El papel mediador de la fuerza del compromiso entre los estilos de procesamiento de la identidad y el bienestar de jóvenes adultos emergentes / The mediating role of the strength of commitment between the styles of identity processing and the well-being of emerging young adults

Los estilos de identidad buscan conocer cómo las personas se manejan diariamente en las situaciones buscando un compromiso identitario. En este trabajo se propone conocer si los estilos de identidad varían según la edad y el sexo, y analizar la relación entre estos y la fuerza del compromiso con variables de bienestar y malestar psicológico. Método: 278 participantes (M = 22.03; DT = 2.65) reclutados a través de un muestreo no probabilístico por bola de nieve cumplimentaron los cuestionarios. Resultados: Las mujeres puntuaron más alto en fuerza del compromiso y ellos adoptaron más un estilo difuso-evitativo. El estilo informacional correlacionó positivamente con las variables de bienestar (optimismo y florecimiento); el estilo normativo con depresión y ansiedad y el estilo difuso-evitativo correlacionó positivamente con las variables de malestar (depresión, ansiedad y estrés) y negativamente con las de bienestar. Finalmente, a mayor fuerza del compromiso más bienestar y menos malestar. La fuerza del compromiso media parcial o totalmente la relación entre estilos identitarios y las variables de bienestar/malestar. Conclusiones: Se deduce la importancia de la fuerza del compromiso en el bienestar personal y la necesidad de favorecer el desarrollo de la identidad de nuestros jóvenes.(AU)

Background:Identity styles seek to know how people handle themselves daily in situations looking for an identity commitment. This ar-ticle aims to find out whether identity styles vary according to age and sex, and to analyze the relation between these identity styles and the strength of commitment with variables of well-being and psychological distress. In ad-dition, it investigates whether commitment mediates between identity styles, well-being and psychological distress.Method:278 participants (M = 22.03; DT = 2.65), recruited through a non-probabilistic snowball sam-pling, completed the questionnaires. Results:Women scored higher in strength of commitment and men adopted a more diffusive-avoidant style. Age did not relate to identity style. The informational stylecorrelated posi-tively with well-being variables (flourishing and optimism); the normative style with depression and anxiety and the diffuse-avoidant style correlated positively with psychological distress (depression, anxiety and stress) and negatively with well-being. Finally, the greater the strength of commitment found, the more flourishing and optimism and the less psychological dis-tress there was. The strength of commitment partially or totally mediated the relationship between identity styles and thevariables of well-being / psychological distress. Conclusions:The importance of the strength of com-mitment in personal well-being and the necessity to favour the develop-ment of young people ́s identity is observed / deduced.(AU)

Future expectations of adolescents from different social backgrounds / Expectativas de futuro de adolescentes procedentes de distintos contextos sociales

Este trabajo analiza las expectativas futuras durante la adolescencia y su relación con variables personales (edad, sexo, autoestima y satisfacción vital) y contextuales (apoyo social percibido y nivel de riesgo). La muestra está formada por 748 adolescentes, con edades comprendidas entre los 9 y 16 años (M = 11.93, SD = 1.42) procedentes de contextos con distinto nivel de riesgo social. Los resultados muestran que las expectativas futuras disminuyen a medida que aumenta la edad, con pocas diferencias encontradas en función del sexo. Autopercepciones y sentimientos de apoyo social más positivos se asocian a mejores expectativas futuras. En relación al nivel de riesgo, contextos más vulnerables tienen un efecto negativo en las expectativas futuras. Los análisis de regresión muestran la capacidad predictiva de las variables estudiadas. Finalmente, el modelo de ecuaciones estructurales confirma el efecto causal positivo del ajuste psicológico y del apoyo social percibido, así como la influencia negativa de los contextos con mayores desventajas sociales, sobre las expectativas de futuro. Los resultados encontrados proponen la necesidad de instaurar programas preventivos orientados a fomentar los recursos personales de los niños, especialmente en aquellos que pertenecen a contextos vulnerables.(AU)

This paper analyzes adolescents’ future expectations (FE) and their relationship with personal variables (age, sex, self-esteem, and life sat-isfaction) and contextual variables (perceived social support and level of risk). The sample includes 748 adolescents, aged 9-16 (M= 11.93, SD= 1.42), coming from contexts with different levels of social risk. The results show that FE decrease as age increases, with few differences found based on sex. More positive self-perceptions and perceived social support are as-sociated with better FE. Concerning the level of risk, more vulnerable con-texts have a higher negative effect on FE. The regression analysis reveals the predictive capacity of the studied variables. The structural equation model confirms the positive causal effect of psychological adjustment and perceived social support, as well as the negative influence of contexts with greater social disadvantages on adolescent FE. The results suggest the need to establish preventive programs aimed at promoting personal resources of children, especially those who come from vulnerable contexts.(AU)

Introduction to the Special Issue: Advancing Racial Justice in Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology.

Relative to White youth, racially and ethnically marginalized youth in the U.S. are less likely to initiate treatment, stay in treatment, and receive adequate care. This special issue attends to racial injustice in clinical child and adolescent psychology. While numerous factors drive these racial disparities, this special issue focuses specifically on opportunities and responsibilities we have as mental health providers, teachers, mentors, researchers, and gatekeepers to make our field more racially just. In this introduction to the special issue, we review barriers and solutions across multiple contexts including structural, institutional, and practice-based. We also discuss challenges and opportunities to diversify our field and increase the representation of racially and ethnically marginalized practitioners and scholars in clinical child and adolescent psychology. We then briefly review the special issue articles and make final recommendations for how to move the field forward.

Dismantling Structural Racism in Child and Adolescent Psychology: A Call to Action to Transform Healthcare, Education, Child Welfare, and the Psychology Workforce to Effectively Promote BIPOC Youth Health and Development.

The field of clinical child and adolescent psychology is in critical need of transformation to effectively meet the mental health needs of marginalized and minoritized youth. As a field, we must acknowledge and grapple with the racist and colonial structures that support the scientific foundation, education and training of psychologists, and the service systems currently in place to support youth mental health in this country. We argue that to effectuate change toward a discipline that centers inclusivity, intersectionality, anti-racism, and social justice, there are four interrelated systems, structures, or processes that currently support racial inequity and would need to be thoroughly examined, dismantled, and re-imagined: (1) the experience of mental health problems and corresponding access to quality care; (2) the school-to-mental healthcare pathway; (3) the child welfare and carceral systems; and (4) the psychology workforce. A "call to action" is issued to address structural racism in these systems and recommendations are provided to guide clinicians, health care systems, educators, welfare and carceral systems, and those involved in training and retaining psychologists in the field in actions they can take to contribute to transformation. We assert that change will only occur when we individually and collectively take responsibility for the roles we have as agents for radical change within the personal and professional contexts in which we live and work. Only then will the field of clinical child and adolescent psychology be able to address the youth mental health crisis and effectively promote the health and well-being of all children.

Efectividad de la aplicación del programa Echomantra en una adolescente con anorexia nerviosa y su familiar: Un estudio de caso / Effectiveness of the application of the Echomantra in an adolescent girl with anorexia nervosa and her caregiver: A case study

El programa ECHOMANTRA tiene como finalidad facilitar la transición de las pacientes con un trastorno de la conducta alimentaria desde el ingreso hospitalario a su vida cotidiana. Consta de una intervención para los/las familiares (ECHO; Treasure et al., 2015) y otra para las pacientes (MANTRA, Schmidt, et al, 2014). El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar la efectividad del programa ECHOMANTRA, aplicado junto al tratamiento usual, en una adolescente de 15 años con anorexia nerviosa (AN) y su madre. Se utilizó un diseño de caso único y medidas pre-post, con seguimiento a los 3 y 6 meses. En la paciente se evaluó: patología alimentaria (EDE-Q), estado emocional (DASS-21), ajuste psicosocial (EQ-5D-5L y el CIA 3.0) y motivación al cambio; y en la madre: emoción expresada (FQ), impacto de los síntomas (EDSIS), acomodación a la enfermedad (EAISA), estado emocional (DASS-21) y habilidades de cuidadora (CSS). Ambos programas constaban de 8 sesiones online individuales y semanales. Los resultados mostraron una reducción en la sintomatología de AN, aumento del IMC, mejora del estado emocional, motivación al cambio y ajuste psicosocial; y en la madre, mejoró el estado emocional y las habilidades de cuidado, y disminuyó la acomodación a la enfermedad, la emoción expresada y el impacto de los síntomas. Estos cambios se mantuvieron en el seguimiento. Ambas valoraron el programa como satisfactorio. La aceptabilidad y la eficiencia del tratamiento de la AN puede mejorarse utilizando el ECHOMANTRA para preparar la transición de la atención hospitalaria, apoyando a las pacientes y familiares. (AU)

The aim of the ECHOMANTRA program is to facilitate the transition from hospital back into the community. ECHOMANTRA is based on interventions for carers (Experienced Carers Helping Others, ECHO; Treasure et al. 2016) and patients (Maudsley Model of Anorexia Nervosa Treatment for Adults, MANTRA; Schmidt, et al., 2014). The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of the ECHOMANTRA program, applied together with the usual treatment, in a 15-yearold adolescent girl with anorexia nervosa (AN) and her mother. A single case design and pre-post measures were used, as well as follow-up at 3 and 6 months. The patient was assessed for: eating pathology (EDE-Q), emotional state (DASS-21), psychosocial adjustment (EQ-5D-5L and CIA 3.0) and motivation to change. In the mother: expressed emotion (FQ), symptom impact (EDSIS), accommodation to illness (EAISA), emotional state (DASS-21) and her caregiver skills (CSS) were assessed. Both programs consisted of 8 on-line sessions, which were conducted individually and on a weekly basis. The results showed a reduction in AN symptomatology, increased BMI, improved emotional state, motivation to change and psychosocial adjustment; and in the mother, improved emotional state and caregiving skills, and reduced accommodation to illness, expressed emotion and the impact of symptoms. These changes were maintained at follow-up. Both patient and family valued the program as satisfactory. Both the acceptability and efficiency of treatment for AN may be improved by using ECHOMANATRA to prepare for transition from inpatient care, by giving support to both patients and their carers. (AU)

Diversifying Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology: A Change Gonna Come.

OBJECTIVES: Workforce diversity is an ongoing challenge in the field of clinical child and adolescent psychology. This article discusses individual, institutional, and nonspecific factors that contribute to a lack of diversity among clinical child and adolescent psychologists and offers suggestions to diversify and advance the field of clinical child and adolescent mental health. METHOD: Seventeen professors, licensed psychologists, faculty, and clinicians in the field of clinical child and adolescent psychology answered questions about workforce diversity and who is permitted access to the field. No formal research was conducted. RESULTS: Individual factors included: racial discrimination and microaggressions, feelings of isolation, otherness, and not belonging. Institutional factors included: racism in academia, racial underrepresentation, ethnocentric and culturally-biased training, biased admissions selection processes, financial barriers, and lack of institutional commitment. Nonspecific factors were: values misalignment, hidden expectations, suboptimal mentoring, and limited research opportunities. CONCLUSIONS: Drawing on recent scholarship and the Contexts, Actions, and Outcomes (CAO) Model, we recommend institutional changes in programs, policies, practices, resources, climate, partnerships, and inquiry to improve diversity in the field of clinical child and adolescent psychology.

Exploring Malaysian parents' and teachers' cultural conceptualization of adolescent social and emotional competencies: A qualitative formative study.

Introduction: Global implementation of social and emotional learning (SEL) has been suggested to incorporate a systematic cultural adaptation process which relies on ground-up empirical data of a target cultural group in tailoring a culturally sensitive SEL intervention. Preliminary formative studies among local parents and educators were done to explore the conceptualization of social and emotional competencies (SECs) in various cultural settings, such as the continent of Africa and among the indigenous and refugee groups. Unfortunately, little scholarship has been devoted to studying the SEL adaptation process in Southeast Asian regions. This formative study aimed to explore Malaysian parents' and teachers' cultural conceptualization of adolescent SECs. Methods: This qualitative study interviewed 12 Malaysian parents and 10 Malaysian teachers comprising of Malay (82%), Chinese (9%) and Indian (9%) races in an online focus group discussion. Sampling is purposive to parents of adolescents and teachers at secondary school only. Data were analyzed thematically to determine the culturally sensitive SEL constructs for Malaysian adolescents. Results: All themes and sub-themes of SEC regarded as crucial for Malaysian adolescents are aligned with CASEL's five domains of competencies. Our findings extended the conceptualization of subskills under CASEL's relationship skills and responsible decision-making domains, which reflect Asian cultural values. The main themes of social competency: (a) preserving interpersonal relationships, (b) utilizing intrapersonal skills, and (c) communicating effectively, are shared with the established CASEL constructs. However, the underlying subthemes denote the unique cultural manifestation of social competency in Malaysia. Two of the emotional competency themes represent the established CASEL constructs: (a) practicing self-regulation, (b) demonstrating help-seeking behavior, and the other two themes signify Asian values: (c) upholding altruism, and (d) maintaining cultural display rules. Discussions: This formative study revealed the habitual use of experiential and expressive suppressions as adaptive emotion regulation strategies in Malaysian collectivist culture and offered a potential alternative emotion regulation pathway suitable for Malaysian adolescents. It also informed the feasibility of implementing SEL modules developed based on the CASEL framework in Malaysia and suggested two key lessons to enhance the cultural sensitivity of SEL in Malaysia: effective, respectful communication and expressive writing.

Influencia de las redes sociales en la autoestima, imagen corporal y satisfacción corporal de adolescentes y jóvenes / Influence of social networks on the self-esteem, body image and body satisfaction of adolescents and young persons

Objetivo: explorar la relación del uso de las redes sociales (RRSS) con la autoestima, la imagen corporal y la satisfacción corporal de adolescentes y adultos jóvenes.Métodos: se llevó a cabo una revisión narrativa. La búsqueda bibliográfica se realizó en las bases de datos PubMed, CINAHL y PsycInfo de artículos publicados en el periodo 2017-2022, usando los descriptores “young adult”, “adolescent”, “social media”, “body dissatisfaction”, “body image” y “self-concept”, así como lenguaje natural. Se incluyeron los artículos con muestra de población masculina y/o femenina entre 12-30 años, que incluyese RRSS de manera genérica o alguna específica (Instagram, TikTok y/o Facebook), que analizara la relación de las RRSS y algunos de los siguientes constructos: autoestima, imagen corporal y/o satisfacción/insatisfacción corporal de manera individual o en su conjunto.Resultados: de los 536 registros iniciales, 29 artículos cumplieron los criterios de selección y fueron revisados en profundidad. Los hallazgos se agruparon en cuatro temas relacionados con los constructos a estudio: comparación social, retroalimentación, dedicación y tendencias en RRSS.Conclusión: las RRSS tienen un efecto negativo sobre la satisfacción corporal y la imagen corporal, aunque el impacto sobre la autoestima está influido por la retroalimentación recibida en las imágenes publicadas y el tiempo invertido. La nueva corriente #bodypositive se relaciona con mayor bienestar psicológico, social y emocional, hábitos más saludables y mejoras en el autocuidado, además de ser un factor protector frente a la insatisfacción corporal. Es necesario desarrollar intervenciones de Enfermería de promoción y prevención de la salud en el entorno escolar y comunitario en función de los hallazgos.(AU)

Objective: to explore the relationship between the use of social networks and the self-esteem, body image and body satisfaction of adolescents and young adults.Methods: a narrative review was conducted. There was a bibliographic search in the PubMed, CINAHL and PsycInfo databases, for articles published during the 2017-2022 period, using the descriptors “young adult”, “adolescent”, “social media”, “body dissatisfaction”, “body image” and “self-concept”; as well as natural language. Articles with a male and/or female population sample between 12 and 30 years of age were included., with social networks mentioned generically or specifically (Instagram, TikTok and/or Facebook), and analysing the relationship between social networks and some of the following constructs: self-esteem, corporal image, and/or body satisfaction/dissatisfaction, either individually or as a whole.Results: out of the 536 initial records, 29 articles met the selection criteria and were reviewed in depth. Findings were grouped into four themes associated with the constructs to be studied: social comparison, feedback, dedication, and trends in social networks.Conclusion: social networks have a negative impact on body satisfaction and body image, although their impact on self-esteem is influenced by the feedback received for the images published and the time invested. The new #bodypositive trend is associated with higher psychological, social and emotional wellbeing, healthier habits and improvements in self-care, as well as being a protective factor against body dissatisfaction. It is necessary to develop Nursing interventions for health promotion and prevention in the school and community settings, based on these findings.(AU)

The state of psychological treatments for social anxiety disorder in children and adolescents: An Umbrella Review / Estado de los tratamientos psicológicos para el Trastorno de Ansiedad Social en población infanto-juvenil: Revisión de revisiones

Social Anxiety Disorder (SAD) is a very common disorder in childhood and adolescence. Many studies have examined various types of CognitiveBehavioral Therapy (CBT), meaning there is a need for a study exploring the efficacy of CBT. The objectives of this study are to determine whattreatments and factors can improve treatment outcomes for SAD. We performed an umbrella review of the effectiveness of psychological interventions in treating SAD in children and adolescents. Nine databases were searched using a combination of keywords. Risk of bias was assessed usingAMSTAR-2. Six systematic reviews and meta-analysis were selected and reported. All of those studies assessed the efficacy of CBT in children andadolescents with SAD, demonstrating its short- and long-term effectiveness. The components that seem to be most effective are exposure in anymodality and social skills training. Other considerations to take into account are addressed in the discussion. (AU)

El Trastorno de Ansiedad Social (TAS) es un trastorno muy común en la infancia y adolescencia. Muchos estudios han analizado los diferentes tipos de TerapiaCognitivo-Conductual (TCC) para dicho trastorno, pero ello hace necesario estudiar la eficacia de TCC. El objetivo de esta revisión de revisioneses determinar que tratamientos y que factores son más eficaces para el TAS en población infanto-juvenil. Se realizó una revisión de revisiones sobrela efectividad de las intervenciones psicológicas para tratar el TAS en niños y adolescentes. Para ello, se realizó una búsqueda en nueve bases dedatos utilizando una combinación de palabras clave. El riesgo de sesgo se evaluó mediante la herramienta AMSTAR-2. Se seleccionaron y analizaronseis revisiones sistemáticas y meta-análisis. Todos los estudios seleccionados evaluaron la eficacia de la TCC en niños y adolescentes con SAD,demostrando su efectividad a corto y largo plazo. Los componentes que parecen ser más efectivos son la exposición en cualquier modalidad y elentrenamiento en habilidades sociales. Otras consideraciones a tener en cuenta se abordan en la discusión. (AU)

Let’s Talk About Suicide Spectrum in Spanish Adolescents. "Prefer not to say": Missing Value or Clinical Data? / Hablemos de Espectro Suicida en Adolescentes Españoles. "No Deseo Contestar": ¿Valor Perdido o Dato Clínico?

Background: Suicide is the second leading cause of death in young people aged 15-29 in Spain. It is imperativeto detect cases with suicidal risk for early intervention. The purpose of the study was to examine the self-reportedpresence of suicide spectrum indicators using a trichotomous rating scale: no, yes, prefer not to say. This last alternativewas intended to safeguard the sensitive nature of the phenomenon and explore its clinical character. Method: 5,528adolescents made up the definitive sample (12-18 years; M ± SD = 14.20 ± 1.53; 50.74% female). Results: Prevalencereached 15.38% for ideation, 9.32% for planning, and 3.65% for previous suicide attempts. Girls’ rates were twicethose of men. Suicidality showed a tendency to increase with age. Adolescents with the presence of suicidal indicators(yes) and omission of response (prefer not to say) both had lower levels of socioemotional strength and subjective well-being, and higher levels of psychopathology than the group with the absence of markers (no). Conclusions: Prefer notto say is a response category that increases the sensitivity of the self-report, allowing more accurate identification ofcases with a high suicidal risk that would go unnoticed by the traditional dichotomous system (no-yes).(AU)

Antecedentes: En España, el suicidio constituye la segunda causa de muerte en jóvenes de 15 a 29 años. Es imperativa ladetección de casos con riesgo suicida para una intervención temprana. El objetivo del estudio fue examinar la presenciaautoinformada de indicadores del espectro suicida en adolescentes mediante una escala de respuesta tricotómica: no,sí, no deseo contestar. Incluir esta última alternativa pretendía salvaguardar la naturaleza sensible del fenómeno yexplorar su carácter clínico. Método: 5,528 adolescentes conformaron la muestra definitiva (12-18 años; M ± DT =14,20 ± 1,53; 50,74% mujeres). Resultados: Las prevalencias alcanzaron el 15.38% en ideación, 9,32% en planificacióny 3,65% en tentativas suicidas previas. Las mujeres duplicaron las cifras de los hombres. La suicidalidad mostró unatendencia a incrementar con la edad. Adolescentes con presencia de indicadores suicidas (sí) y omisión de respuesta (nodeseo contestar) obtuvieron, de forma equivalente, niveles inferiores en fortaleza socioemocional y bienestar subjetivo,y superiores en psicopatología, frente al grupo con ausencia de marcadores (no). Conclusiones: No deseo contestarconstituye una categoría de respuesta que incrementa la sensibilidad del autoinforme, permitiendo una identificación másprecisa de casos con alto riesgo suicida que pasarían desapercibidos mediante el sistema dicotómico tradicional (no-sí).(AU)

Underage Problem Gambling: With Whom, Where and Why / El Juego de Azar Problemático en Menores de Edad: Con Quién, Dónde y Por Qué

Background: Underage gambling is a widespread phenomenon with its own characteristics that differentiate it fromadult gambling. In addition, problem gambling has shown a remarkable prevalence in previous studies. The presentstudy examines underage gambling behaviour, studying its characteristics, as well as motivational and contextualaspects, and estimating the volume of problem gambling and possible moderating variables. Method: A sample of 9,681students aged between 12 and 17 years old reported their involvement in gambling and filled in the Brief AdolescentGambling Screen (BAGS), with 4,617 of them completing a questionnaire about gambling behaviours. Results:Almost a quarter (23.5%) of the students reported having gambled in their lifetime (16.2% in-person, 1.4% online and6% in both modalities), and 1.9% presented symptoms of problem gambling (BAGS ≥ 4). In-person gamblers preferredsport-betting machines, usually gambled in bars, and did not have their age checked. Online gamblers reported mainlysports betting, doing so on websites and paying with PayPal-like services and credit cards. Most gambled with friendsand to win money. Problem gamblers were similar but gambled more frequently. Conclusions: These results present animage of the gambling situation among minors and, more importantly, of its context and related variables.(AU)

Antecedentes: La participación de menores de edad en juegos de azar es un fenómeno extendido con característicasdiferenciales respecto a las personas adultas y muestra una elevada prevalencia. El presente estudio examina la conductade juego en menores, estudiando sus características, aspectos motivacionales y contextuales, el volumen de juegoproblemático y las posibles variables moderadoras. Método: La muestra está compuesta por 9.681 estudiantes de 12 a17 años que cumplimentaron el Brief Adolescent Gambling Screen (BAGS), 4.617 adolescentes completaron ademásun cuestionario sobre hábitos. Resultados: El 23,5% ha apostado alguna vez en su vida (presencial: 16,2%; online:1,4%; ambas: 6%) y el 1,9% presenta síntomas de juego problemático (BAGS≥4). Quienes juegan presencialmenteprefieren las máquinas de apuestas deportivas; suelen apostar en bares y generalmente sin acreditar su edad. Quienesjuegan online principalmente hacen apuestas deportivas, a través de páginas web y pagan con servicios tipo PayPal ytarjetas de crédito. Suelen apostar con amigos y para ganar dinero, aunque mayoritariamente reconocen que es pocoprobable que esto llegue a ocurrir. Los/as jugadores/as problemáticos muestran características similares, pero apuestancon mayor frecuencia. Conclusiones: Estos resultados muestran la situación del juego en menores y permite determinarsus variables contextuales relacionadas.(AU)

Compliance with COVID-19 Preventive Measures: The Role of Intelligence, the Dark Triad and Dysfunctional Impulsivity / Cumplimiento de Medidas Preventivas Asociadas a la COVID-19: El Rol de la Inteligencia, la Triada Oscura y la Impulsividad Disfuncional

Background: Although measures to prevent COVID-19 infection have been greatly relaxed in many countries, theyare still quite stringent in others. However, not all citizens comply with them to the same extent. Many studies showthe importance of personality traits in predicting compliance with these measures, but it is not so clear what the roleof intelligence is. Therefore, we aimed to assess whether intelligence is related to compliance with these measures,and what its predictive role is when considered together with the dark triad and dysfunctional impulsivity. Method:A total of 786 participants answered four questionnaires. We performed correlations, multiple regression analysis,and structural equation analysis. Results: Multiple regression analysis showed that psychopathy and dysfunctionalimpulsivity were the variables that contributed most to compliance, while intelligence contributed very little. The resultsof the structural equation modelling suggested that intelligence had only an indirect relationship with compliance,through its relationship with the negative personality traits dysfunctional impulsivity and the dark triad. Conclusions:Intelligence seems to modulate the relationship between negative personality traits and compliance. Therefore, moreintelligent people with negative personality traits would not tend to have such low levels of compliance.(AU)

Antecedentes: Las medidas para controlar la COVID-19 se han relajado en muchos países, pero algunos todavíamantienen medidas estrictas, aunque hay ciudadanos que las incumplen. Muchos estudios muestran la relevancia de losrasgos de personalidad en la predicción del cumplimiento, pero no está tan claro cuál es el rol de la inteligencia. Por eso,los objetivos eran evaluar si la inteligencia está relacionada con el cumplimiento, y cuál es su papel predictivo cuandose considera junto con la tríada oscura y la impulsividad disfuncional. Método: 786 participantes respondieron cuatrocuestionarios. Se realizaron correlaciones, regresión múltiple y análisis de ecuaciones estructurales. Resultados: Elanálisis de regresión mostró que la psicopatía y la impulsividad eran las variables con una mayor contribución, mientrasque la inteligencia contribuía de forma pobre. Los resultados del modelo de ecuaciones estructurales sugieren que lainteligencia tiene una relación indirecta con el cumplimiento, a través de su relación con la impulsividad disfuncionaly la tríada oscura. Conclusiones: La inteligencia parece modular la relación entre los rasgos negativos de personalidady el cumplimiento de las medidas preventivas, por lo que las personas más inteligentes, pero con rasgos negativos depersonalidad, no tenderían a tener niveles tan bajos de cumplimiento.(AU)

Physical Activity and Nighttime Sleep in Adolescents / Actividad Física y Sueño Nocturno en Adolescentes

Background: Previous studies show contradictory results regarding the bidirectional association between physicalactivity and nighttime sleep. The objective of the present study was to add knowledge to these possible relationshipsusing autoregressive models. Method: 214 adolescents (117 boys and 97 girls), with a mean age of 13.31 years agreedto participate. The study variables were measured with accelerometers for 7 full days over three consecutive years. ThemlVAR package was used to compute estimates from multivariate vector autoregression models. Results: The 5-delaymodels showed a better fit. Autoregressive effects were observed in sleep onset, sleep offset and sedentary behavior,which could explain the relationships found in previous studies between physical activity and sleep. Sleep onset,total sleep time, and sleep efficiency had direct effects on sedentary behavior. Moderate-to-vigorous physical activitywas not related to any of the sleep variables. Conclusions: The hypothesis that there are bidirectional/reciprocalrelationships between physical activity and sleep cannot be accepted.(AU)

Antecedentes: Los resultados de estudios previos sobre la asociación bidireccional entre actividad física y sueñonocturno son contradictorios. El objetivo del presente estudio es intentar dar una mejor explicación a estas posiblesrelaciones utilizando modelos autorregresivos. Método: Participaron 214 jóvenes (117 varones y 97 mujeres), con unamedia de edad de 13,31 años. Las variables del estudio se midieron con acelerómetros durante 7 días completos, en tresaños consecutivos. Se utilizó el paquete mlVAR para calcular las estimaciones de modelos vectoriales de autorregresiónmultivariables. Resultados: Los modelos de 5 retrasos fueron los que mostraron un mejor ajuste. Se observaron efectosautorregresivos en el inicio del sueño nocturno, el final del sueño nocturno y los comportamientos sedentarios, quepodrían explicar las relaciones encontradas en estudios previos entre actividad física y sueño. Se observaron efectosdirectos entre el inicio, la duración y la eficiencia del sueño nocturno sobre los comportamientos sedentarios. Laactividad física moderada-vigorosa no se relacionó con ninguna variable de sueño nocturno. Conclusiones: No se puedeaceptar la hipótesis de que existen relaciones bidireccionales/recíprocas, entre la actividad física y el sueño.(AU)

Cyber Dating Violence Instrument for Teens (CyDAV-T): Dimensional Structure and Relative Item Discrimination / Escala de Violencia Online en Parejas Adolescentes (CyDAV-T): Estructura Dimensional y Análisis de Respuesta de los Ítems

Background: Validated measures of cyber dating violence are scarce and have barely explored the sexual dimension.The present study advanced this line of research by developing a new instrument that differentiates between sexual,verbal and control dimensions. Method: The instrument was created in four phases: literature review, focus groupswith young people, expert review, and creation of the final scale. This instrument was administered to 600 studentsfrom high schools in Seville and Córdoba, aged between 14 and 18 (M = 15.54; SD = 1.22). Results: A three-factorlatent structure was confirmed for the aggression and victimization scales: verbal/emotional, control, and sexual. UsingItem Response Theory, a refined version of the scales resulted in 19 items for both aggression and victimisation.Prevalence analysis showed that verbal/emotional forms were the most frequent, followed by control and sexual.Conclusions: The CyDAV-T instrument can be considered a valid instrument for assessing cyber dating violence inthe adolescent population.(AU)

Antecedentes: Las medidas validadas de violencia online en la pareja adolescente son escasas y apenas han exploradola dimensión sexual. El presente trabajo avanzó en esta línea de investigación desarrollando un nuevo instrumento quecontemplase las formas sexuales, las verbales y el control. Método: La creación del instrumento se desarrolló en cuatrofases: revisión de la literatura, grupos focales con jóvenes, revisión de expertos y creación del instrumento final. Esteinstrumento fue administrado a 600 estudiantes de institutos de Sevilla y Córdoba, con edades comprendidas entrelos 14 y los 18 años (M = 15.54; DT = 1.22). Resultados: Se confirmó una estructura de tres factores latentes para lasescalas de agresión y victimización: verbal/emocional, control, y sexual. Utilizando la Teoría de Respuesta al ítem seelaboró una versión depurada de 19 ítems para agresión y victimización. Los análisis de prevalencia mostraron que lasformas verbales/emocionales fueron las más frecuentes, seguidas del control y la sexual. Conclusiones: El CyDAV-T sepresenta como un instrumento válido para la violencia online en la pareja adolescente.(AU)

Network Analysis of Internalizing and Externalizing Symptoms in Children and Adolescents / Análisis de Redes de Síntomas Internalizados y Externalizados en Niños y Adolescentes

Background: Experiencing psychological problems during childhood and adolescence is common. However, the detection of behaviors as symptoms of psychopathologies requiring clinical diagnosis and treatment remains low. In order to advance understanding of psychological phenomena and particularly their behavioral manifestations, new theoretical and methodological perspectives such as network analysis are applied. Method: In the present study, we explore the dynamics of the symptoms of different internalizing, externalizing, and personal-contextual problems using network analysis. We estimate networks of regularized partial correlations, including measures of standard centrality, and the global and structural impact of symptoms on each network. Results: The results show that the syndromes we studied are activated through dynamics of symptoms that are strongly related to each other and act as intermediaries of potential psychopathological problems in children and adolescents (e.g., “feels sad,” “worries,” “won’t talk,” “nausea,” “threatens others,” “steals outside”). Centrality measures and impact coefficient ranges were strength (−2.39, 2.05), betweenness (−1.43, 3.38), closeness (−2.60, 2.23), and expected influence (−2.87, 2.13). Conclusions: The results suggest the need to explore attribute dynamics as well as symptomatic comorbidity between them.(AU)

Antecedentes: La experiencia de problemas psicológicos durante la infancia y la adolescencia es común. Sin embargo, la detección de conductas como síntomas de Psicopatologías que requieren diagnóstico y tratamiento clínico sigue siendo infravalorada. Por ello, para evolucionar en la comprensión de los fenómenos psicológicos considerando sus manifestaciones conductuales particulares, se aplican nuevas perspectivas teóricas y metodológicas como el análisis de redes. Método: En el presente estudio exploramos la dinámica de los síntomas de diferentes problemas internalizados y externalizados y personales-contextuales aplicando el análisis de redes. Se estimaron redes de correlaciones parciales regularizadas que incluye medidas de centralidad estándar e impacto global y estructural de los síntomas de distintos síndromes. Resultados: Los resultados muestran que los síndromes se activan a través de dinámicas de síntomas fuertemente relacionados con los demás y que actúan como intermediarios de potenciales problemas psicopatológicos en niños y adolescentes (por ejemplo, “sentirse triste”, “preocuparse”, “negarse a hablar”, “tener náuseas”, “amenazar a los demás”, “robar fuera”). Las medidas de centralidad y coeficientes de impacto oscilaron entre: fuerza (−2.39, 2.05), intermediación (−1.43, 3.38), cercanía (−2.60, 2.23) e influencia esperada (−2.87, 2.13). Conclusiones: Los resultados obtenidos sugieren la necesidad de explorar la dinámica multiconstructo, así como la comorbilidad sintomática entre ellas.(AU)

Competencias profesionales en Psicología Clínica de la Infancia y la Adolescencia: revisión sistemática e implicaciones / Professional competences in Clinical Psychology of Childhood and Adolescence: systematic review and implications

La Psicología Clínica de la Infancia y la Adolescencia es reconocida internacionalmente como una especialidad profesional de la psicología. Ese reconocimiento de la especialidad conlleva la identificación precisa de sus competencias específicas y distintivas. El objetivo de este trabajo es revisar los modelos competenciales específicos propuestos en el ámbito de la Psicología Clínica de la Infancia y la Adolescencia. Se han identificado 16 publicaciones en bases de datos científicas ajustadas a los criterios de búsqueda. Para el análisis y sistematización de las competencias se ha tomado como referencia la clasificación del Modelo de Cubo de Rodolfa et al. En conjunto, se mencionan 22 grupos de competencias específicas del desempeño profesional de la Psicología Clínica de la Infancia y la Adolescencia, de los cuales 15 concitan un amplio consenso. Se concluye examinando las implicaciones de este trabajo para el desarrollo futuro de la profesión. (AU)

Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology is internationally recognized as a professional specialty of psychology. This recognition of the specialty entails the precise identification of its specific and distinctive competencies. The aim of this paper is to review the specific competency models proposed in the field of Clinical Psychology of Childhood and Adolescence. Sixteen publications were identified in scientific databases that matched the search criteria. For the analysis and systematization of competencies, the classification of the Rodolfa et al. Cube Model has been used as ref-erence. Overall, 22 groups of competencies specific to the professional performance of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology are mentioned, of which 15 are widely agreed upon. It concludes by examining the implications of this work for the future development of the profession. (AU)

Role of Psychologist in Adolescent Medicine: An International Perspective.

Adolescent Medicine addresses the health care of adolescents, young adults, and their families. Adolescent psychology constitutes an important part. The COVID-19 pandemic has given insight into adolescent needs, bringing the focus on prevention rather than mere correction. One needs to factor in the unique aspects of adolescence, their need to impress peers and gain acceptance, and their unique information processing, not calculating trade-offs between risk and reward the way adults might, in a linear, rational, logical, and verbal manner. The article focuses on the need for collaborative training among the various stakeholders in Child and Adolescent Mental Health.