Your browser doesn't support javascript.
loading
Mostrar: 20 | 50 | 100
Resultados 1 - 20 de 59
Filtrar
1.
Br J Sports Med ; 58(16): 895-901, 2024 Jul 31.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38830751

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: To describe the prevalence of urinary incontinence (UI) in para athletes in Brazil. METHODS: This is a cross-sectional study with Brazilian para athletes with physical impairments from all para sports. The data from 86 participants of both sexes (60 males and 26 females) were collected through an online survey that gathered sociodemographic data and the International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire-Urinary Incontinence Short Form, from March to July 2023. RESULTS: The prevalence of UI was 45.3% (n=39), with the average impact on quality of life scored at 6.1±3.5 on a scale of 0-10. Most para athletes reported moderate (43.5%) or severe (38.4%) symptoms. The most common type was mixed UI (46.1%), with an average of 3±1.9 episodes of urinary loss per athlete in the last 4 weeks. Adjusted Poisson regression (controlling for sex, age and level of competition) revealed that para athletes with orthopaedic impairments had a 58% lower prevalence of UI (prevalence ratio=0.42; 95% CI 0.24, 0.83) compared with those with neurological impairments. Furthermore, ordinal regression indicated that para athletes with neurological impairments were 147% more likely to experience a progression from 'severe' to 'very severe' UI (OR=2.47; 95% CI 1.59, 3.93). CONCLUSIONS: UI is highly prevalent among para athletes, particularly those with neurological impairments, underscoring the need for specialised genitourinary healthcare and the need for further treatment and monitoring of the condition. There is a critical need to raise awareness among coaches, healthcare providers and the athletes themselves about UI and its impact to foster the comprehensive well-being of these athletes.


Assuntos
Paratletas , Qualidade de Vida , Incontinência Urinária , Humanos , Masculino , Brasil/epidemiologia , Incontinência Urinária/epidemiologia , Feminino , Estudos Transversais , Prevalência , Adulto , Adulto Jovem , Inquéritos e Questionários , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Adolescente
2.
Adapt Phys Activ Q ; 41(4): 499-512, 2024 Oct 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38648885

RESUMO

The journey of Brazilian female Paralympians transcends mere statistical increases in women's participation. Behind the modest athlete growth lies the reality of women who are doubly marginalized by the intersection of gender and disability in an arena tailored for able-bodied men. Our study aimed to catalyze critical discourses surrounding the historical trajectory of Paralympic women's sports. Through a comprehensive documentary analysis based on the Brazilian Paralympic Committee's official documents from 1976 to 2021, we sought to shed light on this complex scenario. Numerically, Brazil's representation comprised 229 women who, predominantly, had physical impairments and engaged in individual sports. In addition to a sporting legacy deeply entrenched in physical rehabilitation with limited opportunities for team-based sports, we observed negative influences stemming from ableist and sexist narratives. A thorough investigation into Paralympic milestones revealed a multitude of social barriers and highlighted the significant impact of societal changes in reshaping athletic opportunities and challenging traditional stereotypes.


Assuntos
Paratletas , Humanos , Brasil , Feminino , História do Século XX , Esportes para Pessoas com Deficiência , Pessoas com Deficiência , História do Século XXI , Adulto , Esportes
3.
Percept Mot Skills ; 131(4): 1291-1307, 2024 Aug.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38669451

RESUMO

Improvements in race times for male and female Para canoe athletes across different sports classes have led to a reduction in relative differences between classes over time. However, there is a lack of research examining the comparative developmental trajectories between high-performance Paralympic (PCS) and Olympic (OCS) canoe sprint. In this study, we compared the developmental trajectories of 200-meter kayak performances among PCS and OCS athletes. In total, we analyzed 628 race results obtained from public online databases, for nine competitions between 2015 and 2023. Race times were reduced over the years except in specific sports classes (KL3-M, K1-M, and K1-F; KL: Kayak Level, M: male, F: female), with a poor positive correlation (r = 0.17 to 0.33) between time and the years. For the remaining sports classes, these correlations ranged from poor to fair (r = -0.58 to -0.13). OCS K1 athletes outperformed their Paralympic counterparts. Among Paralympic classes, KL1 had slower times than KL2 and KL3 (p ≤ .05), with KL2 times significantly lower than KL3 in the female category. OCS athletes exhibited less variability in race times compared to PCS athletes. In the male category, there were no significant differences in the coefficients of variation (CV) and amplitude of race times between sport classes, except for KL1-M, which had a larger CV than K1 (p ≤ .05). In the female category, the CV and amplitude of race times were significantly higher in KL1-F compared to KL3-F and K1-F. OCS times remained stable from 2015, with KL3-M following a similar trend. PCS displayed greater race time variability, particularly in higher impairment classes, notably KL1. This underscores the existence of distinct developmental stages within the canoe sprint modality, particularly emphasizing the early developmental phase of KL1. It also provides valuable insights for coaches and sports selection, especially concerning athletes with more severe impairments, including those in Rehabilitation Centers and during athlete recruitment.


Assuntos
Desempenho Atlético , Humanos , Feminino , Masculino , Desempenho Atlético/fisiologia , Desempenho Atlético/estatística & dados numéricos , Esportes Aquáticos/fisiologia , Paratletas/classificação , Adulto , Comportamento Competitivo/fisiologia , Esportes para Pessoas com Deficiência/fisiologia
4.
Int J Sports Physiol Perform ; 19(5): 510-514, 2024 May 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38663852

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether transcranial direct-current stimulation (tDCS) optimizes the performance of a wheelchair basketball player on precision tasks. METHODS: A right-handed wheelchair basketball player (1.5 points functional class) with myelomeningocele (low lumbar level) participated in this case study. The tDCS neuromodulation protocol was applied throughout 10 interventions of 20 minutes with a current intensity of 2 mA, simultaneously with sport-specific training, 3 times a week for 4 weeks. Anodic stimulation was performed on the right cerebellar hemisphere (CB2) and cathodic stimulation in the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. A control participant was submitted to a sham-tDCS stimulation protocol for the same period. Functional performance was assessed before the intervention and after the 5th and 10th interventions using "pass accuracy," "free-throw shooting," and "spot shot" tests. Outcome measures were compared using percentage differences between preintervention, intermediate intervention, and postintervention values. RESULTS: There was a gradual increase in the athlete's total and average scores in all tests performed, with an overall improvement of 78% between the baseline and final assessments, while the control participant had an overall improvement of 6.5%. CONCLUSION: The tDCS protocol was effective in improving performance in precision activities in a wheelchair basketball player.


Assuntos
Desempenho Atlético , Basquetebol , Paratletas , Estimulação Transcraniana por Corrente Contínua , Cadeiras de Rodas , Adulto , Humanos , Masculino , Desempenho Atlético/fisiologia , Basquetebol/fisiologia , Destreza Motora/fisiologia , Esportes para Pessoas com Deficiência/fisiologia , Pessoa de Meia-Idade
5.
Adapt Phys Activ Q ; 41(3): 365-381, 2024 Jul 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38316127

RESUMO

Match-related performance analysis in judo Para athletes with visual impairments is important to coaches and staff to identify technical-tactical profiles of their athletes and opponents but also to identify whether there are similar characteristics in each visual class. Thus, this study explores the match-related performance in judo Para athletes and verifies the relationship between performance using the old and new classification systems. The match-derived variables were analyzed using different statistical methods considering a total of 182 matches from the Tokyo 2020 Paralympic Games. The results indicated that performance was affected by sex and degree of impairment. The new classification system seems suitable for grouping Para judo athletes, as it differentiates performance between the two proposed classes (J1 and J2), since athletes from each group compete separately. Furthermore, different variability index measures were correlated with competitive performance, demonstrating a specific performance profile for each sport class in judo.


Assuntos
Desempenho Atlético , Artes Marciais , Paratletas , Humanos , Artes Marciais/classificação , Desempenho Atlético/fisiologia , Masculino , Feminino , Paratletas/classificação , Tóquio , Adulto , Esportes para Pessoas com Deficiência/classificação , Adulto Jovem , Comportamento Competitivo/fisiologia , Transtornos da Visão
7.
Br J Sports Med ; 58(15): 852-859, 2024 Jul 25.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38286574

RESUMO

OBJECTIVES: The relationship between sport-related injuries and Para athlete impairment type has not yet been comprehensively studied. This study aimed to describe injury incidence according to athlete impairment type during the London 2012 and Rio 2016 Summer Paralympic Games, by sex, age, Games period, chronicity and anatomical area. METHODS: A combined analysis of 7222 athletes was conducted comprising 101 108 athlete days, using pooled data. Internet sources were used to identify impairments of registered athletes. Impairment types: brain disorders (BD), limb deficiency, neuromuscular disorders (NMD), spinal cord-related disorders, visual impairment (VI) and 'all others' (OTH: impaired passive range of movement, intellectual impairment, leg length difference, short stature and unknown impairments). Results by impairment type are reported as univariate unadjusted incidences (injuries/1000 athlete days; 95% CIs). Statistical significance between impairment types was determined when 95% CIs did not overlap. RESULTS: The overall crude unadjusted incidence of injury was 11.1 (95% CI 10.4 to 11.9), significantly higher in VI (13.7 (95% CI 11.0 to 15.7)) and NMD (13.3 (95% CI 11.1 to 16.1)) compared with BD (9.1 (95% CI 7.7 to 10.8)). Acute (sudden onset) (8.6 (95% CI 7.3 to 10.1)) and lower limb (6.6 (95% CI 5.4 to 8.1)) injuries were higher among athletes with VI, while athletes with NMD had a higher incidence of repetitive (gradual onset) (5.9 (95% CI 4.3 to 8.0)) and upper limb (6.9 (95% CI 5.2 to 9.0)) injuries compared with other impairments. CONCLUSIONS: Incidence and type of injuries differed between athlete impairment types. Athletes with VI or NMD sustained the highest incidence of injury, and athletes with BD had the lowest. Findings of this study can inform the management of competition-related injuries in Para athletes.


Assuntos
Traumatismos em Atletas , Paratletas , Esportes para Pessoas com Deficiência , Humanos , Incidência , Traumatismos em Atletas/epidemiologia , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto , Adulto Jovem , Adolescente , Londres/epidemiologia , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Brasil/epidemiologia , Criança
8.
Disabil Health J ; 17(1): 101511, 2024 Jan.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37612205

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Para athletes experience high prevalence and incidence of health problems related to sport. Despite this, there are few longitudinal studies. OBJECTIVE: To describe the characteristics, prevalence, incidence, and severity of health problems in para athletes from one of the Brazilian Paralympic Reference Centers during a sports season and to compare the prevalence of health problems between para athletics, para powerlifting, and para swimming. METHODS: This prospective pilot study was conducted from October 2019 to March 2020. The Oslo Sports Trauma Research Center Questionnaire on Health Problems was used to record injuries and illnesses every week for 24 weeks. The characteristics, prevalence, incidence, and severity of health problems were described for each modality. The prevalence of health problems was compared among the three sport modalities. RESULTS: Thirty-five para athletes participated. Most of the injuries occurred in the shoulder, and most illnesses caused respiratory and gastrointestinal symptoms. The average weekly prevalence and the incidence rate of health problems were 40.6% (95% CI 17.0-64.4) and 12.7 (95% CI 9.6-15.9) per 1000 athlete hours, respectively. Para powerlifting had the highest prevalence of all and substantial health problems; para swimming had the lowest prevalence of injuries; and para athletics had the lowest prevalence of illnesses. CONCLUSIONS: This group of Brazilian para athletes showed a high prevalence and incidence of health problems throughout the season. Para athletics, para powerlifting, and para swimming each had a different prevalence of injuries and illnesses.


Assuntos
Pessoas com Deficiência , Paratletas , Humanos , Incidência , Projetos Piloto , Estudos Prospectivos , Prevalência , Brasil/epidemiologia , Estações do Ano , Natação , Atletas
9.
Movimento (Porto Alegre) ; 30: e30006, 2024. tab
Artigo em Português | LILACS | ID: biblio-1564819

RESUMO

A paracanoagem é uma das modalidades que foram incluídas nos Jogos Paralímpicos de Verão. O presente estudo teve como objetivo analisar o desenvolvimento financeiro da paracanoagem no Brasil, por meio de uma pesquisa com abordagem qualitativa, de cunho exploratório, descritiva por meio de levantamento bibliográfico e documental. Como resultado foi observado aporte financeiro a atletas e às entidades esportivas durante o ciclo 2012 e 2016, havendo redução nestes incentivos no ciclo 2016 e 2018. Concluímos que houve aumento de recursos após sua inclusão nos Jogos Paralímpicos, porém sem investimentos de recursos privados. Ainda que os resultados demonstram evolução é fundamental entender como foi aplicado o recurso para avaliar a eficiência do investimento. (AU)


Paracanoeing is one of the sports included in the Paralympic Games. The present study aimed to analyze the financial development of paracanoeing in Brazil, through a qualitative research approach, exploratory in nature, descriptive through literature and documentary research. As a result, it was observed a significant financial contribution to athletes and sports entities during the 2012 and 2016 cycles, with a small reduction in these incentives in the 2016 and 2018 cycles. We conclude that there was a significant increase in resources after its inclusion in the Paralympic Games but without private resource investments. Although the results demonstrate evolution, it is essential to understand how the resource was applied to evaluate the efficiency of the investment. (AU)


La paracanotaje es una de las modalidades incluidas en los Juegos Paralímpicos. El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo analizar el desarrollo financiero de la paracanotaje en Brasil, a través de una investigación con enfoque cualitativo, de carácter exploratorio, descriptivo a través de una investigación bibliográfica y documental. Como resultado, se observó un gran aporte financiero a los atletas y a las entidades deportivas durante los ciclos 2012 y 2016, habiendo una pequeña reducción en estos incentivos en los ciclos 2016 y 2018. Concluimos que hubo un aumento significativo de recursos después de su inclusión en los Juegos Paralímpicos, pero sin inversiones de recursos privados. Aunque los resultados demuestran evolución, es fundamental entender cómo se aplicó el recurso para evaluar la eficiencia de la inversión. (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Esportes , Financiamento de Capital , Pesquisa Qualitativa , Atletas , Paratletas
10.
Movimento (Porto Alegre) ; 30: e30003, 2024. tab
Artigo em Português | LILACS | ID: biblio-1558583

RESUMO

Utilizando como referencial teórico as Categorias de Campo, Capital e Habitus, o artigo tem como objetivo analisar se a institucionalização do Comitê Paralímpico Brasileiro foi determinante para o desenvolvimento esportivo paralímpico do Brasil. O estudo se configura como uma pesquisa qualitativa, tendo sua coleta de dados realizada a partir de entrevistas semiestruturadas com seis sujeitos (três atletas paralímpicos e três dirigentes esportivos paralímpicos). A institucionalização do Comitê Paralímpico Brasileiro foi fator fundamental para o desenvolvimento esportivo paralímpico do Brasil, dado que essa Entidade esportiva se tornou o coordenador central que sistematizou e efetuou um planejamento estratégico de caráter profissional, ancorado em três eixos (Governamental - Diretiva - Esportiva) que tiveram como princípios fundamentais o foco em práticas Organizacionais/Administrativas - Financeiras - Em Infraestrutura - Técnicas/Físicas/Esportivas. Essa sistematização estrutural fomentou a implementação de projetos e programas de prática esportiva paralímpica com o objetivo principal de formar e desenvolver atletas paralímpicos de rendimento. (AU)


Utilizando las Categorías Campo, Capital y Habitus como marco teórico, el artículo tiene como objetivo analizar si la institucionalización del Comité Paralímpico Brasileño fue decisiva para el desarrollo del deporte paralímpico en Brasil. El estudio se configura como una investigación cualitativa, con su recolección de datos realizada a partir de entrevistas semiestructuradas con seis sujetos (tres atletas paralímpicos y tres líderes deportivos paralímpicos). La institucionalización del Comité Paralímpico Brasileño fue un factor fundamental para el desarrollo del deporte paralímpico en Brasil, dado que esta Entidad deportiva se convirtió en el coordinador central que sistematizaba y realizaba una planificación estratégica de carácter profesional, anclada en tres ejes (Gobernativa - Directiva - Deportiva) que tuvo como principios fundamentales, el enfoque en las prácticas Organizativas/Administrativas - Financieras - En Infraestructura - Técnicas/Físicas/Deportivas. Esta sistematización estructural impulsó la implementación de proyectos y programas para el deporte paralímpico con el objetivo principal de formar y desarrollar atletas paralímpicos de alto rendimiento. (AU)


Using the Field, Capital, and Habitus Categories as a theoretical framework, the article aims to analyze whether the institutionalization of the Brazilian Paralympic Committee was decisive for the development of Paralympic sports in Brazil. The study is configured as qualitative research, with its data collection conducted from semi-structured interviews with six subjects (three Paralympic athletes and three Paralympic sports managers). The institutionalization of the Brazilian Paralympic Committee was a fundamental factor for the development of Paralympic sports in Brazil, given that this sports entity became the central coordinator that systematize and carried out strategic planning of a professional nature, anchored in three axes (Governmental; Management; Sports) that had as fundamental principles the focus on Organizational/Administrative; Financial; Infrastructure; Technical/Physical/Sports practices. This structural systematization encouraged the implementation of projects and programs for Paralympic sports with the main objective of training and developing high-performance Paralympic athletes. (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Esportes , Paratletas , Planejamento Estratégico , Pesquisa Qualitativa , Economia
11.
Cienc. act. fís. (Talca, En línea) ; 24(2)dic. 2023. tab, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: biblio-1528270

RESUMO

Esta investigación tuvo como objetivo relatar la evolución del movimiento paralímpico y su vínculo con el escenario político nacional e internacional. Los Juegos Paralímpicos de Verano hicieron su debut en 1960, mientras que Chile participó por primera vez en 1992. Por otro lado, los Juegos Paralímpicos de Invierno comenzaron en 1976, y la primera participación chilena en este evento se produjo en 2002. Para el desarrollo del estudio se utilizó un análisis documental, donde se analizaron las convocatorias oficiales de las delegaciones chilenas, junto con las planillas de resultados generales obtenidos en los Juegos Paralímpicos, se extrajo de los documentos: el número de atletas participantes de ambos sexos y deportes, información que posteriormente fue agrupada en presencia o no de medallas y tipo de medalla obtenida y, a partir de aquello, se analizó por tipo de discapacidad y año de participación. A través de los años, Chile vivenció constantes procesos y cambios en los periodos de gestión, a esto se suma la promulgación de leyes, tanto nacionales como internacionales, junto con la constante ayuda recibida de distintas agrupaciones privadas y gubernamentales, resultando en un paulatino incremento de deportistas paralímpicos, situación que colaboró en gran medida con el desarrollo integral del movimiento paralímpico chileno hasta lo que es en la actualidad; este crecimiento facilitó resultados exitosos, como el obtenido en el año 2012 con la conquista de la primera medalla paralímpica de Chile, llegando a un total de siete medallas distribuidas en cuatro deportes en los Juegos Paralímpicos Tokio 2020, quedando situado en el ranking paralímpico en la cuadragésima quinta posición.


The aim of this paper was to describe the evolution of the Paralympic movement and its connection with the national and international political scenario. The Summer Paralympic Games made their debut in 1960, while Chile first participated in 1992. On the other hand, the Winter Paralympic Games began in 1976, and Chile's first participation in this event occurred in 2002. A documentary analysis was conducted for the study, in which the official documents of the Chilean delegations were analyzed, along with the overall results obtained in the Paralympic Games. The documents provided information on the number of participating athletes of both genders, results and sports. This information was later grouped based on the presence or absence of medals and the type of medal obtained. It was further analyzed by type of disability and year of participation. Over the years, Chile experienced constant processes and changes in management, in addition to the enactment of laws, both national and international. The constant support received from various private and governmental organizations contributed to the gradual increase in paralympic athletes, which greatly facilitated the overall development of the Chilean Paralympic movement to its current state. This growth led to successful outcomes, such as Chile's 1st Paralympic medal in 2012, and the country has now achieved a total of 7 medals in 4 disciplines in Paralympic Games Tokyo 2020, placing it in the 45th position in paralympic medal board.


O presente trabalho tem como objetivo relatar a evolução do movimento paralímpico e sua relação com o cenário político nacional e internacional. Os Jogos Paralímpicos de Verão fizeram sua estreia em 1960, enquanto o Chile participou pela primeira vez em 1992. Por outro lado, os Jogos Paralímpicos de Inverno começaram em 1976, e a primeira participação chilena neste evento ocorreu em 2002. O estudo foi realizado através de análise documental, de onde foram extraídas informações sobre as delegações chilenas, juntamente com as planilhas de resultados gerais obtidos dos Jogos Paralímpicos. As variáveis registradas foram número de atletas participantes de ambos os sexos, modalidades e esportes. As informações posteriormente foram agrupadas em quantidade de medalhas e tipo da medalha obtida, sendo analisadas por tipo de deficiência e ano de participação. Ao longo dos anos, o Chile experimentou constantes processos e mudanças nos períodos de gestão, como a promulgação de leis, tanto nacionais como internacionais, juntamente com a ajuda constante recebida de diferentes grupos privados e governamentais, resultando em aumento de atletas paralímpicos, situação que contribuiu com o desenvolvimento integral do movimento paralímpico chileno. Este crescimento facilitou resultados exitosos, como o obtido em 2012 com a conquista da primeira medalha paralímpica do Chile, alcançando hoje um total de 7 medalhas distribuídas em 4 disciplinas em Tóquio 2022, colocando-se na quadragésima quinta posição do quadro de medalhas.


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , História do Século XX , História do Século XXI , Esportes/história , Paratletas/história , Chile
12.
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: biblio-1528271

RESUMO

El propósito del estudio fue determinar el efecto que produce la aplicación de una unidad de enseñanza de los deportes de colaboración y oposición diseñada en base a dos propuestas del modelo pedagógico comprensivo: el Teaching Games for Understanding y la Didáctica Cognitiva, en comparación a un modelo tradicional de enseñanza. La muestra estuvo conformada por alumnos(as) de 5° a 8° básicos (12 a 14 años). Mediante metodología observacional, fueron evaluadas las principales acciones de juego eficientes en las dimensiones de ataque y defensa, en momentos de test y retest, a un grupo control (GC) y otro experimental (GE). El análisis de varianza (MANOVA) y las comparaciones por pares con corrección de Bonferroni aplicadas con un alfa de 0.05, evidenciaron diferencias significativas entre ambos grupos, de las acciones motoras de lanzamiento en zona eficaz (GE: 74,3% GC: -16,7%) y Pase simple (GE: -27,1% - GC: -3,1%). Mientras que, mediante el análisis descriptivo de las tasas de ocurrencia, se encontraron diferencias de las acciones motoras de Anticipación (GE:211,1% - GC:20%), marcación eficiente (GE: 330,8% - GC: -7,1%) y desmarcación (GE: 400% - GC: 0%). Los hallazgos de ambos análisis muestran que la aplicación de metodologías comprensivas en la enseñanza de los deportes de colaboración y oposición en el contexto de educación física escolar, mejoran la calidad de las acciones de juego, en comparación a un modelo tradicional de enseñanza.


The purpose of the study was to determine the effect produced by the application of a teaching unit for collaborative and oppositional sports designed on the basis of two proposals of the comprehensive pedagogical model: Teaching Games for Understanding and Cognitive Didactics, compared to a traditional teaching model. The sample consisted of students from 5th to 8th grade (12 to 14 years old). By means of observational methodology, the main efficient game actions in the dimensions of attack and defense were evaluated, in test and retest moments, to a control group (CG) and an experimental group (EG). The analysis of variance (MANOVA) and pairwise comparisons with Bonferroni correction applied with an alpha of 0. 05, showed significant differences between both groups in the motor actions of throwing in the effective zone (EG: 74.3% - CG: -16.7%) and simple passing (EG: -27.1% - CG: -3.1%), while descriptive analysis of the occurrence rates showed differences in the anticipation motor actions (EG: 211.1% - CG: 20%), efficient tackling (EG: 330.8% - CG: -7.1%) and untacking (EG: 400% - CG: 0%). The findings of both analyses show that the application of comprehensive methodologies in the teaching of collaborative and oppositional sports in the context of school physical education improves the quality of the game actions, compared to a traditional teaching model.


O objetivo do estudo foi determinar o efeito produzido pela aplicação de uma unidade de ensino de esportes colaborativos e opostos projetada com base em 2 propostas do modelo pedagógico integral: Jogos de ensino para a compreensão e didática cognitiva, em comparação com um modelo de ensino tradicional. A amostra foi composta por alunos da 5ª à 8ª série (12 a 14 anos). Por meio de metodologia observacional, foram avaliadas as principais ações de jogo eficientes nas dimensões de ataque e defesa, nos momentos de teste e reteste, em um grupo controle (GC) e um grupo experimental (GE). A análise de variância (MANOVA) e as comparações por pares com correção de Bonferroni aplicada com alfa de 0,05, mostraram diferenças significativas entre ambos os grupos, das ações motoras de lançamento na zona efetiva (GE: 74,3% GC: -16,7% ) e passe simples (GE: -27,1% - GC: -3,1%). Já pela análise descritiva das taxas de ocorrência, foram encontradas diferenças nas ações motoras de Antecipação (GE: 211,1% - GC: 20%), marcação eficiente (GE: 330,8% - GC: -7,1%) e desmarcação (GE: 400% - GC: 0%). Os resultados de ambas as análises mostram que a aplicação de metodologias abrangentes no ensino de esportes colaborativos e de oposição no contexto da educação física escolar melhora a qualidade das ações de jogo, em comparação com um modelo de ensino tradicional.


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Criança , Adolescente , Educação Física e Treinamento/métodos , Esportes/educação , Paratletas
13.
Pensar mov ; 21(2): e56632, jul.-dic. 2023. tab, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS, SaludCR | ID: biblio-1558642

RESUMO

Resumen El objetivo de esta investigación es triple: 1) comprender las percepciones de los paratletas sobre la accesibilidad respecto a las futuras sedes de los Juegos Parapanamericanos Santiago 2023; 2) establecer diferencias en la percepción debidas al origen de la discapacidad y 3) documentar la percepción de paratletas con grandes necesidades de apoyo (AHSN, por sus siglas en inglés). Esta investigación es cuantitativa transversal que, en su primera etapa, desarrolló el instrumento denominado Encuesta de Percepción de Accesibilidad de Para-atletas (PPA-D, por sus siglas en inglés) y, en una segunda etapa, se aplicó a 96 paratletas chilenos (77.8% hombres, edad promedio = 31.0 ± 11.6 años). Para la prueba, se obtuvo un coeficiente de validación = .96. Respecto a las características de la muestra, 16.6% correspondió a participantes con discapacidad visual; un 35.1% era AHSN; el 51.5% estaba vinculado a la alta competencia y el 59.3% se trasladaba por su cuenta a sus entrenamientos. Se identificó una percepción negativa de la accesibilidad, principalmente en cuanto al transporte en microbús, en los elevadores y en los espacios de baños, afectando principalmente a AHSN con discapacidad visual (F1,101 = 14.01, p = .0003). Se concluye que es importante abordar las brechas de género, origen de discapacidad y AHSN para garantizar una participación equitativa bajo un marco de derecho.


Resumo O objetivo desta pesquisa é triplo: 1) compreender as percepções dos paratletas sobre acessibilidade com relação às futuras sedes dos Jogos Parapan-Americanos de Santiago 2023; 2) estabelecer diferenças de percepção devido à origem da deficiência portada e 3) documentar a percepção de paratletas com altas necessidades de apoio (AHSN, por suas siglas em inglês). Esta pesquisa é quantitativa transversal que, em sua primeira etapa, desenvolveu o instrumento denominado Enquete de Percepção de Acessibilidade de Paratletas (PPA-D, por suas siglas em inglês) e, em uma segunda etapa, foi aplicada a 96 paratletas chilenos (77,8% homens, idade média = 31,0 ± 11,6 anos). Para o teste, obteve-se um coeficiente de validação = 0,96. Em relação às características da amostra, 16,6% corresponderam a participantes com deficiência visual; 35,1% eram AHSN; 51,5% estavam ligados à alta competência e 59,3% se deslocaram por conta própria para o treinamento. Identificou-se uma percepção negativa de acessibilidade, principalmente com relação ao transporte por micro-ônibus, elevadores e banheiros, afetando principalmente os AHSN com deficiência visual (F1.101 = 14,01, p = 0,0003). Conclui-se que é importante abordar as lacunas de gênero, origem da deficiência e AHSN para garantir uma participação equitativa ao abrigo de um quadro jurídico.


Abstract Accessibility perception of chilean para-athletes, road to Santiago 2023. PENSAR EN MOVIMIENTO: Revista de Ciencias del Ejercicio y la Salud, 20(2), 1-18. The objective of this research is three-fold: 1) to understand Para-athletes' perceptions on accessibility regarding Santiago 2023 Parapan American games' future venues, 2) to establish differences in perception due to the origin of the disability, and 3) document alignment, if any, with athletes with high support needs (AHSN). This research is a two-phased quantitative cross-sectional study, which at the first stage developed the "Para-athletes Perception on Accessibility Survey" (PPA-D) and, at the second stage, the survey was applied to 96 Chilean Para-athletes (77.8% men, mean age = 31.0 ± 11.6 years old). The test obtained a validation coefficient of = 0.96. Regarding the sample characteristics, 16.6% corresponded to participants with visual impairment, 35.1% were AHSN, 51.5% were linked to high-level competition, and 59.3% travelled on their own to their training sessions. A negative perception of accessibility was found, mainly concerning minibuses, elevators, and restroom spaces, affecting mostly AHSN with visual impairment (F1.101 = 14.01, p = .0003). We conclude that it is important to address gender, disability, and AHSN gaps to guarantee equitable participation under a framework of the law and social rights.


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Acessibilidade Arquitetônica , Pessoas com Deficiência/psicologia , Esportes para Pessoas com Deficiência , Paratletas/psicologia , Chile , Análise de Variância
14.
Int. j. morphol ; 41(4): 1123-1127, ago. 2023. ilus, tab
Artigo em Inglês | LILACS | ID: biblio-1514337

RESUMO

SUMMARY: Anthropometric characteristics, including body size, shape, and composition, can have a significant impact on sports performance due to their influence on various physiological and biomechanical factors. However, limited research has been conducted on the anthropometric characteristics of highly trained throwing para-athletes. The purpose of this study was to describe the anthropometric characteristics, handgrip strength, and upper limb bilateral asymmetries of highly trained Chilean shot put para-throwers. Five male Chilean shot put para-athletes (average age of 38.8 ± 7.7 years) were assessed for their anthropometric characteristics, including skinfold thickness at six anatomical sites, girth at five sites, and bone breadth at two sites. Handgrip strength and bilateral asymmetries were also measured. The body mass and height of the athletes were found to be 90.5 ± 5.1 kg and 179.1 ± 8.9 cm, respectively. The athletes were found to have an endo-mesomorph somatotype (4.4-6.9-1.0) with high levels of fat mass (25.7 ± 2.8 %) and skeletal muscle mass (39.1 ± 3.7 %). The handgrip strength of the athletes was found to be 66.4 ± 6.7 kg with a bilateral asymmetry of 6.5 ± 6.2 %, with the dominant hand showing greater strength. The results indicate that the shot put para-athletes have a somatotype characterized by increased muscularity and body fat, along with a considerable stature. Although handgrip strength was found to be high, the athletes showed bilateral asymmetry, which requires further investigation to determine the cause and implications.


Las características antropométricas, incluido el tamaño, forma y composición del cuerpo, pueden tener un impacto significativo en el rendimiento deportivo debido a su influencia en diversos factores fisiológicos y biomecánicos. Sin embargo, las investigaciones sobre las características antropométricas para-atletas de lanzamiento altamente entrenados son limitadas. El propósito de este estudio fue describir las características antropométricas, la fuerza de prensión manual y las asimetrías bilaterales de miembros superiores de paralanzadores chilenos altamente entrenados en lanzamiento de la bala. Se evaluaron las características antropométricas de cinco atletas masculinos chilenos de lanzamiento de bala (edad promedio de 38,8 ± 7,7 años), incluido el grosor de los pliegues cutáneos en seis sitios anatómicos, la circunferencia en cinco sitios y la anchura de los huesos en dos sitios. También se midieron la fuerza de prensión manual y las asimetrías bilaterales. Se encontró que la masa corporal y la altura de los atletas eran 90,5 ± 5,1 kg y 179,1 ± 8,9 cm, respectivamente. Los atletas tenían un somatotipo endo-mesomorfo (4.4-6.9-1.0) con altos niveles de masa grasa (25.7 ± 2.8 %) y masa muscular esquelética (39.1 ± 3.7 %). Se encontró además que la fuerza de prensión manual de los atletas era de 66,4 ± 6,7 kg con una asimetría bilateral de 6,5 ± 6,2 %, mostrando mayor fuerza la mano dominante. Los resultados indican que los atletas de lanzamiento de bala tienen un somatotipo caracterizado por una mayor musculatura y grasa corporal, junto con una estatura considerable. Aunque se encontró que la fuerza de agarre era alta, los atletas mostraron asimetría bilateral, lo que requiere de más investigaciones para determinar las causa e implicaciones.


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Antropometria , Força da Mão , Deformidades Congênitas das Extremidades Superiores , Paratletas , Somatotipos , Composição Corporal , Chile , Esportes para Pessoas com Deficiência
15.
Nutrients ; 15(14)2023 Jul 17.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37513582

RESUMO

Diet quality indexes are used to characterize the dietary patterns of individuals and populations. The objective of this study was to compare two specific diet quality indexes, namely the Brazilian Healthy Eating Index Revised (BHEI-R) and the Global Diet Quality Score (GDQS), among Brazilian parathletes. This comparison was performed using either the initial 24 h recall (Rec1) or an assessment of usual dietary intake. Additionally, our study aimed to explore the association of these indexes with sociodemographic and behavioral sport variables. This cross-sectional, observational study evaluated 101 disabled athletes, including 23 international-level and 78 regional-/national-level participants, with a distribution of 82 males and 19 females across 13 Paralympic modalities. The Multiple Source Method (MSM) was employed, utilizing data from two or four non-consecutive 24 h food recalls. The comparison between the Rec1 and the assessment of usual dietary intake revealed the following median (IQR) values: for the BHEI-R, they were 60.3 ± 11.1 and 80.7 ± 6.2, respectively; for the GDQS, they were 19.5 ± 6.5 and 18.3 ± 2.6, respectively. Most athletes had diets classified as either "in need of modification" (according to BHEI-R) or of "moderate risk" (according to GDQS). The comparison between type of sport (team/individual), age, sex, income, education, sport scholarship, and nutritional support between the diet quality indexes is presented. Athletes involved in individual sports exhibited higher scores than team sports for BHEI-R (p < 0.02), and athletes receiving nutritional support achieved higher scores on both indexes (p < 0.03). The analysis of diet quality using the initial Rec1 with the BHEI-R was deemed sufficient to evaluate the diet quality of these athletes. However, when evaluating sporadically consumed food groups, the adoption of GDQS is necessary to assess usual dietary intake. We found that both BHEI-R and GDQS can be utilized to evaluate the diet quality of athletes with disabilities, and the diet quality of parathletes reached an intermediate score level.


Assuntos
Paratletas , Minorias Sexuais e de Gênero , Masculino , Feminino , Humanos , Brasil , Estudos Transversais , Homossexualidade Masculina , Dieta , Atletas
16.
Cienc. act. fís. (Talca, En línea) ; 24(1)jun. 2023. tab, graf
Artigo em Inglês | LILACS | ID: biblio-1513949

RESUMO

The performance of paracanoists is characterized by the ability of the athlete to advance at maximum speed, through a technically optimal paddling motion. It`s important to consider that in the case of para-athletes, the application of forces towards paddling is compromised by physical deficiencies. Thus, this study aims to assess the performance of athletes in the KL1, KL2 and KL3 sport classes, during a paralympic paracanoe event. The sample was composed of athletes from the Brazilian male paracanoe team, with a representative of each sport class: KL1, KL2, KL3 For performance analysis, we used a kayak ergometer (KayakPro®, Miami Beach, FL, USA) to simulate a 200-meter trial, during Rio 2016 Paralympic Games Road. The variables were evaluated: time trial, stroke frequency, mean speed, number of strokes, stroke length, stroke index, and power. According to results: I) the athlete KL3 had the lowest number of strokes, the longest stroke length and the highest stroke rate index; II) the athlete KL1 had the highest number of strokes, the lowest stroke length and the stroke rate index. This study puts into perspective the distinct characteristics of a paracanoe trial, analyzed in consideration to each sport class.


El rendimiento de los paracanoistas se caracteriza por la capacidad del atleta para avanzar a la máxima velocidad, mediante un movimiento técnicamente óptimo. Es importante considerar que en el caso de los para atletas, la aplicación de fuerzas hacia el remo se ve comprometida por la discapacidad. Por lo tanto, este estudio tiene como objetivo evaluar el rendimiento de los atletas en las clases deportivas KL1, KL2 y KL3. La muestra estuvo compuesta por atletas de la selección brasileña masculina de paracanotaje, con un representante de cada clase deportiva. Para el análisis del rendimiento, utilizamos un ergómetro de kayak (KayakPro®, Miami Beach, FL, EE. UU.) para simular una prueba de 200 metros. Las variables monitoreadas fueran: tiempo, frecuencia de remada, velocidad media, número de remada, longitud de remada, índice de remada y potencia. Según los resultados: I) el atleta de la clase KL3 realizó el menor número de remadas, mayor longitud de remada y el mayor índice de remada.; II) el atleta de la clase KL1 realizó el mayor número de remadas, menor longitud de remada y índice de remada. Este estudio pone en perspectiva las distintas características de una prueba de paracanotaje, analizadas en consideración a cada clase deportiva.


O desempenho dos paracanoistas é caracterizado pela capacidade do atleta de avançar em velocidade máxima, através do movimento tecnicamente ideal. É importante considerar que no caso de para atletas, a aplicação de forças na remada é comprometida devido a deficiências apresentada. Assim, este estudo tem como objetivo avaliar o desempenho de atletas das classes esportivas KL1, KL2 e KL3, durante uma prova paralímpica de paracanoagem. A amostra foi composta por atletas da equipe brasileira de paracanoagem masculina, com um representante de cada classe esportiva. Para a análises do rendimento, foi utilizado o ergómetro de kayak (KayakPro®, Miami Beach, FL, EUA.) para simular uma prova de 200 metros. As variáveis avaliadas foram: tempo, frequência de remada, velocidade média, número de remada, comprimento de remada, índice de remada e potência. De acordo com os resultados: I) o atleta KL3 teve o menor número de remadas, o maior comprimento de remada e a maior índice de remada; II) o atleta KL1 teve o maior número de remadas, o maior comprimento de remada e índice de remada. Este estudo coloca em perspectiva as características de uma prova de paracanoagem, respeitando a especificidade de cada classe esportiva.


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Exercício Físico , Esportes Aquáticos , Desempenho Físico Funcional , Paratletas , Estatura , Peso Corporal , Desempenho Atlético
17.
Nutr Bull ; 48(2): 243-255, 2023 06.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37167254

RESUMO

Assessing the usual food intake of para-athletes enables knowledge and description of nutrient intakes, providing insight into the potential nutritional status of para-athletes and may help tailor dietary intake to their specific training needs. This study aimed to evaluate the usual intake of macronutrients and food groups and meal food patterns of athletes with a disability. We also compared dietary intake data between team and individual sport para-athletes. One hundred and one athletes with a disability from 13 Paralympic disciplines living in Brasília, Federal District, Brazil were included. Food intake was estimated from two or four non-consecutive 24-h food recalls in which para-athletes reported all food, beverages, and supplements consumed in the previous 24-h. Dietary intake analysis was performed by implementing the National Cancer Institute (NCI) method to calculate the macronutrient and food group usual intake. Macronutrient intakes were compared to Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Ranges for the general population and food group intakes were compared to the 2008 Brazilian National Dietary Guidelines. Para-athletes consumed a low-carbohydrate, adequate protein, high-fat diet. There was no significant difference in macronutrient intake distribution between team sport and individual sport para-athletes. Most para-athletes had three main meals during the day. The prevalence of inadequate fruit servings in the middle and highest energy intake tertiles was significantly higher in team sport para-athletes (92.5% and 98.4%) than in individual sport para-athletes (90.8% and 65.5%), respectively. The prevalence of inadequate vegetable servings was significantly higher between team and individual para-athletes for the middle energy intake tertiles. Para-athletes generally consumed an imbalanced diet, which is a cause for concern given their additional physiological demands and specific training needs.


Assuntos
Paratletas , Esportes , Humanos , Avaliação Nutricional , Carboidratos da Dieta , Ingestão de Energia
18.
Clinics (Sao Paulo) ; 78: 100165, 2023.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37037074

RESUMO

CONTEXT: Transtibial Amputation (TA) predisposes to a sedentary lifestyle. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the efficiency of a short-term (8-week) Concurrent Training (CT) program in Unilateral Transtibial Amputees (UTA) and to compare it with the physical condition of a group of Paralympic athletes in preparation for the Rio de Janeiro Paralympics. DESIGN: This was a longitudinal, prospective and controlled trial study. METHODS: Thirty-four male subjects with UTA and using prostheses for six months or more were selected for this study. They were divided into two groups: Group 1 (G1) ‒ 17 non-athlete and untrained UTA and Group 2 (G2) ‒ 17 paralympic athletes with active UTA in the training phase. G1 was evaluated before and after eight weeks of CT and G2 made a single evaluation for control. All were submitted to anamnesis, clinical evaluation (blood pressure, electrocardiogram, and heart rate) and cardiopulmonary exercise testing on a lower limb cycle ergometer, and isokinetic knee dynamometry. The CT of G1 included resistance exercise and aerobic interval training on a stationary bicycle and G2 followed the training of the Paralympic teams. RESULTS: Patients were retested by the same methods after CT. The two most important central dependent variables (maximal oxygen uptake and muscular strength) increased by 22% and knee extensor and flexor strength by 106% and 97%, respectively. CONCLUSION: After eight weeks of CT, there was an improvement in general functional condition, muscle strength, and cardiorespiratory performance improving protection against chronic diseases and quality of life.


Assuntos
Amputados , Paratletas , Humanos , Masculino , Brasil , Grupos Controle , Estudos Prospectivos , Qualidade de Vida , Estudos Longitudinais
19.
J Sport Rehabil ; 32(2): 203-214, 2023 Feb 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36150706

RESUMO

CONTEXT: Sleep serves many important functions for athletes, particularly in the processes of learning, memory, recovery, and cognition. OBJECTIVES: Define the sleep parameters of Paralympic athletes and identify the instruments used to assess and monitor sleep Paralympic athletes. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION: This systematic review was carried out based on the PRISMA guidelines. The survey was conducted in April 2020, the searches were carried out again in September 2021 to check whether there were new scientific publications in the area of sleep and Paralympic sport, searches were performed in the following databases: PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, SPORTDiscus, Virtual Health Library (BIREME), and SciELO. This systematic review has included studies that investigated at least one of the following sleep parameters: total sleep time, sleep latency, sleep efficiency, number of awakenings, quality of sleep, daytime sleepiness, and chronotype; the participants were comprised of athletes with disabilities. Studies published at any time in English, Portuguese, and Spanish, were included. EVIDENCE SYNTHESIS: Data extraction and study selection were performed by 2 researchers independently, and a third author was consulted as necessary. The search returned a total of 407 studies. Following the screening based on exclusion and inclusion criteria, a total of 13 studies were considered. Paralympic athletes have a low amount (7.06 h) of sleep with poor quality and sleep latency (28.05 min), and 57.2% have daytime sleepiness, with the majority belonging to the indifferent chronotype (53, 5%). Moreover, 11 studies assess sleep using subjective instruments (questionnaires), and 2 studies used an objective instrument (actigraphy). CONCLUSIONS: Sleep disorders are common among Paralympic athletes, poor sleep quality and quantity, and high rates of daytime sleepiness. Subjective methods are most commonly used to assess sleep.


Assuntos
Distúrbios do Sono por Sonolência Excessiva , Paratletas , Distúrbios do Início e da Manutenção do Sono , Esportes , Humanos , Sono , Atletas
20.
PLoS One ; 17(12): e0276946, 2022.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36454747

RESUMO

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to identify, describe and synthesize the skill tests used in wheelchair basketball. METHOD: A systematic review was carried out in the databases: PubMed/Medline, ScienceDirect, Scopus, Web of science and Google Scholar from inception to January 2021 with up to date in January 2022. the eligibility criteria used were Inclusion: (i) evaluation of wheelchair basketball athletes; (ii) using skill tests (defined as agility, speed, ball maneuverability, slalom, etc.) and (iii) papers needed to be written in English and published in peer-reviewed journals. Exclusion: (i) papers with poor description of the test methodology, (ii) participants not classified as wheelchair basketball athletes (less than one year of practice) and (iii) Participants were not people without disabilities. RESULTS: Our main findings were: a) the most explored skills were pass and speed, and the most frequent test was the pass tests and sprint tests, b) Strong associations were found between sports classes and performance in field tests, c) The most used tests for each skill were: pass = pass accuracy and maximum pass; speed = 20m sprint test with and without the ball; agility = slalom test; dribbling = obstacle dribbling tests and throw = free throw and spot shot. CONCLUSION: The most explored skills were passing and speed, and to evaluate these skills we highlight the two-handed chest pass test, 20m sprint test with ball and the WMP test. The use of specific tests can facilitate the creation of reference standards and possible comparison of athletes and, thus, enable better training conditions, aiming to meet the specific demands of each athlete and team.


Assuntos
Basquetebol , Paratletas , Cadeiras de Rodas , Humanos , Atletas , Mãos
SELEÇÃO DE REFERÊNCIAS
DETALHE DA PESQUISA