O desejo pela praia: revisão de obras a respeito da história do litoral moderno brasileiro / The desire for the beach: review of researches about the history of the modern brazilian coast

Desejar a praia, as águas salgadas e quentes do litoral atlântico brasileiro, é um sentimento relativamente recente. A representação do litoral como destino do final de semana, de feriados ou de viagem de férias, com finalidades curativas, recreativas e de descanso emerge no final do século XIX e, sobretudo, nas primeiras décadas do século XX, no contexto de cidades brasileiras. Este artigo tem como objetivo analisar a conformação de novos sentidos atribuídos ao litoral, expressos na emergência de inéditas representações acerca desse espaço, assim como na ocorrência de práticas associadas ao divertimento, à educação e à saúde, por meio de uma revisão de literatura de obras que abordam o tema da história do litoral moderno. Foram considerados artigos, livros, capítulos de livros, bem como teses e dissertações produzidas no Brasil que se ocuparam desta temática, no recorte temporal entre 1850 e 1950. A análise da revisão é de caráter qualitativa e descritiva, com intuito de orientar uma discussão que reúna diversos contextos brasileiros, do norte ao sul, considerando suas especificidades e concomitâncias.

Longing for the beach, the warm, salty waters of the Brazilian Atlantic coast, is a relatively recent feeling. The representation of the coast as a weekend, holiday or vacation destination, with curative, recreational and rest purposes emerges at the end of the 19th century and, above all, in the first decades of the 20th century, in the context of Brazilian cities. This article aims to analyze the formation of new meanings attributed to the coast, expressed in the emergence of unprecedented representations about this space, as well as in the occurrence of practices associated with entertainment, education and health, through a literature review of works that address the theme of the history of the modern coast. Articles, books, book chapters, as well as theses and dissertations produced in Brazil that dealt with this topic were considered, in the time frame between 1850 and 1950. The review analysis is of a qualitative and descriptive nature, with the aim of guiding a discussion that brings together different Brazilian contexts, from north to south, considering their specificities and concomitants.

O desmentido da privação como sintoma do discurso capitalista / Le déni de la privation comme symptôme du discours capitaliste / The denial of deprivation as a symptom of capitalist discourse

Na esteira das lógicas da economia psíquica e da economia política desenvolvidas por Freud e Lacan, tomamos como cerne um tipo de defesa que aparece em muitos casos da clínica contemporânea - o desmentido da privação - para colocar em evidência sua relação com o discurso capitalista pensado por Lacan. O desmentido da privação é um modo de defesa subjetivo que aparece como um índice do fracasso do pai privador na passagem do segundo para o terceiro tempo do complexo de Édipo. Trata-se de uma forma de se defender da castração buscando satisfação pulsional sem mediação simbólica ­ busca essa que é fracassada e extrapola o princípio de prazer. Conclui-se que esse desmentido contemporâneo é um sintoma do próprio discurso capitalista. Se a for aclusão da castração no discurso capitalista é uma promessa igualmente fracassada, o desmentido da privação aparece na subjetividade tentando solucionar esse fracasso. Ele é um sinal de que o discurso capitalista não cumpre sua promessa - e isso por sua própria engrenagem lógica.

Dans le sillage des logiques d'économie psychique et d'économie politique développées par Freud et Lacan, nous nous concentrons sur un type de défense qui apparaît dans de nombreux cas de pratique clinique contemporaine - le déni de la privation - pour mettre en évidence sa relation avec le discours capitaliste d' accord avec ce qui fut pensé par Lacan. Le déni de la privation est une défense subjective qui apparaît comme un indice de l'échec du père qui prive dans le passage du deuxième au troisième stade du complexe d'Œdipe. C'est une manière de se défendre de la castration en recherchant une satisfaction pulsionnelle sans médiation symbolique ­ une recherche qui échoue et dépasse le principe du plaisir. Nous concluons que ce déni contemporain est un symptôme du discours capitaliste lui-même. Si la for clusion de la castration dans le discours capitaliste est une promesse également ratée, le déni de la privation apparaît dans la subjectivité qui tente de résoudre cet échec. C'est le signe que le discours capitalistene tient pas ses promesses - et cela par sa propre logique.

Following the logics of psychic economy and political economy developed by Freud and Lacan, we target a type of defense that appears in many cases of contemporary clinical practice - the denial of deprivation - to highlight its relationship with the capitalist discourse as thought by Lacan. The denial of deprivation is a subjective defense that appears as an index of the failure of the depriving father in the transition from the second to the third stage of the Oedipus complex. It is a way of defending oneself from castration by seeking instinctual satisfaction without symbolic mediation ­ a search that fails and goes beyond the pleasure principle. The conclusion is that this contemporary denial is a symptom of capitalist discourse itself. If the foreclosure of castration in capitalist discourse is an equally failed promise, the denial of deprivation appears in subjectivity trying to resolve this failure. It is a sign that capitalist discourse does not fulfill its promise - and this by its own logical perspective.

Supereu e neurose: dos pecados do pai à demanda do Outro, "Goza! / Surmoi et névrose: des péchés du père aux demandes de l'Autre, "Jouis !" / Superego and neurosis: from the sins of the father to the demands of the Other, "Enjoy!"

Neste artigo, por meio do arcabouço freudo-lacaniano, analisou-se teoricamente o supereu na neurose, com o objetivo de investigar suas especificidades e seus truques, que invariavelmente levam o sujeito ao pior. O neurótico demanda amor, demanda ser demandado e recebe suas próprias demandas de forma invertida como demanda do Outro. Então, pelas fraturas da metáfora paterna, o supereu na neurose articula seus imperativos à demanda do Outro obstruindo o desejo, o que pode ser demonstrado com a figura do toro e com o grafo do desejo. Conclui-se, com a importância de pesquisar o supereu que carrega mistérios, paradoxos e sutilezas, que ainda deixam perguntas, também diferenciando as estratégias e os modos de gozo que essa instância impõe à neurose e com o destino do supereu no final de análise.

Dans cet article, à travers le cadre freudo-lacanien, le surmoi dans la névrose est analysé théoriquement, dans le but d'enquêter sur ses spécificités et ses astuces, qui conduisent invariablement le sujet au pire. Le névrosé demande de l'amour, demande à être demandé et reçoit ses propres demandes de façon inversée comme la demande de l'Autre. Puis, à travers les fractures de la métaphore paternelle, le surmoi dans la névrose articule ses impératifs à la demande de l'Autre, obstruant le désir, ce qui peut être démontré avec la figure du tore et avec le graphe du désir. Il se conclut sur l'importance de rechercher le surmoi porteur de mystères, de paradoxes et de subtilités, qui laisse encore desinterrogations, en différenciant également les stratégies et les modes de jouissance que cette instance impose à la névrose et avec le destin du surmoi au fin de l'analyse.

In this article, through the Freudian-Lacanian framework, the superego in neurosis was theoretically analyzed, with the aim of investigating its specificities and its tricks, which invariably lead the subject to the worst. The neurotic demands love: they demand to be demanded and also receive their own demands in an inverted way as the Other's demand. Then, through the fractures of the paternal metaphor, the superego in neurosis articulates its imperatives to the demand of the Other, obstructing desire. We try to demonstrate this unconscious operation with the figure of the torus and with the graph of desire. It concludes with the importance of researching the superego that carries mysteries, paradoxes and subtleties, which still leave questions, also differentiating the strategies and modes of jouissance that this instance imposes on neurosis and with the destiny of the superego at the end of the analysis.

Caregiver burden, family adaptation, partnership, growth, affection, and resolve, anxiety levels, and perceived social support in relatives of patients with open heart surgery.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between caregiver burden, family adaptation, partnership, growth, affection, and resolve score, anxiety levels, and the perceived social support of the relatives of patients who had open heart surgery. METHODS: Volunteers among the relatives of patients who had open heart surgery in our cardiovascular surgery clinic and were followed up in the first 3 months were included in the study. The cardiovascular surgeons recorded the sociodemographic data of the relatives of the patients and directed them to a psychiatry clinic for further evaluation. The caregiver burden scale, family adaptation, partnership, growth, affection, and resolve scale, anxiety level scale, and perceived social support scale were applied to the relatives of the patients who participated in the study. RESULTS: Within the scope of the study, a total of 51 individuals, 29.4% (n=15) men and 70.6% (n=36) women, were included in the evaluation. The participants' ages ranged from 32 to 68 years, with an average age of 48 years. There was a statistically significant relationship between the caregiving burden scale score and the scale scores other than age (p<0.05). There was a statistically significant difference in terms of caregiving burden scale score, working status, physical and psychological problems, changes in home life, and changes in family relationships (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: The fact that the need for security and intimacy is related to anxiety and depression can be interpreted as the caregiving problems of the relatives of the patients who think that their patients are safe and feel closer to the intensive care personnel will decrease. Their depression and anxiety levels will also decrease.

Virtual reality as a telerehabilitation strategy for people with autism spectrum disorder during the COVID-19 quarantine scenario: physical activity, motor performance and enjoyment.

PURPOSE: People with autism spectrum disorder could benefit from physical activity during the pandemic and COVID-19 restrictions, mainly to maintain adequate physical activity. We aimed to evaluate the feasibility, enjoyment, and potential effect of telerehabilitation using a serious game named 'MoveHero'. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Registered in Clinical Trials (NCT04402034). We adopted a remotely run Telerehabilitation research design with 44 participants recruited: 22 People with ASD people and 22 non-ASD individuals. RESULTS: All participants safely participated, 100% adherence to sessions, ∼60% enjoying the task, and significantly improved performance, with better performance for the NA group at most practice moments. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings support both how to implement a gaming intervention and the need to investigate the efficacy of serious games to motivate moderate intensity physical activity in people with ASD.

A new and thrilling way to promote physical activity is through telerehabilitation to people with Autism Spectrum Disorder.A tool that can possibly influence the mood of people with Autism Spectrum Disorder.Help to implement home-based rehabilitation to people with Autism Spectrum Disorder.

A prática da corrida de rua recreativa no sudoeste do Paraná: um estudo sobre fatores motivacionais / The practice of recreational street running in the southwest of Paraná: a study on motivational factors / La práctica del carrera de calle recreativa en el suroeste de Paraná: um estudio sobre factores motivacionales

Objetivo: Analisar os aspectos motivacionais associados à prática da corrida de rua em corredores recreacionais do sudoeste do Paraná. Metodologia: Trata-se de um estudo com delineamento transversal e quantitativo. Participaram desta pesquisa 91 corredores recreacionais de ambos os sexos, com idade média de 38,4±10,2 anos. Foram utilizados como instrumentos de coleta de dadosuma ficha de características individuais e o Inventário de Motivação para a Prática de Atividade Física (IMPRAF-126). A Amostra foi dicotomizada em grupo adesão, com menos de um ano de prática e grupo permanência, com mais de um ano de prática. O teste de Friedman, a correção post hocde Bonferronie o teste de U-Mann-Whitney, foram utilizados para avaliar as diferenças entre as dimensões motivacionais. Resultados: A saúde (4,60±0,41) e o prazer (4,41±0,53)se apresentaram como os aspectos motivacionais mais fortes para a prática da corrida de rua, com diferença estatisticamente significativa (p<0,05) para os demais. O controle do estresse (3,99±0,67), a sociabilidade (3,83±0,83), e a estética (3,56±0,95) apresentaram escores motivacionais medianos, não diferindo estatisticamente entre si (p>0,05). A competitividade (2,42±0,98) foi o menor fator motivacional. Não foram encontradas diferenças significativas nas dimensões motivacionais entre os grupos de adesão e permanência. Conclusão: Os aspectos motivacionais com maior influência na prática da corrida de ruasão prazer e saúde, tanto para adesão, como para permanência na modalidade.

Objective: To analyze the motivational aspects associated with the practice of street running in recreational runners in southwestern Paraná. Methodology:This is a cross-sectional and quantitative study. 91 recreational runners of both genders, with a mean age of 38.4±10.2 years, participated in this research. A form of individual characteristics and the Inventory of Motivation for the Practice of Physical Activity (IMPRAF-126) were used as data collection instruments. The sample was dichotomized into an adherence group, with less than one year of practice, and a permanence group, with more than one year of practice. The Friedman test, the Bonferroni post hoc correction and the U-Mann-Whitney test were used to assess the differences between the motivational dimensions. Results: Health (4.60±0.41) and pleasure (4.41±0.53) were the strongest motivational aspects for the practice of street running, with a statistically significant difference (p<0. 05) for the others. Stress control (3.99±0.67), sociability (3.83±0.83), and aesthetics (3.56±0.95) showed median motivational scores, not statistically different from each other (p >0.05). Competitiveness (2.42±0.98) was the lowest motivational factor. No significant differences were found in the motivational dimensions between the adherence and permanence groups. Conclusion: The motivational aspects with the greatest influence on the practice of street running are pleasure and health, both for adherence and for staying in the modality.

Objetivo: Analizar los aspectos motivacionales asociados a la práctica de carrera de calleen corredores recreativos del suroeste de Paraná. Metodología: Se trata de un estudiotransversal y cuantitativo. Participaron de esta investigación 91 corredores recreativos de ambos sexos, con una edad media de 38,4±10,2 años. Se utilizó como instrumentos de recolección de datos un formulario de características individuales y el Inventario de Motivación para la Práctica de Actividad Física (IMPRAF-126). La muestra se dicotomizó en un grupo de adherencia, con menos de un año de práctica, y un grupo de permanencia, con más de un año de práctica. Se utilizaron la prueba de Friedman, la corrección post hoc de Bonferroni y la prueba de U-Mann-Whitney para evaluar las diferencias entre las dimensiones motivacionales. Resultados: La salud (4,60±0,41) y el placer (4,41±0,53) fueron los aspectos motivacionales más fuertes para la práctica de streetrunning, con diferencia estadísticamente significativa (p<0,05) para los demás. El control del estrés (3,99±0,67), la sociabilidad (3,83±0,83) y la estética (3,56±0,95) mostraron puntuaciones medianas de motivación, no estadísticamente diferentes entre sí(p >0,05). La competitividad (2,42±0,98) fue el factor motivacional más bajo. No se encontraron diferencias significativas en las dimensiones motivacionales entre los grupos de adherencia y permanencia. Conclusión: Los aspectos motivacionales que más influyen en la práctica de carrera de calleson el placer y la salud, tanto para la adherencia como para la permanencia en la modalidad.

Demandas e recursos para predição da síndrome de burnout em psicólogos clínicos / Demands and resources for burnout syndrome on clinical psychologists / Demandas y recursos para la predicción del síndrome de burnout en psicólogos clínicos

O modelo de demandas e recursos foi utilizado para identificar o poder preditivo do estilo pessoal do terapeuta e do trabalho emocional (demandas), e da inteligência emocional e autoeficácia profissional (recursos) sobre as dimensões da síndrome de Burnout (SB), em uma amostra de 240 psicólogos clínicos brasileiros. Os dados foram coletados por meio de plataforma online, tendo como instrumentos de pesquisa um Questionário de dados sociodemográficos e laborais, o Cuestionario para la Evaluación del Síndrome de Quemarse por el Trabajo, o Cuestionario del Estilo Personal del Terapeut, o Questionário de Avaliação Relacionado a Demandas Emocionais e Dissonância da Regra da Emoção, Medida de Inteligência Emocional, e Escala de Autoeficácia Geral Percebida. Os resultados obtidos revelaram um modelo preditor das dimensões da SB, constituído pelas variáveis dissonância emocional, automotivação, demandas emocionais, instrução, envolvimento e autoeficácia. Ressalta-se a relevância de estratégias voltadas para a prevenção da SB nessa categoria profissional, bem como a necessidade de ações que visem a promoção e o desenvolvimento da inteligência emocional e da autoeficácia como fortalecimento dos recursos emocionais para atuação na prática clínica.(AU)

The Model of Demands - Resources was used to identify the predictive power of therapist's personal style, emotional work (Demands), Emotional intelligence, and professional self-efficacy (Resources) over the Burnout syndrome dimensions in a sample of 240 Brazilian clinical psychologists. The data was collected by an on-line platform using a Labor and social demographic data questionnaire, a work Burnout Syndrome Evaluation questionnaire (CESQT - Cuestionario para la Evaluación del Síndrome de Quemarse por el Trabajo), the short version of the Therapist Personal Style Questionnaire (EPT-C Cuestionario del Estilo Personal del Terapeuta), an Evaluation questionnaire related to emotional demands and emotion rule dissonance, and the Emotional Intelligence Measure (EIM) and Perceived General Self-Efficacy Scale (GPSS) as research instruments. Results showed a predictor model of Burnout syndrome constituted by the variables Emotional dissonance, Self-motivation, Emotional demands, Instruction, Involvement, and Self-efficacy. We emphasize the relevance of strategies to prevent Burnout Syndrome in this professional category and the need for actions to promote and develop emotional intelligence and self-efficacy as a strengthening factor of the emotional resources to work as a clinical psychologist.(AU)

Se utilizó el modelo demandas y recursos para identificar el poder predictivo del estilo personal del terapeuta y del trabajo emocional (demandas), y de la inteligencia emocional y autoeficacia profesional (recursos) sobre las dimensiones del síndrome de Burnout (SB), en una muestra de 240 psicólogos clínicos brasileños. Los datos se recolectaron de una plataforma en línea, utilizando como instrumentos de investigación un cuestionario de datos sociodemográficos y laborales, el Cuestionario para la Evaluación del Síndrome de Quemarse por el Trabajo, el Cuestionario del Estilo Personal del Terapeuta, el Cuestionario de Evaluación Relacionado con Demandas Emocionales y Disonancia de la Regla de la Emoción, la Medida de Inteligencia Emocional y Escala de Autoeficacia General Percibida. Los resultados obtenidos revelaron un modelo predictor de las dimensiones de SB, constituido por las variables disonancia emocional, automotivación, exigencias emocionales, instrucción, implicación y autoeficacia. Se destaca la relevancia de las estrategias dirigidas a la prevención del SB en esta categoría profesional, así como la necesidad de acciones dirigidas a promover y desarrollar la inteligencia emocional y la autoeficacia como fortalecimiento de los recursos emocionales para trabajar en la práctica clínica.(AU)

Bons encontros e cidadania: os sentidos atribuídos ao serviço de convivência e fortalecimento de vínculos pelos(as) idosos(as) / Good meetings and citizenship: the meanings attributed to the service of coexistence and strengthening of bonds (serviço de convivência e fortalecimento de vínculos) by older adults / Buenos encuentros y ciudadanía: los significados atribuidos al servicio de convivencia y fortalecimiento de lazos por los adultos mayores

Este artigo tem como objetivo analisar os dados produzidos por uma pesquisa qualitativa que investigou os sentidos atribuídos ao Serviço de Convivência e Fortalecimento de Vínculos (SCFV) por seus usuários(as) em Florianópolis/SC. Por meio da observação participante realizada em um SCFV durante três meses e da aplicação de uma entrevista coletiva com idosos(as), este artigo traz algumas análises sobre os processos de significação vivenciados por esses sujeitos. Apoiados na perspectiva sócio-histórica, elaboramos dois eixos de significação, que serão discutidos neste artigo: 1) Intersubjetividade e vínculo: o SCFV como "lugar acolhedor" e de "bons encontros"; 2) O(a) idoso(a) e os processos de exclusão: o SCFV como promotor da cidadania. Em termos de resultados, é possível afirmar que esse espaço se configura como um lugar importante na vida desses(as) idosos(as) - onde eles(as) se sentem acolhidos, ouvidos e reconhecidos como sujeitos. Além do fato de esse espaço ser marcado por afetos e "bons encontros", o grupo também o revelou como um lugar potente para processos de reflexão e questionamento contra as diversas formas de segregação e violências vividas cotidianamente por ele.(AU)

This study aims to analyze the data produced by qualitative research that investigated the meanings attributed to the Service of Coexistence and Strengthening of Bonds (Serviço de Convivência e Fortalecimento de Vínculos - SCFV) by its users in the municipality of Florianópolis. By participant observation carried out in an SCFV for three months and the application of a collective interview with older adults, this study will bring some analysis of the processes of meaning experienced by these subjects. Sustained by the socio-historical perspective, we elaborated two axes of meaning to be discussed in this study : 1. Intersubjectivity and bonding: the SCFV as a "warm place" and "good meetings;" and 2. Older adults and processes of exclusion: the SCFV as a enhancer of citizenship. Results show that this space configures an important place in the lives of these older adults — a place in which they feel welcomed, heard, and recognized as subjects. In addition to the fact this space is marked by affections and "good meetings," the group also shows itself as a potent place for processes of reflection and questioning against the various forms of segregation and violence daily experienced by these people.(AU)

Este artículo tiene como objetivo analizar los datos producidos por un estudio cualitativo sobre los significados atribuidos al Servicio de Convivencia y Fortalecimiento de Lazos (SCFL) por sus usuarios en Florianópolis (Santa Catarina, Brasil). Desde la observación participante realizada en un SCFL durante el período de tres meses y desde la aplicación de una entrevista colectiva con personas mayores, este artículo presenta algunos análisis sobre los procesos de significado vividos por estos sujetos. Apoyados en la perspectiva sociohistórica, elaboramos dos ejes de significado que serán discutidos: 1) Intersubjetividad y vinculación: el SCFL como "lugar de acogida" y "buenos encuentros"; 2) Las personas mayores y los procesos de exclusión: el SCFV como promotor de ciudadanía. Los resultados permiten afirmar que este espacio se configura como un lugar importante en la vida de estas personas mayores, un lugar donde se sienten acogidos, escuchados y reconocidos como sujetos. Además de que este espacio está marcado por afectos y "buenos encuentros", el grupo también se reveló como un lugar propenso a procesos de reflexión y cuestionamiento frente a las diversas formas de segregación y violencia que viven a diario estas personas.(AU)

El secuestro de la voluntad: bases moleculares de los cambios plásticos en la adicción / The hijacking of the will: molecular bases of plastic changes in addiction

Todas las drogas de abuso tienen en común la activación del sistema cerebral del placer. Los análisis imagenológicos han arrojado resultados de cambios estructurales en el cerebro de adictos a la cocaína e imágenes cerebrales en sujetos adictos muestran una disminución de la producción de dopamina que lleva a que la acción esté notoriamente amortiguada en relación con controles. Los estudios estructurales han mostrado reducciones de volumen de la sustancia gris y alteraciones circuitales de la sustancia blanca en el lóbulo frontal de adictos. La transición del uso recreativo a la adicción se asocia con cambios en la función de las neuronas que se acumulan con la administración repetida. La exposición crónica a la cocaína provoca aumentos de la arborización y de la densidad de las espinas dendríticas. El aumento de capacidad sináptica, ante el estímulo subcortical de una nueva presencia de la droga, toma el control de las funciones ejecutivas, «secuestrando¼ la capacidad de la voluntad consciente.

The activation of of the brain pleasure system is common to all abuse drugs. Imaging analyses have shown structural changes in the brain of cocaine addicts and a reduction of dopamine production which causes attenuation of its action when compared to control subjects. Structural studies in these patients show gray matter reduction and circuitry changes in frontal lobe white matter. Transition from recreational use to addiction is associated with changes in neuronal function which accumulate with repeated administration. Chronic exposure to cocaine leads to an increase in arborization and density of dendritic spines. When faced with new subcortical presence of the drug, the increase of synaptic capacity takes control of executive functions, "sequestering" the capacity for conscious will.

Do Narcisismo das Pequenas Diferenças ao Gozo Narcísico / From the Narcissism of Small Differences to Narcissistic Jouissance / Del Narcisismo de las Pequeñas Diferencias al Goce Narcisista

A proposta desse ensaio é retomar a incursão de Freud, a partir da Primeira Guerra Mundial, na fonte do sofrimento que vem das relações entre os humanos, indicando a novidade que significou o conceito de narcisismo das pequenas diferenças na apreensão dos movimentos coletivos que declaram uma inócua expressão de hostilidade ao outro, ou os que promulgam ações destrutivas e mortíferas contra o outro eleito como seu inimigo absoluto. Com o advento da pulsão de morte, Freud redimensiona o conceito de narcisismo das pequenas diferenças e introduz a ideia de que a satisfação das pulsões que atingem a mais cega fúria de destruição, está conectada a um gozo [Genuß] narcísico. Esse gozo, na leitura de Lacan, é um mal porque comporta um mal à alteridade. É com esse legado que nos propomos pensar a extensão da psicanálise ao discurso decolonial e outros discursos contra hegemônicos, através do diálogo interdisciplinar, na leitura das linguagens de ódio que enfrentamos em nossa época.

The purpose of this essay is to resume Freud's incursion, from the First World War, on the source of the suffering that comes from the relationships between humans, indicating the novelty that meant the concept of narcissism of small differences in the apprehension of collective movements that declare an innocuous expression of hostility to the other, or those who enact destructive and deadly actions against the other chosen as their absolute enemy. With the advent of the death drive, Freud re-dimensions the concept of narcissism of small differences and introduces the idea that the satisfaction of drives that reach the blindest fury of destruction is connected to a narcissistic jouissance [Genuß]. This jouissance, in Lacan's reading, is an evil because it entails an evil to alterity. It is with this legacy that we propose to think about the extension of psychoanalysis to the decolonial discourse and other counter-hegemonic discourses, through interdisciplinary dialogue, in the reading of the languages of hate that we face in our time.

El propósito de este ensayo es retomar la incursión de Freud, desde la Primera Guerra Mundial, sobre el origen del sufrimiento que proviene de las relaciones entre los humanos, señalando la novedad que significó el concepto de narcisismo de las pequeñas diferencias en la aprehensión de los movimientos colectivos que declaran una expresión inocua de hostilidad hacia el otro, o los que ejecutan acciones destructivas y mortíferas contra el otro elegido como su enemigo absoluto. Con el advenimiento de la pulsión de muerte, Freud redimensiona el concepto de narcisismo de las pequeñas diferencias e introduce la idea de que la satisfacción de las pulsiones que alcanzan la más ciega furia de destrucción está ligada a un goce narcisista [Genuß]. Este goce, en la lectura de Lacan, es un mal porque implica un mal a la alteridad.Es con este legado que nos proponemos pensar la extensión del psicoanálisis al discurso decolonial y otros discursos contrahegemónicos, a través del diálogo interdisciplinario, en la lectura de los lenguajes de odio que enfrentamos en nuestro tiempo.

Neguentropia Algorítmica e a Gestão Digital do Gozo / Algorithmic Negentropy and the Digital Management of Jouissance / La Negentropia Algorítmica y la Gestión Digital del Goce

O algoritmo digital permitiu o manejo de dados dos usuários da web pelos conglomerados informacionais. De forma discreta e personalizada, a nova forma de governamentalidade coleta, organiza, permuta e devolve os dados ao próprio indivíduo na forma de mais informações. Cada vez mais, esbarra na dimensão singular, tocando o campo do gozo via proliferação de objetos a que, na teoria lacaniana dos discursos, assume a dupla função de perda e de incessante tentativa de suplementação de gozo. Com o incremento informacional, o objeto chega ao ápice social e o digital alcança patamar discursivo. Inserindo-se no mesmo nicho do saber, a informação digital se aproveita da divisão subjetiva, deixando pouco espaço para que o sujeito possa lidar com a entropia de seu gozo via desejo. Se a neguentropia é o atributo do saber que limita a dispersão de gozo, na informação tratada e retornada algoritmicamente tal processo sofre uma aceleração, agindo diretamente sobre a economia dos afetos. Com prejuízo para o sujeito, resta uma experiência de gozo cada vez mais direta, crua, menos mediatizada pelo saber e pelo Outro.

The digital algorithm has allowed the management of data from web users by informational conglomerates. In a discreet and personalized way, the new form of governmentality collects, organizes, exchanges and returns data to the individual in the form of more information. More and more, it comes up against the singular dimension, touching the field of jouissance via the proliferation of objects a which, in the Lacanian theory of discourses, assumes the double function of loss and an incessant attempt to supplement jouissance. With the increase in information, the object reaches the social apex and the digital reaches a discursive level. Inserting itself in the same niche of know [savoir], digital information takes advantage of the subjective division, leaving little space for the subject to deal with the entropy of his jouissance via desire. If negentropy is the attribute of savoir that limits the dispersion of jouissance, in the information processed and returned algorithmically this process is accelerated, acting directly on the economy of affections. To the detriment of the subject, what remains is an experience of jouissance that is increasingly direct, raw, less mediated by savoir and the Other.

El algoritmo digital permitió la gestión de datos de los usuarios de la web por parte de conglomerados informativos. De forma discreta y personalizada, la nueva forma de gubernamentalidad recolecta, organiza, intercambia y devuelve datos al individuo en forma de más información. Cada vez más, choca con la dimensión singular, tocando el campo del goce a través de la proliferación de objetos a que, en la teoría lacaniana de los discursos, asume la doble función de pérdida y de intento incesante de complementar el goce. Con el aumento de la información, el objeto alcanza el ápice social y lo digital alcanza un nivel discursivo. Insertándose en el mismo nicho del conocimiento, la información digital aprovecha la división subjetiva, dejando poco espacio para que el sujeto gestione la entropía de su goce vía deseo. Si la negentropía es el atributo del saber que limita la dispersión del goce, en la información procesada y devuelta algorítmicamente, este proceso se acelera, actuando directamente sobre la economía de los afectos. En detrimento del sujeto, lo que queda es una experiencia de goce cada vez más directa, cruda, menos mediatizada por el saber y el Otro.

Sexualidade feminina e os usos de sex toys / Sex toys and female sexuality / La sexualidad femenina y los usos de juguetes sexuales

Sex toys nem sempre foram utilizados visando prazeres sexuais, mas também como instrumentos terapêuticos e/ou de dominação. O objetivo dessa pesquisa foi compreender significados dos usos dos sex toys por mulheres. Quinze mulheres cisgêneras responderam a uma entrevista cujos conteúdos foram organizados em duas categorias analisadas a partir dos argumentos sobre contrassexualidade e sociedade farmacopornográfica. Os principais resultados destacaram aspectos positivos (produção do prazer, da saúde e do empoderamento; novas experiências sexuais; autoconhecimento) e negativos (custo; culpabilização; julgamentos) no uso dos sex toys. Destacam-se as potencialidades destes objetos enquanto produtores de transformações nos esquemas normalizadores do dispositivo da sexualidade. (AU)

Sex toys have not always been used as objects of sexual pleasure, but also as therapeutic instruments of male domination. The objective of this research was to understand the meanings of the uses of sex toys by women. Fifteen cisgender women participated in this research and their answers were organized into two categories analyzed from arguments about counter-sexuality and pharmacopornographic society. The main results highlighted positive aspects (sexual pleasure, mental health, and female empowerment; new sexual experiences; self-knowledge) and negative aspects (high cost; guilt for masturbation; judgment by others) in the use of sex toys. We highlight the potential of these objects as producers of sexuality dispositive. (AU)

Los juguetes sexuales no siempre se han utilizado como objetos de placer sexual, sino también como instrumentos terapéuticos y/o de dominación masculina. El objetivo de esta investigación fue comprender los significados de los usos de los juguetes sexualespor las mujeres. Quince mujeres cisgénero participaron de una entrevista y sus respuestas fueron organizadas a partir de un análisis de contenido temático en dos categorías analizadas a partir de argumentos sobre la contra-sexualidad y la sociedad farmacopornográfica. Los principales resultados destacaron los aspectos positivos (producción de placer sexual, salud mental y empoderamiento femenino; nuevas experiencias sexuales; autoconocimiento) y los negativos (alto coste; sentimiento de culpa por la masturbación; juicio de terceros y familiares) en el uso de juguetes sexuales. Destacamos el potencial de estos joguetes sexuales como productores de transformaciones en los esquemas de normalización del dispositivo de sexualidad. (AU)

Are healthiness and pleasure dimensions perceived similarly by people with food addiction in Brazil? A case study using holistic sensory methodologies.

The relationship between the consumption of hyper-palatable ultra-processed foods and the process of addiction gains notoriety due to its relationship with obesity. Food addiction is a complex phenomenon intrinsically related to the individual's behavioral, emotional, and subjective aspects. Therefore, using classical approaches to sensory science may be insufficient to understand better the individual's sensory experience with hyper-palatable foods. In this context, sensory and consumer science techniques with holistic approaches have been aimed at accessing more subjective consumer perceptions. This study used the Yale Food Addiction Scale (YFAS 2.0) to investigate the prevalence of food addiction and the Structured Projective Mapping (S-MP) and Sorting techniques to verify how individuals with and without food addiction perceive and understand different types of food. The prevalence of food addiction was 21.77% (n = 59 out of 271) and was associated with a higher BMI but not with sociodemographic aspects. Projective Mapping (RV = 0.937) and Sorting (RV = 0.934) indicated that perception in relation to attributes such as health and pleasure was similar for all investigated foods in individuals with or without food addiction. The presence of addictive eating behavior does not seem to be related to the way individuals perceive foods from different categories, for example, minimally or highly processed and hyper-palatable foods.

Pleasure and suffering of nursing in COVID-19 hospital units: between disenchantment and formation of meanings.

OBJECTIVE: to analyze the experiences of pleasure and suffering of nursing workers in COVID-19 hospital units. METHODS: a multicenter, qualitative study, developed with 35 nursing workers from COVID-19 units in seven hospitals in southern Brazil. Data were produced through semi-structured interviews, submitted to thematic content analysis with the help of NVivo. RESULTS: experiences of pleasure were linked to gratification, identification with work content, positive results in care, recognition, integration with the team and personal overcoming. Suffering was revealed in daily life of deaths and losses, feelings of helplessness, team conflicts, institutional demands, professional devaluation. Workers reported disenchantment, but also strengthening the meaning of their work, highlighting frontline impacts on their mental health. FINAL CONSIDERATIONS: in the dynamics between pleasure and suffering in nursing work in COVID-19 hospital units, elements point to the risk of psychological illness.

Drop-Set Resistance Training versus Pyramidal and Traditional Sets Elicits Greater Psychophysiological Responses in Men.

We compared the effects of resistance training (ResisT) to pyramidal and traditional weightlifting sets on men's psychophysiological responses. In a randomized crossover design, 24 resistance-trained males performed drop-set, descending pyramid, and traditional ResisT in the barbell back squat, 45° leg press, and seated knee extension. We assessed participants' rating of perceived exertion (RPE) and feelings of pleasure/displeasure (FPD) at the end of each set and at 10, 15, 20, and 30 minutes post-session. No differences were detected across ResisT Methods in total training volume (p = 0.180). Post hoc comparisons revealed that drop-set training elicited higher RPE (M 8.8 SD 0.7 arbitrary units) and lower FPD (M -1.4 SD 1.5 arbitrary units) values compared to descending pyramid (M Set RPE 8.0 SD 0.9 arbitrary units and M Set FPD 0.4 SD 1.6 arbitrary units) and traditional set (M Set RPE 7.5 SD 1.1 arbitrary units and M Set FPD 1.3 SD 1.2 arbitrary units) schemes (p < 0.05). In addition, drop-set training elicited higher session RPE (M 8.1 SD 0.8 arbitrary units) and lower session FPD (M 0.2 SD 1.4 arbitrary units) values than descending pyramid and traditional ResisT (p < 0.001). Similarly, descending pyramid training elicited higher session RPE (M 6.6 SD 0.9 arbitrary units) and lower session FPD (M 1.2 SD 1.4 arbitrary units) than traditional set (M Session RPE 5.9 SD 0.8 arbitrary units and M Session FPD 1.5 SD 1.2 arbitrary units) training (p = 0.015). No differences were found in the temporality of post-session metrics, suggesting that testing 10 and 15 minutes post-ResisT was sufficient to assess session RPE (p = 0.480) and session FPD (p = 0.855), respectively. In conclusion, even with similar total training volume, drop-set training elicited more pronounced psychophysiological responses than either pyramidal or traditional ResisT in resistance-trained males.

Between risk and pleasure: reflections on HIV prevention and care in the current context of PrEP use by men who have sex with men.

This study offers a set of reflections on the relationship between risk and pleasure in the field of HIV prevention and care, as it mediates new biomedical prevention/care technologies, particularly pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP), among men who have sex with men (MSM). We begin by investigating some studies about condomless sex between men, more specifically barebacking and PrEP use among young MSM. We base our analysis on the assumption that PrEP, as one of these new actants, has reconfigured the field of HIV prevention/care, especially in relation to the dimensions of risk and pleasure, with the potential to considerably reduce the chances of HIV infection while enabling maximum pleasure and a sense of greater safety and freedom. Despite this progress, we also problematize some of the ambivalences, tensions, and moral conflicts that still exist in the field of prevention, especially the potential for condomless sex. Finally, taking a praxiographic perspective on health care and foregrounding the situated practices of human and non-human actors/actants in interaction, we consider HIV/AIDS prevention as a more fluid, non-linear, erratic phenomenon that involves multiple types of knowledge, feelings, and participations, and is open to different kinds of experimentation. Besides a "logic of choice", we hold that health care is a permeable, continuous process that is enacted in situated practices and may produce different effects in response to a heterogeneous network of interactions.

Autonomous sensory meridian response is associated with a larger heartbeat-evoked potential amplitude without differences in interoceptive awareness.

Autonomous sensory meridian response (ASMR) describes the experience of a pleasant body sensation accompanied by a feeling of well-being and relaxation in response to specific audiovisual stimuli, such as whispers and personal attention. Previous work suggests a relationship between this experience with the processing of affective and body states; however, no research has explored differences in interoception between people experiencing ASMR and those who do not. We hypothesized that the ASMR experience is based on interoception processing. To test this, we assessed group differences across different dimensions of interoception: Interoceptive sensibility (IS), measured using the multidimensional assessment of interoceptive awareness (MAIA); Interoceptive accuracy score (IAS), measured by calculating performance in a heartbeat counting task (HCT), and the electrophysiological index of interoception, the heartbeat evoked potential (HEP), which was calculated during the HCT and an ASMR tingle reporting task (ASMR-TRT). Our results showed that IS and IAS, dimensions requiring conscious awareness, showed no differences between groups. However, HEP amplitude was larger in the ASMR group in both tasks. We concluded that the ASMR experience is based on an unconscious interoceptive mechanism, reflected by HEP, where exteroceptive social-affective stimuli are integrated to represent a body state of positive affective feelings and relaxation, as has been described for affective touch. The relevance of this finding relies on that interoceptive function, body regulation, and emotional/affective experiences are fundamental for well-being, and the relationship between ASMR and interoception opens the way to future research exploring the causal relationship between them and their potential clinical applications.

Emotionally subjective reactivity to cervical cytology pictures is modulated by expertise.

Our aims were to create a catalog of cytological pictures and to evaluate the valence (level of pleasantness/unpleasantness) and arousal (level of calm/excitement) of these pictures in individuals with different occupations. The sample consisted of medical and law college students and cytopathologists. Valence and arousal score for general pictures were not modulated by expertise in cytology. However, students judged the cytological pictures to be lower in valence and in arousal than the cytopathologists. The cytopathologists classified cytological pictures with lesions as lower in valence and higher in arousal than cytological pictures without lesions.

The pleasantness and unpleasantness of an object distinctively drives its grasping prediction: behavioral evidence.

Action and perception share a common sensorimotor network permitting a functional action-perception coupling. This coupling would permit to predict the outcome of others' actions. Moreover, recent findings suggest that action-perception linkage could be sensitive to emotional content of the visual scene. The present study sought to address how emotion inherent to an object (pleasantness and unpleasantness) affects action prediction processing. To this end, we compared the participants' temporal estimative of the hand contact with emotional objects in occlusion and full vision conditions. We found that the emotion strongly interfered in the prediction of its grasping. Indeed, the participants highly anticipated the touch instant for unpleasant valence compared to pleasant and neutral ones. Moreover, the visual conditions (i.e., occlusion and full vision) affect the magnitude of the predictive error except to unpleasant object. Accordingly, the present results unveil that pleasantness and unpleasantness of an object distinctively drive the prediction of its touch instant.

O sexo em psicanálise como ontologia negativa / El sexo en el psicoanálisis como ontología negativa / Sex in psychoanalysis as a negative ontology

RESUMO O objetivo deste artigo é defender a tese de que o sexo em psicanálise apresenta caráter ontologicamente negativo. Desde Freud, sabemos que sexo não se restringe a práticas específicas nem se aferra a objetos predeterminados - sexo é encarado como pulsional; sendo assim, perverso, polimorfo e infantil. Desta feita, trata-se de um objeto não positivado e que se manifesta em fenômenos negativos, como as formações do inconsciente - sexo, inconsciente e não saber estão intimamente associados. O impasse ontológico radical concernente ao sexo compõe os desenvolvimentos lacanianos referentes ao desejo e ao gozo. Ater-se à espécie de negatividade que lhe é própria permite extrair outras consequências do aforismo 'não há relação sexual' - para além da ideia de obstáculo ou impedimento, problematiza-se a face ontológica negativa da não relação, correspondente à ligação entre simbólico e real e que pode ser formalizada no matema S (Ⱥ). O artigo também põe em destaque incidências clínicas desta proposta - reconhecer a irredutibilidade ontológica da negação nos desvia das determinações positivas que sustentam normatizações identitárias em horizonte clínico.

RESUMEN El objetivo de este artículo es defender la tesis de que el sexo en el psicoanálisis tiene un carácter ontológicamente negativo. Desde Freud hemos sabido que el sexo no se limita a prácticas específicas, ni se aferra a objetos predeterminados: el sexo es visto como pulsional; así, perverso, polimorfo e infantil. Esta vez, es un objeto no positivo que se manifiesta en fenómenos negativos, como las formaciones del inconsciente: el sexo, el inconsciente y el no-saber están estrechamente asociados. El impasse ontológico radical sobre el sexo constituye el desarrollo lacaniano sobre el deseo y el goce. Cumplir con su propio tipo de negatividad nos permite extraer otras consecuencias del aforismo 'no hay relación sexual': más allá de la idea de obstáculo o impedimento, el aspecto ontológicamente negativo de la no-relación, correspondiente al vínculo entre lo simbólico y lo real, se problematiza. Este marco teórico se puede formalizar en el matema S (Ⱥ). El artículo también destaca las implicaciones clínicas de esta propuesta: reconocer la irreductibilidad ontológica de la negación nos desvía de las determinaciones positivas que sustentan las normas de identidad en el horizonte clínico.

ABSTRACT The purpose of this article was to defend the thesis that sex in psychoanalysis has an ontologically negative character. Since Freud, we have known that sex is not limited to specific practices or attached to predetermined objects - sex is seen as instinctual; therefore, perverse, polymorphous and childish. In this case, it is a non-positivized object that manifests itself in negative phenomena, such as the formations of the unconscious - sex, unconscious and not-knowing are intimately associated. The radical ontological impasse concerning sex makes up the Lacanian developments concerning desire and jouissance. Keeping to the negativity that is proper to it allows to draw other consequences from the aphorism 'there is no sexual relationship' - in addition to the idea of obstacle or impediment, the negative ontological face of non-relation is problematized, corresponding to the link between symbolic and real, which can be formalized in the matheme S (Ⱥ). The article also highlights clinical incidences of this proposal - recognizing that ontological irreducibility of negation diverts us from positive determinations that support identity norms in the clinical horizon.