RESUMO
Exposure to loud sound during leisure time is identified as a significant risk factor for hearing by health authorities worldwide. The current standard that defines unsafe exposure rests on the equal-energy hypothesis, according to which the maximum recommended exposure is a tradeoff between level and daily exposure duration, a satisfactory recipe except for strongly non-Gaussian intense sounds such as gunshots. Nowadays, sound broadcast by music and videoconference streaming services makes extensive use of numerical dynamic range compression. By filling in millisecond-long valleys in the signal to prevent competing noise from masking, it pulls sound-level statistics away from a Gaussian distribution, the framework where the equal-energy hypothesis emerged. Auditory effects of a single 4 hour exposure to the same music were compared in two samples of guinea pigs exposed either to its original or overcompressed version played at the same average level of 102 dBA allowed by French regulations. Apart from a temporary shift of otoacoustic emissions at the lowest two frequencies 2 and 3 kHz, music exposure had no detectable cochlear effect, as monitored at 1, 2 and 7 days post-exposure. Conversely, middle-ear muscle strength behaved differentially as the group exposed to original music had fully recovered one day after exposure whereas the group exposed to overcompressed music remained stuck to about 50% of baseline even after 7 days. Subsamples were then re-exposed to the same music as the first time and sacrificed for density measurements of inner-hair-cell synapses. No difference in synaptic density was found compared to unexposed controls with either type of music. The present results show that the same music piece, harmless when played in its original version, induces a protracted deficit of one auditory neural pathway when overcompressed at the same level. The induced disorder does not seem to involve inner-hair cell synapses.
Assuntos
Estimulação Acústica , Música , Ruído , Vigília , Animais , Cobaias , Ruído/efeitos adversos , Fatores de Tempo , Perda Auditiva Provocada por Ruído/fisiopatologia , Perda Auditiva Provocada por Ruído/etiologia , Perda Auditiva Provocada por Ruído/prevenção & controle , Emissões Otoacústicas Espontâneas , Masculino , Cóclea/fisiologia , Audição , Limiar Auditivo , Percepção Auditiva , Feminino , Vias Auditivas/fisiologiaRESUMO
Intensification of swine production can predispose pigs to chronic stress, with adverse effects on the neuroendocrine and immune systems that can lead to health problems, poor welfare, and reduced production performance. Consequently, there is an interest in developing tools to prevent or eliminate chronic stress. Music is widely used as a therapeutic strategy for stress management in humans and may have similar benefits in non-human animals. This study evaluated the effects of a music-based auditory enrichment program in pigs from a multidimensional perspective by assessing psychophysiological responses. Two experimental groups of 20 pigs each were selected for the study: one enriched, exposed to a program of functional veterinary music designed for pigs, and a control group without auditory stimulation. Qualitative behavior assessment (QBA) and skin lesions indicative of agonistic behavior were used to evaluate the psychological determinants underlying the observed behaviors. Physiological assessment included hemograms, with the determination of the neutrophil:lymphocyte ratio and daily measurements of cortisol and salivary alpha-amylase levels. The results demonstrated a positive effect of a music-based auditory program on psychophysiological responses. Therefore, this strategy developed for environmental enrichment may be beneficial in reducing stress and contributing to the welfare and health of pigs under production conditions.
Assuntos
Comportamento Animal , Hidrocortisona , Animais , Suínos , Hidrocortisona/sangue , Hidrocortisona/metabolismo , Comportamento Animal/fisiologia , Bem-Estar do Animal , Estresse Psicológico/terapia , Música/psicologia , Criação de Animais Domésticos/métodos , Masculino , Estimulação Acústica , Feminino , Musicoterapia/métodos , Estresse FisiológicoRESUMO
The aim was to determine changes in clinical parameters, glucose concentration, cortisol and behavior in colony queens in no music conditions compared with exposing to different genres of music. Mixed breed clinically healthy queens (N = 9) were used. Queens were studied under no music conditions (control=CON) and auditory enrichment: Soft Rock (M1), Motown (M2), Pop (M3), Frenchcore (M4) and music that was composed to be species-appropriate for cats (M5). The queens underwent auditory enrichment, including three days of silence (D1-3), five consecutive days of auditory enrichment (D4-8) and three days of silence (D9-11). We recorded clinical parameters, glucose, cortisol and behavior. Data were analyzed with GLIMMIX. Queens showed a significant increase of femoral pulse during exposure to M1, M2 and M4; and respiratory rate during exposure to M1, M2, M3 and M4 compared with CON. There was a significant increase in glucose during exposure to M2 and M5 compared with CON. However, there was a significant decrease in glucose during exposure to M4 compared with CON. There was a significant decrease in cortisol during exposure to M2 and M5 compared with CON. When we evaluated the ethogram, we observed a significant decrease in the percentage of interaction with other cats in M1 and M2 compared with CON. In addition, we found a significant decrease in the purring in M1 and M3 compared with CON. Auditory enrichment can be beneficial in situations that cause discomfort and distress in colony cats, such as in feline hospitalization; however, it should be acknowledged that there are limits to direct extrapolation.
Assuntos
Hidrocortisona , Música , Animais , Gatos/fisiologia , Feminino , Hidrocortisona/sangue , Comportamento Animal/fisiologia , Glicemia/metabolismoRESUMO
Functional diversity-i.e., the diversity of morphophysiological characteristics of species in a biological community-revolutionized ecology in recent decades, shifting the focus of the field from species to ecosystems. While its ecological applications are known, its adaptability to other disciplines, specifically music, is explored here. We retrieved fourteen characteristics of 12,944 songs by the top 100 artists of the 2010s decade on four streaming platforms. Then, we calculated the three main components of functional diversity-richness, evenness, and divergence-to each artist using probabilistic hypervolumes. Furthermore, we investigated to what extent functional diversity and the traits of an artist, its albums and songs has an effect on their popularity across streaming platforms such as Spotify. High functional richness, where an artist's songs differ greatly sonically, correlated with increased listens of up to 244,300,000. This would lead to estimated profit earnings exceeding $1,000,000 per richness gain. Danceable, highly-energetic, melodic, pop, and, notably, melancholic songs, albums, and artists are more listened to than their counterparts in streaming services. We captured how patterns in human song might reflects the social state of human societies in recent years and demonstrate the potential of applying functional diversity concepts and tools across scientific and economic domains, extending its relevance beyond ecology. By demonstrating applications of state-of-the-art functional diversity metrics using music as a case study, we intent to communicate the often-complex concepts of functional diversity using the familiar realm of music, which is an intrinsic trait of human cultures across the globe.
Assuntos
Música , Humanos , BiodiversidadeRESUMO
Most of the literature on the neural bases of human reward and punishment processing has used monetary gains and losses, but less is known about the neurophysiological mechanisms underlying the anticipation and consumption of other types of rewarding stimuli. In the present study, EEG was recorded from 19 participants who completed a modified version of the Monetary Incentive Delay (MID) task. During the task, cues providing information about potential future outcomes were presented to the participants. Then, they had to respond rapidly to a target stimulus to win money or listening to pleasant music, or to avoid losing money or listening to unpleasant music. Results revealed similar responses for monetary and music cues, with increased activity for cues indicating potential gains compared to losses. However, differences emerged in the outcome phase between money and music. Monetary outcomes showed an interaction between the type of the cue and the outcome in the Feedback Related Negativity and Fb-P3 ERPs and increased theta activity increased for negative feedbacks. In contrast, music outcomes showed significant interactions in the Fb-P3 and theta activities. These findings suggest similar neurophysiological mechanisms in processing cues for potential positive or negative outcomes in these two types of stimuli.
Assuntos
Antecipação Psicológica , Eletroencefalografia , Música , Recompensa , Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Eletroencefalografia/métodos , Adulto Jovem , Antecipação Psicológica/fisiologia , Adulto , Sinais (Psicologia) , Potenciais Evocados/fisiologia , Encéfalo/fisiologia , Motivação/fisiologia , Estimulação Acústica/métodosRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: Attention and working memory are key cognitive functions that allow us to select and maintain information in our mind for a short time, being essential for our daily life and, in particular, for learning and academic performance. It has been shown that musical training can improve working memory performance, but it is still unclear if and how the neural mechanisms of working memory and particularly attention are implicated in this process. In this work, we aimed to identify the oscillatory signature of bimodal attention and working memory that contributes to improved working memory in musically trained children. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We recruited children with and without musical training and asked them to complete a bimodal (auditory/visual) attention and working memory task, whereas their brain activity was measured using electroencephalography. Behavioral, time-frequency, and source reconstruction analyses were made. RESULTS: Results showed that, overall, musically trained children performed better on the task than children without musical training. When comparing musically trained children with children without musical training, we found modulations in the alpha band pre-stimuli onset and the beginning of stimuli onset in the frontal and parietal regions. These correlated with correct responses to the attended modality. Moreover, during the end phase of stimuli presentation, we found modulations correlating with correct responses independent of attention condition in the theta and alpha bands, in the left frontal and right parietal regions. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that musically trained children have improved neuronal mechanisms for both attention allocation and memory encoding. Our results can be important for developing interventions for people with attention and working memory difficulties.
Assuntos
Ritmo alfa , Atenção , Memória de Curto Prazo , Música , Ritmo Teta , Humanos , Memória de Curto Prazo/fisiologia , Atenção/fisiologia , Masculino , Feminino , Criança , Ritmo Teta/fisiologia , Ritmo alfa/fisiologia , Percepção Auditiva/fisiologia , Eletroencefalografia , Percepção Visual/fisiologia , Encéfalo/fisiologiaRESUMO
Purpose: The objective of this research was to develop a musical digital game for rehabilitation of upper limb and to verify its usability and user experience with professionals in the field (physical therapists). Materials and Methods: Thirty working professionals were recruited to evaluate the system. The usability was evaluated with the System Usability Scale (SUS) and the user experience was verified with the Game Flow scale. Results: The overall score of the SUS scale was 88.67 (±9.129); this score is interpreted as "Best Imaginable" (86-100). The user experience rating had most of its domains equal or higher than 4, which indicates that all the requirements for a good user experience were present in the game. Conclusions: The Moniz Game proved to be a game with good usability and can be a tool for application in clinical practice regarding motor coordination. However, further studies are needed to evaluate the effect of the Moniz Game on motor coordination in patients with neurological dysfunctions.
Assuntos
Música , Jogos de Vídeo , Humanos , Jogos de Vídeo/psicologia , Jogos de Vídeo/normas , Jogos de Vídeo/estatística & dados numéricos , Adulto , Feminino , Masculino , Música/psicologia , Interface Usuário-Computador , Extremidade Superior/fisiologia , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Destreza Motora/fisiologiaRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to determine the effect of music on menopausal symptoms, sleep quality, and depression levels in menopausal women. METHODS: This randomized controlled study was carried out between August and December 2022. The study sample consisted of 61 menopausal women (intervention: 30 and control: 31). The intervention group listened to music twice a day for 5 weeks, with a total of 70 sessions. The control group received only routine care. Menopause symptoms, depression levels, and sleep quality were evaluated at the beginning and the end of the study using the Menopausal Symptoms Rating Scale, Beck Depression Inventory, and Pittsburg Sleep Quality Index. RESULTS: The post-test Menopausal Symptoms Rating Scale, Beck Depression Inventory, and Pittsburg Sleep Quality Index scores of the menopausal women were found to be lower in the intervention group than in the control group (p=0.011, p=0.001, and p=0.006, respectively). When the pre-test and post-test mean scores were compared, the mean menopausal symptoms and depression levels decreased, and sleep quality increased significantly in the intervention group. No significant difference was observed in the control group. CONCLUSION: This study shows that music may have an effect on reducing the level of menopausal symptoms and depression levels and also increasing the sleep quality of menopausal women.
Assuntos
Música , Humanos , Feminino , Depressão , Qualidade do Sono , Menopausa , Escalas de Graduação PsiquiátricaRESUMO
During the learning process, music can activate important neural areas in the brain, promoting the retention of information and memory formation. However, studies testing music effects on memory had found different improvements, which could be due to the methodological differences across studies. Thus, the purpose of this article was to systematically review the literature and meta-analyze the effects of music on Rattus norvegicus' explicit memory (Maze tests) only in controlled investigations. The seven studies included led to a very homogeneous analysis (I2 = 0%), confirming the consistency of the significant standardized mean difference (SMD) between the memory of animals exposed and not exposed to music (SMD 0.60 (95% CI 0.38; 0.83, p < 0.001)). Exploratory analysis suggests music benefits on memory can be acquired when begun at any age, when tested with the three types of mazes evaluated, with exposure lasting from 8 to 83 days and when the age on test day was either under 30 days or over 30 days. To expand the actual understanding of music effects on memory, future studies should investigate different types of music and animal species, with different sex and health conditions, at different time points.
Assuntos
Música , Humanos , Animais , Ratos , Encéfalo , Memória , Aprendizagem em LabirintoRESUMO
Desde a consolidação de emissoras de rádio e TV no Pará, a mídia local propaga a ideia de uma "música paraense", título utilizado com frequência em uma série de eventos recentemente produzidos dentro e fora do estado. Ao contestar essa singularização, a presente pesquisa apresenta uma análise psicossociológica dos mecanismos que operam na inter-relação entre indústria cultural e formação de massas, utilizando como objeto privilegiado de estudo o espetáculo Terruá Pará. Visando tal intento, além do recurso à revisão bibliográfica, realizou-se uma pesquisa documental sobre parte do material impresso produzido para a terceira edição do festival. Em termos conclusivos, defende-se que o Terruá Pará, embora pautado por um discurso pretensamente racional em prol da valorização da música regional, torna-se dialeticamente promotor de irracionalidades expressas na sugestão de modos de subjetivação específicos que, desconsiderando diversidades, acabam por reduzir o seu público consumidor à qualidade de multidão abstrata
Since the consolidation of radio and TV broadcasters in Pará, local media has propagated the idea of a "Pará music," moniker often used in a series of events produced in and outside the State. By contesting such singularization, this psychosociological analysis unveils the mechanisms that mediate cultural industry and mass formation by analyzing the spectacle Terruá Pará. For this purpose, a bibliographic review was conducted, as well as a documentary research concerning part of the printed material produced for the festival's third edition. In conclusion, although Terruá Pará appears based on an allegedly rational discourse to value regional music, it dialectically promotes irrationalities expressed in specific modes of subjectivation that, disregarding diversity, reduce its consuming public to the quality of abstract crowd
Depuis la consolidation des stations de radio et télévision à l'état du Pará, les médias locaux ont diffusé l'idée d'une «musique paraense¼, expression souvent utilisée dans une série d'événements récemment produits dans cet état autant que dehors. En contestant cette singularisation, cette recherche présente une analyse psychosociologique des mécanismes agissant dans l'interrelation entre l'industrie culturelle et la formation des foules, en prenant comme objet principal d'étude le spectacle Terruá Pará. Dans ce but, outre le recours à l'étude bibliographique, on a mené une recherche documentaire sur une partie du matériel imprimé produit pour la troisième édition du festival. En conclusion, on soutient que Terruá Pará, bien que guidé par un discours prétendument rationnel en faveur de la valorisation de la musique régionale, devient dialectiquement promoteur d'irrationalités exprimées par la suggestion de modes de subjectivation spécifiques qui, en ignorant les diversités, finissent par réduire son public consommateur à une foule abstraite
Desde la consolidación de las estaciones de radio y televisión en Pará, los medios locales han difundido la "musica paraense", título de uso frecuente en eventos producidos dentro y fuera del Estado. Al impugnar esta singularización, esta investigación presenta un análisis psicosociológico de los mecanismos que operan en la interrelación entre la industria cultural y la formación de masas, utilizando como objeto privilegiado de estudio el espectáculo Terruá Pará. Además del uso de la revisión bibliográfica, fue llevada a cabo una investigación documental sobre parte del material producido para la tercera edición del festival. En conclusión, se argumenta que Terruá Pará, aunque guiado por un discurso supuestamente racional a favor de la valorización de la música regional, se convierte dialécticamente en promotor de irracionalidades expresadas en la sugerencia de modos específicos de subjetivación que, sin tener en cuenta las diversidades, reducen su público consumidor a la calidad de multitud abstracta
Assuntos
Características Culturais , Cultura Popular , Música , Narcisismo , Capitalismo , PertencimentoRESUMO
O interesse de B. F. Skinner pela arte pode ser observado em diferentes publicações, com destaque para o livro Walden two (1948). Nele, Skinner considera as produções artísticas fundamentais para o estabelecimento de um ambiente social igualitário e feliz, mencionando, por consequência, uma pluralidade de obras de arte. Dada a relevância teórico-científica do livro, bem como sua diversidade artística, este artigo buscou compreender a arte descrita em Walden two com base nas vertentes artísticas tradicionais do classicismo e do romantismo. Trechos do livro que mencionavam palavras-chave associadas à arte foram compilados em tabelas e analisados de acordo com atributos clássicos e românticos, descritos por textos especializados. Foram identificadas seis principais modalidades artísticas na ficção skinneriana (literatura, teatro, música, artes plásticas, arquitetura e moda), que apresentam similaridades com o racionalismo clássico e o sentimentalismo romântico, bem como outras características que as diferenciam dessas vertentes. Conclui-se, assim, que a arte de Walden two está situada em um pluralismo artístico, que também indica a possibilidade de o comportamentalismo radical ser interpretado como uma filosofia da arte.(AU)
B. F. Skinner's interest in artistic productions can be seen in different publications, with the book Walden two (1948) standing out. In it, Skinner considers the artistic production for establishing an equalitarian and happy social environment, mentioning, thus, an array of artworks. Given the theoretical-scientific relevance of the book, as well as its artistic diversity, this article aimed understand the artworks described in Walden two based on a classic and romantic traditional artistic styles. Excerpts of the book that mentioned keywords related to art were researched and compiled in tables and analyzed according to classical and romantic attributes, described by specialized texts. Six main artistic categories were identified in Skinnerian fiction (literature, theater, music, visual arts, architecture, and fashion), that show similar characteristics to classic rationalism and romantic sentimentalism, as well as other characteristics that differentiate them from these strands. In conclusion, the art on Walden two exists in a state of artistic pluralism, which also highlights the possibility of radical behaviorism being interpreted as a philosophy of art.(AU)
El interés de B. F. Skinner por el arte puede ser observado en diferentes publicaciones, especialmente en el libro Walden two (1948). El autor plantea en esta obra las producciones artísticas fundamentales para el establecimiento de un entorno social igualitario y feliz, mencionando, en consecuencia, una pluralidad de obras de arte. Dada la relevancia teórico-científica del libro, así como su diversidad artística, este artículo busco comprender el arte descrito en Walden two desde las corrientes artísticas tradicionales del clasicismo y el romanticismo. Los extractos del libro que mencionaban palabras clave asociadas con el arte se recopilaron en tablas y se analizaron de acuerdo con los atributos clásicos y románticos descritos por textos especializados. Se identificaron seis modalidades artísticas principales en la ficción skinneriana (literatura, teatro, música, artes plásticas, arquitectura y moda), que presentan similitudes con el racionalismo clásico y el sentimentalismo romántico, así como otras características que las diferencian de estas vertientes. Así, se concluye que el arte de Walden two se sitúa en un pluralismo artístico, lo que destaca la posibilidad de que el conductismo radical sea interpretado como una filosofía del arte.(AU)
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Arte , Romantismo , Análise do Comportamento Aplicada , Literatura , Filologia Românica , Filosofia , Arquitetura , Psicologia , Publicações , Reforço Psicológico , Ciência , Conformidade Social , Meio Social , Planejamento Social , Utopias , Behaviorismo , Livros , Diversidade Cultural , Emoções , Empatia , Estética , Sobrevivência , Ciência nas Artes , Liberdade , Felicidade , MúsicaRESUMO
This study utilized socio-historical methodology to investigate the relationship between cultural production and views on science and technology in the 1980s by analyzing a repertoire of songs released during this period containing apocalyptic themes due to the context of the Cold War and environmental crises. This exploration is based on Koselleck's notions of the horizon of expectations and on Arantes' concept of decreasing expectations. The songs centered around nuclear power and the environment. We observed that these songs from the 1980s represent a shift in national expectations about the future, exhibiting fears related to nuclear and environmental disasters.
Esta pesquisa, com o uso da metodologia sócio-histórica, aborda a relação entre a produção cultural e as visões sobre a ciência e a tecnologia na década de 1980. Analisa um repertório de canções lançadas nesse período que apresentam temática apocalítica por conta do contexto de Guerra Fria e das crises ambientais. A análise se fundamenta nas noções de horizonte de expectativas de Koselleck e nas expectativas decrescentes de Arantes. As canções estão agrupadas na temática nuclear e na temática ambiental. Observa que essas canções da década de 1980 representam uma mudança da expectativa nacional com relação ao futuro, apresentando um temor acerca de desastres nucleares ou ambientais.
Assuntos
Música , Brasil , TecnologiaRESUMO
OBJECTIVES: Endodontic treatment is one of the most fearful procedures among dentistry, and the use of music during the procedure has been evaluated to control patients' anxiety. This systematic review has been conducted to provide a synthesis of the state of knowledge in this field and aimed to answer the following question: "Can music therapy reduce patient's state anxiety during endodontic treatment?". METHODS: A search was performed in six electronic databases (PubMed, Cochrane Library, Scopus, Web of Science, EMBASE, and Open Gray) for articles published until April 2022. The eligibility criteria, based on the PICOS strategy, were as follows: (P) patients undergoing endodontic treatment; (I) exposure to music; (C) no music; (O) patients' anxiety; (S) only randomized clinical trials. The risk of bias was analyzed according to the Cochrane Risk of Bias tool for randomized controlled trials (RoB 2). The strength of evidence from the included studies was assessed using the Grading of Assessment, Development, and Assessment Recommendations (GRADE) tool. RESULTS: Five eligible studies were retrieved. A low to high risk of bias was verified. Descriptive analysis showed an effect in favor of music intervention, with differences among state anxiety, heart rate and blood pressure. CONCLUSIONS: With a very low quality of evidence, dental care professionals may consider playing background music during endodontic treatment since it is a cost-effective and easy alternative to trying to reduce dental anxiety. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Five studies were included in this systematic review and showed, with a very low quality of evidence, that music may reduce state anxiety levels on patients during root canal treatment.
Assuntos
Musicoterapia , Música , Humanos , Ensaios Clínicos Controlados Aleatórios como Assunto , Ansiedade , Musicoterapia/métodos , Assistência OdontológicaRESUMO
Empirical evidence has supported that musical excerpts written in major and minor modes are responsible for evoking happiness and sadness, respectively. In this study, we evaluated whether the emotional content evoked by musical stimuli would transfer to abstract figures when they became members of the same equivalence class. Participants assigned to the experimental group were submitted to a training procedure to form equivalence classes comprising musical excerpts (A) and meaningless abstract figures (B, C, and D). Afterward, transfer of function was evaluated using a semantic differential. Participants in the control group showed positive semantic differential scores for major mode musical excerpts, negative scores for minor mode musical excerpts, and neutral scores for the B, C, and D stimuli. Participants in the experimental groups showed positive semantic differential scores for visual stimuli equivalent to the major modes and negative semantic differential scores for visual stimuli equivalent to the minor modes. These results indicate transfer of function of emotional content present in musical stimuli through equivalence class formation. These findings could provide a more comprehensive understanding of the effects of using emotional stimuli in equivalence class formation experiments and in transfer of function itself.
Assuntos
Aprendizagem por Discriminação , Música , HumanosRESUMO
PURPOSE: To describe the development and validation of a test, called BATUTA, that assesses the musical perception of people with hearing impairment that are hearing aid (HA) users. BATUTA is a computerized test with 35 subtests, divided into the rhythm, pitch, and timbre modules, and the participants must answer whether the sound samples and/or parts of the songs, presented in pairs, are the same or not. METHODS: The BATUTA creation process consisted of four stages: test development, submission to the expert committee for content validation; pilot application with 51 normal hearing participants and retest to validate reliability. The process was based on several recommendations for the development and validation of musical assessment instruments. A deep investigation of the guidelines related to sound samples used, musical attributes evaluated, testing environment and the most appropriate response method was undertaken to ensure dependability. RESULTS: The Content Validity Index (CVI) and expert agreement rates, when analyzed with the committee's recommendations, resulted in corrections and new audio recordings to ensure compliance to the test. The pilot test scores indicated internal consistency and the retest confirmed the reliability of BATUTA. CONCLUSION: The results demonstrated the viability of BATUTA to assess the musical perception of people with hearing impairment that are HA users.
OBJETIVO: Descrever o desenvolvimento e a validação de um teste de percepção musical, denominado BATUTA, destinado a avaliar a percepção musical de pessoas com deficiência auditiva, usuárias de aparelhos de amplificação sonora individual (AASI). O BATUTA é um teste computadorizado composto por 35 subtestes divididos nos módulos ritmo, pitch e timbre para os quais os participantes devem responder se as amostras sonoras e/ou os trechos musicais apresentados, aos pares, são iguais ou diferentes. MÉTODO: O processo de construção do BATUTA foi composto por quatro etapas: desenvolvimento do teste, submissão da versão inicial ao comitê de especialistas para validação de conteúdo; aplicação do piloto em 51 participantes com audição normal e reteste para validação da confiabilidade, fundamentadas em reconhecidas recomendações para elaboração e validação de instrumentos de avaliação. Diretrizes relacionadas à natureza das amostras sonoras utilizadas, aos atributos musicais avaliados, ao ambiente de testagem e ao tipo de resposta indicada para a finalidade do BATUTA foram amplamente investigadas, com o propósito de lhe conferir fidedignidade. RESULTADOS: Os índices de Validação de Conteúdo (IVC) e de concordância entre os especialistas, quando analisados juntamente com as recomendações do comitê, resultaram em correções e em novas gravações dos áudios para garantir o cumprimento do teste. Os escores da aplicação do teste piloto indicaram boa consistência interna e o reteste confirmou a confiabilidade do BATUTA. CONCLUSÃO: Os resultados demonstraram a viabilidade do BATUTA para avaliar a percepção musical de pessoas com deficiência auditiva usuárias de AASI.
Assuntos
Implantes Cocleares , Auxiliares de Audição , Perda Auditiva , Música , Humanos , Percepção Auditiva , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Perda Auditiva/diagnóstico , Perda Auditiva/reabilitaçãoRESUMO
Se propone una lectura del film Una mujer fantástica (Sebastián Lelio, 2017) desde la perspectiva de la ética contemporánea, analizando cuestiones relativas a los derechos humanos y a los principios universales que los mismos aspiran a salvaguardar. El artículo se centra en aspectos relativos a la diversidad de género y a la vulnerabilidad de derechos de las personas trans, poniendo el eje en torno al derecho a la sepultura en su articulación con el trabajo simbólico de duelo. Dichas temáticas son abordadas a partir de distintas entradas musicales presentes en el film, cuya eficacia en el marco de la narrativa radica en su función de soporte ante distintas operatorias éticas y transformaciones en torno a la subjetividad de los personajes
A reading of the film A Fantastic Woman (Sebastián Lelio, 2017) is proposed from the perspective of contemporary ethics, analyzing issues related to human rights and the universal principles that they aspire to safeguard. The article focuses on aspects related to gender diversity and the vulnerability of the rights of trans people, focusing on the right to burial in its articulation with the symbolic work of grief. These themes are approached from different musical inputs present in the film, whose effectiveness within the framework of the narrative lies in its function of support to different ethical operations and transformations around the subjectivity of the characters
Assuntos
Humanos , Diversidade de Gênero , Equidade de Gênero , Filmes Cinematográficos , MúsicaRESUMO
Sound synthesis refers to the creation of original acoustic signals with broad applications in artistic innovation, such as music creation for games and videos. Nonetheless, machine learning architectures face numerous challenges when learning musical structures from arbitrary corpora. This issue involves adapting patterns borrowed from other contexts to a concrete composition objective. Using Labeled Correlation Alignment (LCA), we propose an approach to sonify neural responses to affective music-listening data, identifying the brain features that are most congruent with the simultaneously extracted auditory features. For dealing with inter/intra-subject variability, a combination of Phase Locking Value and Gaussian Functional Connectivity is employed. The proposed two-step LCA approach embraces a separate coupling stage of input features to a set of emotion label sets using Centered Kernel Alignment. This step is followed by canonical correlation analysis to select multimodal representations with higher relationships. LCA enables physiological explanation by adding a backward transformation to estimate the matching contribution of each extracted brain neural feature set. Correlation estimates and partition quality represent performance measures. The evaluation uses a Vector Quantized Variational AutoEncoder to create an acoustic envelope from the tested Affective Music-Listening database. Validation results demonstrate the ability of the developed LCA approach to generate low-level music based on neural activity elicited by emotions while maintaining the ability to distinguish between the acoustic outputs.
Assuntos
Mapeamento Encefálico , Música , Mapeamento Encefálico/métodos , Eletroencefalografia/métodos , Encéfalo/fisiologia , Emoções/fisiologia , Percepção Auditiva/fisiologia , Música/psicologia , Estimulação AcústicaRESUMO
The ability to synchronize body movements with quasi-regular auditory stimuli represents a fundamental trait in humans at the core of speech and music. Despite the long trajectory of the study of such ability, little attention has been paid to how acoustic features of the stimuli and individual differences can modulate auditory-motor synchrony. Here, by exploring auditory-motor synchronization abilities across different effectors and types of stimuli, we revealed that this capability is more restricted than previously assumed. While the general population can synchronize to sequences composed of the repetitions of the same acoustic unit, the synchrony in a subgroup of participants is impaired when the unit's identity varies across the sequence. In addition, synchronization in this group can be temporarily restored by being primed by a facilitator stimulus. Auditory-motor integration is stable across effectors, supporting the hypothesis of a central clock mechanism subserving the different articulators but critically shaped by the acoustic features of the stimulus and individual abilities.
Assuntos
Percepção Auditiva , Música , Humanos , Estimulação Acústica , Atenção , MovimentoRESUMO
PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to determine whether a combined music pharmacological intervention was an effective multimodal approach to reduce adult pain in the postanesthesia care unit (PACU). DESIGN: A prospective, randomized control trial study. METHODS: Participants were recruited in the preoperative holding area on the day of surgery by the principal investigators. Music was selected by the patient following the informed consent process. Participants were randomized either to the intervention group or the control group. Patients in the intervention group received music in addition to standard pharmacological protocol while the control group received only the standard pharmacological protocol. Measured outcomes were change in visual analog pain scores and length of stay. FINDINGS: In this cohort (N = 134), 68 participants (50.7%) received the intervention, and 66 participants (49.3%) were in the control group. Paired t tests showed that pain scores for the control group worsened by an average of 1.45-points (95% CI: 0.75, 2.15; P < .001) compared to 0.34-points in the intervention group and was not significant (P = .314) as scores went from 1 out of 10 to 1.4 out of 10. Both control and intervention groups experienced pain, with the control group's overall pain scores worsening over time. This finding was statistically significant (P = .023). No statistically significant difference was noted in the average PACU length of stay (LOS). CONCLUSIONS: The addition of music to the standard postoperative pain protocol demonstrated a lower average pain score on discharge from the PACU. The absence of a difference in LOS may be due to the confounding variables (eg, general versus spinal anesthesia or a difference in voiding time).
Assuntos
Musicoterapia , Música , Adulto , Humanos , Analgésicos , Dor Pós-Operatória/tratamento farmacológico , Estudos Prospectivos , Manejo da DorRESUMO
Resumo. Objetivo. Explorar as relações entre ansiedade social (AS) e ansiedade de performance musical (APM) em uma amostra de cantores brasileiros. Método. Tratou-se de uma pesquisa analítica-descritiva, observacional, correlacional e quantitativa, com amostra de conveniência não-probabilística de 252 cantores (142 amadores e 110 profissionais). Foram aplicados um questionário sócio-demográfico, o Questionário de Ansiedade Social para Adultos e o Kenny Music Performance Anxiety Inventory. Resultados. Foi encontrada uma correlação positiva moderada e significativa entre AS e APM. Evidências sugerem que a APM é significativamente maior nos cantores profissionais e em solistas. O aspecto "Preocupação e insegurança" é significativamente maior em cantores profissionais que em amadores, sendo cantores profissionais e solistas os mais afetados. A AS e a APM estão presentes em cantores representando um agravante na saúde mental. Cantores profissionais e solistas podem ser beneficiados com diagnósticos e tratamentos na área da performance musical.
Abstract. Objective. The goal of this study was to explore the relationship between social anxiety (SA) and musical performance anxiety (MPA) in a Brazilian sample of singers. Method. This study is descriptive, observational, correlational and quantitative, with a non-probabilistic convenience sample of 252 singers (142 amateurs and 110 professionals). Participants answered a sociodemographic questionnaire, the Adult Social Anxiety Questionnaire and the Kenny Music Performance Anxiety Inventory. Results. A moderate and significant positive correlation was found between SA and MPA. Evidence suggests that APM is significantly higher in professional singers and soloists. The aspects of "Worry and Insecurity" are significantly higher in professional singers than in amateurs. In conclusion, SA and MPA are present in professional singers representing an aggravating factor in mental health. Professional singers and soloists can benefit from diagnostics and treatment in the area of music performance.