with welcoming messages brought these people closer, strengthening their social ties. Speeches that contradicted scientific knowledge were identified, with one in 25 posts classified as fake news. Topics such as self-medication, homemade syrup, 'covid kit' and early treatment were highlighted among these contents and show the degree of disinformation of the participants about covid-19.

Este artículo analiza los conocimientos y prácticas de atención a la salud relacionados con el covid-19, a partir de la observación participante de personas que intercambian experiencias e interactúan sobre el tema en el grupo de la red social Facebook, en Brasil, 'Eu ya tuvo Covid-19'. La comunidad virtual, con 16.500 miembros, generó 397 publicaciones, en el período del 8 de marzo al 18 de abril de 2021. Se categorizaron y se calcularon los niveles de participación en función del número de interacciones. Experiencias en casos de covid-19, dudas y preguntas de los usuarios participantes representaron el 74% de las publicaciones. Los comentarios con mensajes de bienvenida acercaron a estas personas, fortaleciendo sus lazos sociales. Se identificaron discursos que contradecían el conocimiento científico, con una fake news cada 25 publicaciones. En estos contenidos se destacaron temas como la automedicación, el jarabe casero, el 'kit covid' y el tratamiento temprano, evidenciando el grado de desinformación de los participantes sobre el covid-19.

Parte 1 - Acceso y Uso de la Información Científica en Salud: en la práctica

Conocer y aplicar modelos de acrónimo específicas para definir la pregunta de investigación Tipos de estudios clínicos Funciones de búsqueda y navegación, Localización de descriptores (DeCS/MeSH) Búsqueda

Incidence and characterization of colorectal adenomas in the area of influence of a specialized institution / Incidencia y caracterización de adenomas colorrectales en el área de influencia de una institución especializada

Abstract Aim: To locate and characterize colorectal adenomas endoscopically and histologically in a cohort of patients undergoing colonoscopy in Medellín, Colombia. Materials and methods: Descriptive cross-sectional study. We included patients older than 18 years who underwent colonoscopy between February and July 2020 at a specialized center in Medellín, Colombia. We determined the incidence of adenomas, their location in different segments of the colon, their endoscopic and histological characteristics, and cases of colorectal cancer (CRC) and high-grade dysplasia (HGD). Results: 992 colonoscopies were performed, finding colorectal polyps in 266 patients, of which 208 had adenomas. We resected 461 polyps, of which 336 were adenomas (72 %). The histological type with the highest representation was tubular (78 %). The location of adenomas was 37 % in the right colon, 25 % in the transverse colon, and 38 % in the left colon. CRC cases were nine per 1,000 patients, including advanced carcinoma and carcinoma in situ (HGD). Conclusions: Given the incidence of adenomas in the right and transverse colon, rectosigmoidoscopy is discouraged as a screening study for CRC. Tubular adenomas, sessile in appearance and tiny, predominated in the population studied. We recommend screening in the population over 40 years of age and the search for precursor lesions as strategies to reduce morbidity and mortality rates due to CRC.

Resumen Objetivo: localización y caracterización endoscópica e histológica de los adenomas colorrectales en una cohorte de pacientes sometidos a colonoscopia en Medellín, Colombia. Materiales y métodos: estudio descriptivo de corte transversal. Se incluyeron pacientes mayores de 18 años sometidos a colonoscopia entre febrero y julio de 2020 en un centro especializado de Medellín, Colombia. Se determinó la incidencia de adenomas, su localización en los diferentes segmentos del colon, sus características endoscópicas e histológicas, así como también los casos de cáncer colorrectal (CCR) y displasia de alto grado. Resultados: se realizaron 992 colonoscopias y se encontraron pólipos colorrectales en 266 pacientes, de los cuales 208 tenían adenomas. En total se resecaron 461 pólipos, de los cuales 336 fueron adenomas (72 %). El tipo histológico con mayor representación fue el tubular (78 %). La localización de adenomas fue del 37 % en el colon derecho, 25 % en el transverso y 38 % en el colon izquierdo. La cantidad de casos de CCR fue de 9 por 1000 pacientes, que incluyen carcinoma avanzado y carcinoma in situ (DAG). Conclusiones: dada la incidencia de adenomas en el colon derecho y transverso, no se recomienda la rectosigmoidoscopia como estudio de tamizaje para CCR. En la población estudiada fueron predominantes los adenomas tubulares, de aspecto sésil y tamaño diminuto. Se recomienda el tamizaje en la población mayor de 40 años y la búsqueda de lesiones precursoras como estrategias para disminuir las tasas de morbimortalidad por CCR.

Prática clínica e barreiras relacionadas à mobilização precoce em unidade de terapia intensiva / Clinical practice and barriers related to early mobilization in intensive care unit

Objetivo: caracterizar a prática clínica e identificar as barreiras relacionadas à mobilização precoce em uma Unidade de Terapia Intensiva. Método: estudo observacional analítico e prospectivo que incluiu pacientes em ventilação mecânica por mais de 24 horas. Foram coletados diariamente dados clínicos, critérios de segurança, barreiras e atividades realizadas nos atendimentos de fisioterapia. Posteriormente a amostra foi dividida de acordo com a realização de sedestação à beira do leito. Utilizou-se teste T para comparação entre grupos e para associação teste Qui-quadrado ou Exato de Fischer quando necessário. Resultados: participaram 54 indivíduos com média de idade 51,33±14,85 anos e SAPSIII médio de 63,47±13,37 pontos. A mobilização foi realizada em 1356 sessões, em sua maioria atividades passivas. Nenhuma atividade fora do leito foi realizada com pacientes em ventilação mecânica. As principais barreiras foram sedação, nível de consciência e procedimentos médicos. A não sedestação à beira do leito foi associada à ausência de critérios de segurança, que impediram a mobilização, e ocorrência de óbito. Conclusão: A mobilização foi realizada na maioria das sessões, porém poucas atividades foram realizadas fora do leito. Durante o período de ventilação mecânica nenhuma atividade foi realizada fora do leito. As barreiras mais citadas foram sedação, nível de consciência e procedimentos médicos.

Purpose: characterize the clinical practice and identify barriers related to early mobilization in an Intensive Care Unit. Method: analytical and prospective observational study that included patients on mechanical ventilation for more than 24 hours. Clinical data, safety criteria, barriers and activities performed in physical therapy consultations were collected on a daily basis. Subsequently, the sample was divided according to the performance of the patient sitting at the bedside. The T-test was used for comparison between groups and the Chi-square test or Fisher's exact test were used when necessary. Results: a total of 54 individuals participated, with a mean age of 51.33±14.85 years and mean SAPSIII of 63.47±13.37 points. Mobilization was performed in 1356 sessions, mostly passive activities. No out-of-bed activities were performed with patients on mechanical ventilation. The main barriers were sedation, level of consciousness, and medical procedures. Failure to sit at the bedside was associated with the absence of safety criteria, which prevented mobilization, and the occurrence of death. Conclusion: Mobilization was performed in most sessions, but few activities were performed outside the bed. During the period of mechanical ventilation, no activity was performed outside the bed. The barriers most frequently mentioned were sedation, level of consciousness, and medical procedures.

Manual de procesos y procedimientos quirúrgicos seguros / Manual of safe surgical processes and procedures

El presente manual de procesos y procedimientos, documenta las principales actividades de atención integral en procedimientos quirúrgicos seguros, como parte del proceso de atención en salud integral e integrada a la persona en el curso de vida con enfoque de atención primaria en salud, describe el sistema de operación de los establecimientos de salud, mediante el enfoque por procesos, fomentando el desarrollo organizacional y el mejoramiento continuo para el cumplimiento de la misión institucional. Establece las bases para la ejecución de los procesos y procedimientos, unificando criterios de contenido que permite la sistematización de las actividades y la definición de la metodología para efectuarlas

This manual of processes and procedures documents the main activities of comprehensive care in safe surgical procedures, as part of the process of comprehensive and integrated health care to the person in the course of life with a focus on primary health care, describes the system of operation of health establishments, through a process approach, promoting organizational development and continuous improvement for the fulfillment of the institutional mission. Establishes the bases for the execution of processes and procedures, unifying content criteria that allows the systematization of activities and the definition of the methodology to carry them out

Alabaos and Currulaos: Resignification of Afro-Pacific Cultural and Identity Practices in the Framework of the Armed Conflict / Alabaos y currulaos: resignificación de prácticas identitarias y culturales afropacíficas en el marco del conflicto armado

RESUMEN Este artículo presenta una revisión crítica en torno a la resignificación de dos prácticas culturales, identitarias y literarias, alabaos y currulaos, rostros de la palabra cantada, en el contexto del conflicto armado que ha afectado desproporcionalmente a las comunidades afrocolombianas. Método: La investigación sigue la perspectiva de lo que nombro la hermenéutica del retorno, une perspectiva interpretativa crítica sobre la presencia histórica de las comunidades afro en perspectiva de la descolonización. En primer lugar, se introduce una discusión respecto al carácter literario de estas dos creaciones afro. Luego se procede a la contextualización de estas prácticas como agencias de la identidad étnico-racial y cultural afro. Después, me adentro en el reconocimiento de los impactos del conflicto armado en los territorios a partir de la lectura y escucha detenida de las líricas, principalmente tres canciones a ritmo de currulao, de la agrupación de chirimía Rancho Aparte, Esteban Copete y su Kinteto, Canalón de Timbiquí y la orquesta Herencia de Timbiquí. Asimismo, se retomarán algunos alabaos del álbum titulado Voces de resistencia, apoyado por la Universidad ICESI y la Fundación Ford, y realizado por las Cantaoras de Pogue. Finalmente, mediante este escrito pretendo visibilizar la capacidad de reinvención de las comunidades para hacer de estas prácticas dispositivos de memoria, proceso de concienciación, denuncia y sanación mental.

ABSTRACT This paper presents a critical review about resignification of two identitarian, literary, and cultural practices, alabaos and currulaos, faces of the sung word, in the framework of the armed conflict that has disproportionally impacted Afro-Colombian communities. Method: the research follows the perspective of what I call the hermeneutics of return, a critical interpretive perspective on the historical presence of Afro communities in the perspective of decolonization. First, it introduces a discussion regarding the literary character of these Afro-Colombian creations. Then, these cultural practices are contextualized as agencies of Afro ethno-racial and cultural identity. After that, I focus on the recognition of the armed conflict effects in the territories, considering careful reading and listening of some lyrics, particularly three currulao songs of the following groups: Rancho Aparte, Esteban Copete y su Kinteto, Canalón de Timbiquí, and Herencia de Timbiquí. Furthermore, some alabaos from the album Voces de resistencia will be analyzed in terms of the transformations this cultural practice suffered in the middle of the war experiences. This album was interpreted by Las Cantaoras de Pogue and sponsored by ICESI University and the Ford Foundation. In conclusion, Ipretend, through this article, to visualize the reinvention capacity of communities to transform these cultural practices into memory, sensibilizing, denouncing, and mental healing tools.

Guía para la instalación y funcionamiento de salas de lactancia materna en centros de trabajo / Guide for the installation and operation of breastfeeding rooms in workplaces

Proporcionar las disposiciones técnicas para la instalación y funcionamiento de salas de lactancia materna en centros de trabajo, con la finalidad de acompañar, apoyar e informar a las madres para mantener el proceso de lactancia exclusiva y complementaria, contribuyendo así al crecimiento optimo y desarrollo saludable de la niñez salvadoreña

Provide the technical provisions for the installation and operation of breastfeeding rooms in workplaces, in order to accompany, support and inform mothers to maintain the exclusive and complementary breastfeeding process, thus contributing to the optimal growth and healthy development of Salvadoran childhood

Study of variants in the mTOR gene with asthma and therapeutic control in a population of Salvador/BA / Estudo de variantes no gene mTOR com asma e controle terapêutico em uma população de Salvador/BA

Introduction: Asthma is an inflammatory airway disease that is influenced by several factors. An evolutionarily conserved serine/ threonine kinase named mTOR plays a key role in the integration of environmental signals in the form of growth factors, amino acids, and energy. In the immune system, mTOR is a critical regulator. The mTOR pathway exerts central control over processes in the immune response and in T-cell proliferation, multiplication, and differentiation. Variations in the gene responsible for mTOR complexes have been associated with different critical levels of cytokines, increased likelihood of developing asthma, and increased prevalence of atopy. Objective and method: This study aimed to investigate the association of mTOR gene variants with asthma, asthma severity, and atopy, as well as to perform a cytokine analysis. Result and conclusion: The findings reinforce the importance of mTOR gene variants in the development of asthma.

Introdução: A asma é uma doença inflamatória das vias aéreas, com diversos fatores influenciando essa condição inflamatória. A mTOR, uma serina/treonina quinase evolutivamente conservada, desempenha um papel central na integração de sinais ambientais na forma de fatores de crescimento, aminoácidos e energia. No sistema imunológico, a mTOR se apresenta como um regulador crítico. A via mTOR se destaca pelo controle central na resposta do sistema imunológico, bem como na proliferação, multiplição e diferenciação das células T. Variações no gene responsável pelos complexos mTOR têm sido associadas a diferentes níveis críticos de citocinas, aumento da probabilidade de desenvolver asma e aumento da prevalência de atopia. Objetivo e método: O objetivo do presente estudo foi investigar a associação entre as variantes do gene mTOR com asma e sua gravidade, atopia, além da análise de citocinas. Resultado e conclusão: Os achados reafirmam a importância das variantes do gene mTOR no desenvolvimento da asma.