Scaling up of Brazil's Criança Feliz early childhood development program: an implementation science analysis.

To address inequities that prevent socioeconomically vulnerable young children from reaching their full developmental potential, Brazil implemented Programa Criança Feliz (PCF) ("Happy Child" early childhood development program) in 2934 of its 5570 municipalities. A qualitative case study was carried out on the basis of in-depth interviews with 22 key informants, employing purposive sampling, from past or current national and state coordination teams. Thematic analysis followed the RE-AIM framework, and complex adaptive system constructs mapped how barriers and enablers influenced scale-up. One overarching theme related to PCF emergence, and 18 subthemes were identified within the RE-AIM. An enabling national political environment favored PCF emergence through a top-down approach that led to governance challenges. Changes in the enrollment criteria for families facilitated reach, and evidence-based methodology favored the designing of the home visits. However, operationalizing the intersectoral actions remains a barrier for effectiveness, while intrasectoral resistance across levels delayed adoption. WhatsApp facilitated networking, capacity building, and adoption. Rushed scale-up generated barriers for quality delivery and led to different implementation pathways across municipalities. Legal institutionalization is critical to assure permanent funding and maintenance. PCF has enhanced early childhood services in Brazil, but strong negative feedback loops need to be addressed for effective sustainability.

Reforma Sanitária e o estado de São Paulo 1970-1980: particularidades regionais e formação de seus trabalhadores / Health reform and the state of São Paulo between 1970 and 1980: regional dimensions and worker training / Reforma Sanitaria y el Estado de São Paulo 1970-1980: particularidades regionales y formación de sus trabajadores

Os estudos em perspectiva histórica da Reforma Sanitária, entre 1970-1980 no Brasil, ganharam diversos matizes analíticos e autores. Porém, ainda se ressente da necessidade de sua compreensão mediante particularidades regionais e uma visão que busque contextos capazes de elucidar ou ao menos refletir acerca daquilo que pode ser abarcado em uma lógica vivida por grupos determinados, instituições e movimentos alinhados ao pensamento social em saúde. Acrescido a essa questão está o projeto de formação de sanitaristas no período, que a historiografia aponta como relevante para o fortalecimento do ideário da Reforma Sanitária. Dentro dessa motivação e análise crítica, buscamos apresentar um estudo histórico de dimensão regional sobre as experiências médico-sanitárias vividas no período no Estado de São Paulo. (AU)

Studies of the history of Brazil's health reform conducted between 1970 and 1980 have gained various nuances and authors. However, there is still a need to understand the regional dimensions of the reform using an approach that examines contexts that are capable of elucidating or at least reflecting on the perspectives of specific groups, institutions and movements aligned with social thinking in health. An additional question is the sanitarian training program at the time, which historiography depicts as being relevant to the strengthening of the ideology behind the health reform. Motivated by the above and critical analysis, we present a historical study of the regional dimensions of the health reform investigating medical-sanitary experiences lived during the period in the state of São Paulo. (AU)

Los estudios en perspectiva histórica de la Reforma Sanitaria, entre 1970-1980 en Brasil, obtuvieron diversos matices analíticos y autores. Sin embargo, todavía se resiente de la necesidad de su comprensión a partir de particularidades regionales y de una visión que busque contextos capaces de elucidar o al menos de reflexionar sobre aquello que puede abarcarse en una lógica vivida por grupos determinados, instituciones y movimientos alineados al pensamiento social en salud. Añadido a esta cuestión está el proyecto de formación de sanitaristas en el período que la historiografía señala como relevante para el fortalecimiento del ideario de la Reforma Sanitaria. Dentro de esa motivación y análisis crítico, buscamos presentar un estudio histórico de dimensión regional sobre las experiencias médico-sanitarias vividas en el período en el Estado de São Paulo. (AU)

Ley nacional del cáncer Claudio Mora: metas y desafíos a futuro / Claudio Mora National Cancer Law: Goals and challenges for the future

Actualmente el cáncer es la segunda causa de muerte en la población chilena; sin embargo, en algunas regiones del país como Arica y Parinacota, Antofagasta, La Serena, Los Lagos y Aysén, en Atacama y La Araucanía ya es la primera (1), inmediatamente apenas por debajo de las afecciones al sistema circulatorio y cardiovascular, y se espera que, al final de la próxima década, llegue a ser la primera causa de muerte en el país (2). Por otra parte, con respecto a los años de vida perdidos en Chile, el cáncer es la primera causa de años de vida perdidos por muerte prematura (175.741 años equivalentes al 22,5% del total de años). Si a lo anterior sumamos los años de vida perdidos por discapacidad, el cáncer es responsable de 221.529 AVISA (Años de vida ajustados por discapacidad), ubicándolo en el séptimo lugar de grupos de causas de carga de enfermedad.(3) Por su incidencia, el cáncer se ha constituido en un problema de salud pública indiscutible e insoslayable, por cuya gravedad demanda al sistema de salud chileno la máxima atención y el mejor de los esfuerzos en las tareas de las pesquisas temprana en toda la población, con el fin de minimizarsusefectos combinados enlasociedad demanera transversal y en cualquier contexto en el que ocurra, debido a la dificultad que significa para el sistema de salud chileno su pesquisa temprana en todos los ciudadanos, sumado a la escasez de recursos tanto humanos como materiales, por lo costos involucrados en su abordaje, es un importante problema social y económico, con repercusión y costos que afectan a laspersonas, sus familiasy comunidades, así como al sistema de salud y al país en su conjunto. (2) A la fecha, en Chile, grandes esfuerzos se han hecho para reducir estas brechas. El mayor de ellos es el programa GES (Garantías explícitas enSalud), mediante el cual los pacientes de acuerdo a su diagnóstico e independientemente de su capacidad de pago o seguro de salud asociado, región geográfica o nivel educacional, son asegurados con una canasta de prestaciones estandarizada, con tiempos de atención antes definidos, asegurando así acceso, oportunidad, protección financiera y calidad delprestador. (4) No obstante luego de 15 años de iniciado elprograma de prestaciones GES, persisten estas diferencias tanto por nivel socioeconómico, y/o educacional, queinfluyen negativamente sobre los estándares de atención de los diferentes prestadores de salud, en razón que diversos estudios se han observado diferencias estadisticamente significativas en las tasas de mortalidad entre el sistema público y privado de 3,12 a 5,8 veces más mortalidad en los pacientes atendidos por FONASA (Fondo nacional de Salud) , respecto a los prestadores privados provenientes de ISAPRES (Instituciones de salud previsional). (5) La ley Nacional del Cáncer recibe el nombre del doctor Claudio Mora a modo de homenaje póstumo, pues él encarnó la dualidad de paciente oncológico y profesional al ser tratado por un cáncer de páncreas, junto al Dr. Jorge Jiménez de la Jara, y la senadora Carolina Goic, quienes fueron grandes impulsores de esta ley, que cuenta con $80 mil millones de pesos anuales ($20 mil millones para infraestructura y $60 mil millones para tratamientos que hoy no son cubiertos por el GES ni por la Ley Ricarte Soto), además de $200 millones anuales por ocho años para la construcción de la Red Nacional Oncológica.(6) La ley nacional del cáncer es un proyecto a largo plazo que requiere de una red oncológica integrada de profesionales y de la coordinación de un equipo interdisciplinario que presenta deficiencias tanto en el número como en la especializaciónde sus equipos médicos. En el presente contexto de la pandemia por coronavirus iniciada en Chile el 1 de marzo de 2020, contrapuesto a lo anterior la disminución de los diagnósticos de cáncer es un hecho, como consecuencia directa de la priorización de camas crítica como camas básicas y de intermedio para atender pacientes infectados por coronavirus, a pesar de lo anterior ha entrado en vigencia la Ley Nacional de Cáncer, es decir, la nueva Ley 21.258, que pretende asegurar que se proporcione un óptimo diagnóstico, tratamiento y seguimiento a los pacientes. (7)

A spatio-temporal cluster analysis of technical efficiency in the production of outpatient maternal health services and its structural correlates in México.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the formation of spatial clusters of technical efficiency (TE) in the production of outpatient maternal health services in México for the period 2008 to 2015. METHODS: We performed a longitudinal analysis of administrative and structural data related to the 243 Mexican health jurisdictions. We use window data envelopment analysis and spatial and econometric techniques. Structural correlates of each TE cluster obtained were identified estimating a pooled multinomial logit model. RESULTS: We observed an increase in the overall TE, accompanied by a reduction in its standard deviation. Furthermore, we identified positive TE spatial dependence both globally and locally. Multiple regression analysis showed that the maximum-performance TE cluster was composed of health jurisdictions located in the North of México and characterized by social marginalization, a reduced indigenous population, and a low demand for maternal health services. CONCLUSIONS: The identification of TE clusters can provide elements to induce decision makers to innovative in ways of allocating resources and manage their utilization. In México as other low- and middle-income countries, it is key to develop targeting strategies to implement specific health services innovations putting to the population to be served at the front of the strategy. This implies testing new modalities to strengthen primary health services, the empowerment of community participation, the training and allocation of health personnel that could respond adequately to population's demand, and the active involvement of competent state and local authorities in the assessment of the results of these innovations.

Managers and clinicians: Perceptions of the impact of regionalization in two regions in Canada.

The aim of this paper is to examine the approach taken to regionalization in Ontario, Canada, and its impact on health system performance as perceived by managers and clinicians. This is a qualitative study, with thematic analysis, based on interviews with 23 managers and clinicians working in primary healthcare and emergency care in two regions of Ontario. Our findings demonstrate that both sets of actors see regional structures as contributing significantly to improving their respective health system although they also identify areas that require improvement. Managers and clinicians agreed on propositions to focus on health determinants, major considerations specific to the local context (population, geography) and support for a three-level system with well-defined functions. However, they also expressed differing propositions about the political power of hospitals.

Implementation of a Regional Network for ST-Segment-Elevation Myocardial Infarction (STEMI) Care and 30-Day Mortality in a Low- to Middle-Income City in Brazil: Findings From Salvador's STEMI Registry (RESISST).

BACKGROUND: Few data exist on regional systems of care for the treatment of ST-segment-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) in developing countries. Our objective was to describe temporal trends in 30-day mortality and identify predictors of mortality among STEMI patients enrolled in a prospective registry in Brazil. METHODS AND RESULTS: From January 2011 to June 2013, 520 patients who received initial STEMI care at 23 nonspecialized public health units or hospitals, some of whom were transferred to a public cardiology referral center, were identified through a regional STEMI network supported by telemedicine and the local prehospital emergency medical service. We stratified patients into five 6-month periods based on presentation date. Mean age (±SD) of patients was 62.0 (±12.2) years, and 55.6% were men. The mean Global Registry of Acute Coronary Events (GRACE) score was 145 (±34). Overall mortality at 30 days was 15.0%. Use of dual antiplatelet therapy and statins increased significantly from baseline (January 2011) to period 5 (June 2013): 61.8% to 93.6% (P<0.001) and 60.4% to 79.7% (P<0.001), respectively. Rates of primary reperfusion also increased (29.1%-53.8%; P<0.001), and more patients were transferred to the referral center (44.7%-76.3%; P=0.001). Thirty-day mortality rates decreased from 19.8% to 5.1% (P<0.001). In multivariable analysis, factors independently associated with 30-day mortality were higher GRACE score, history of previous stroke, lack of transfer to the referral center, and lack of use of optimized medical therapy. CONCLUSIONS: Implementation of a regional STEMI system was associated with lower mortality and higher use of evidence-based therapies.

Regional initiatives for malaria elimination: Building and maintaining partnerships.

Andrew Lover and colleagues discuss regional malaria initiatives, the strengths and challenges.

Programa mais médicos: análise a partir de um modelo lógico / Mais médicos program: analysis from a logical model

OBJETIVO: Aplicar o modelo lógico ao Programa Mais Médicos e pré-avaliar o programa do Distrito Federal. MÉTODO: Aplicação do modelo lógico ao Programa mais médicos e análise quantitativa de dados do programa do Distrito Federal. Os indicadores foram acompanhados anualmente, para o Brasil e para o Distrito Federal, de 2013 a 2015 e as demais variáveis no período anterior (Janeiro/2011 a Julho/2013) e posterior (Agosto/2013 a Dezembro/2015) à adesão do Distrito Federal ao Programa Mais Médicos. RESULTADOS: Metas, atividades e produtos não foram identificados na construção do modelo lógico. As variáveis e indicadores analisados demonstraram, de forma geral, sugestão de ganhos positivos com a implantação do programa no Distrito Federal. Houve aumento em 32% da cobertura populacional por equipes da atenção básica, aumento do número de médicos e equipes na Estratégia Saúde da Família (p< 0,001), melhora da cobertura de pré-natal e de consultas aos maiores de 60 anos (p<0,001), além de aumento de visitas médicas domiciliares (p<0,005). CONCLUSÃO: Com relação a construção do Programa Mais médicos, faltam aspectos importantes do ponto de vista estrutural de um projeto, porém no Distrito Federal conseguimos observar resultados significativos.

AIM: Apply the logical model to Mais Médicos (More Doctors) program and evaluate the program of the Federal District. METHODS: Application of the logical model to Mais Médicos (More Doctors) Program and quantitative data analysis from the Federal District program. Annual indicators were extracted from Brazilian and Federal District data from 2013 to 2015 and the other variables in the first (January / 2011 to July / 2013) and the second (August / 2013 to December / 2015) periods to the accession of Federal District to the Mais Médicos Program. RESULTS: Goals, activities and products were not detected in the logical model performance. The evaluated variables and indicators suggested, in a general way, positive effects with the implementation of the program in the Federal District. Increasing population covered by basic health care teams (32%), increasing number of doctors and teams in the Family Health Strategy (p<0,001), higher prenatal coverage and consultations among patients over 60-y old (p<0,001) and also higher number of home visits (p<0,005) were detected. CONCLUSION: Concerning the Mais Médicos (More Doctors) Program implementation, important aspects from the main structural project are missing, but significant results were noticed in the Federal District Program.

Regional scale-up of an Emergency Triage Assessment and Treatment (ETAT) training programme from a referral hospital to primary care health centres in Guatemala.

OBJECTIVE: Emergency Triage Assessment and Treatment (ETAT) was developed by the WHO to teach paediatric assessment, triage and initial management to healthcare workers (HCWs) in resource-limited hospital-based settings. This study sought to evaluate the extension of ETAT training from a regional hospital to paediatric HCWs at local primary care health centres (PHCs) in Guatemala. METHODS: Prior to providing a 16 h ETAT training module, immediately after, and at 3, 6 and 12 months, we used written pre-tests and post-tests and five-point Likert surveys to evaluate, respectively, clinical knowledge and provider confidence in providing acute care paediatrics; hands-on clinical skills were tested at 3, 6 and 12 months. RESULTS: Fifty-two HCWs (14 general physicians, 38 nurses) from four regional PHCs participated; 65%, 60% and 46% completed 3-month, 6-month and 12-month follow-ups, respectively. Test scores show significant acquisition of clinical knowledge initially, which was retained over time when tested at 3, 6 and 12 months (46 vs 70, p<0.001). Hands-on clinical skills scores demonstrated retention at 3, 6 and 12 months. Although participants were more confident about acute care paediatrics immediately after training (66 vs 104, p<0.001), this decreased with time, though not to pre-intervention levels. CONCLUSIONS: ETAT trainings were successfully extended to PHCs in a resource-limited setting with significant knowledge acquisition and retention over time and improved HCW confidence with acute care paediatrics. This process could serve as a successful model for in-country and international scale-up of ETAT.

Operational implementation and lessons learned from Haiti's first helicopter air ambulance.

Critical-care helicopter transport has demonstrated improvements in morbidity and mortality to those patients who utilise the service, but this has largely excluded developing country populations due to set up costs. Haiti Air Ambulance is the first completely publicly-available helicopter ambulance service in a developing country. US standards were adopted for both aviation and aeromedical care in Haiti due to proximity and relationships. In order to implement properly, standards for aviation, critical care, and insurance reimbursement had to be put in place with local authorities. Haiti Air Ambulance worked with the Ministry of Health to author standards for medical procedures, medication usage, and staff training for aeromedical programs in the country. Utilisation criteria for the helicopter were drafted, edited, and constantly updated to ensure the program adapted to the clinical situation while maintaining US standard of care. During the first year, 76 patients were transferred; 13 of whom were children and 3 pregnant women. Three patients were intubated and two required bi-level mask ventilation. Traumatic injury and non-emergency interfacility transfers were the two most common indications for service. More than half of the transfers (54%) originated at one of six hospitals, mostly as a result of highly-involved staff. The program was limited by weather and the lack of weather reporting, radar, visual flight recognition, thus also causing an inability to fly at night. In partnership with the government and other non-governmental organisations, we seek to implement a more robust pre-hospital system in Haiti over the next 12-24 months, including more scene call capabilities.

Historia del Programa de Control de la Tuberculosis de Chile / History of the Program of Control of Tuberculosis in Chile

A book on the history of the Program of Control of Tuberculosis in Chile, recently published by the Ministry of Health as a landmark of the Public Health of the country, is commented. His author, the distinguished historian Marcelo López Campillay goes over the different stages of the tuberculosis epidemic in Chile and the successive attempts to control it. First with a modern control program and later with a program aimed at the elimination of tuberculosis as a public health problem, with a target of less than 5 cases per 100,000 inhabitants by 2020. The successes and difficulties of the program through its different stages are explained by the testimonies from its main protagonists and conductors. Complementary contributions about this exciting history are given.

Se comenta la publicación del Ministerio de Salud sobre la historia del Programa de Control de la Tuberculosis, como un hito dentro de la Salud Pública de Chile. Su autor, el distinguido historiador Marcelo López Campillay, recorre las distintas etapas vividas por la epidemia de tuberculosis en Chile y los sucesivos intentos de controlarla a través de un Programa de Control de la Tuberculosis moderno, que ha ido evolucionando a un programa cuya meta es la eliminación de la enfermedad como problema de salud pública, con una meta de menos de 5 casos por 100.000 habitantes para el año 2020. Se detallan los éxitos y dificultades que ha tenido que enfrentar el programa en sus distintas etapas, basados en los testimonios de sus principales protagonistas y se agregan aportes complementarios sobre esta interesante historia.

The Online Availability of Multilingual Health Promotion Materials Produced by Local Health Departments: an Information Assessment.

OBJECTIVES: Local Health Departments (LHDs) are a key source of health promotion information. For ethnically and culturally diverse communities, it becomes important to provide minorities with language appropriate health information. This project sought to assess the availability of multilingual health promotion materials on LHD websites in Washington State (WA), USA. METHODS: We performed a cross-sectional study of all 34 LHD websites in WA. We collected and classified health promotion documents available to the public, specifically, whether translated versions were available. We also assessed the extent of document sharing between LHDs. RESULTS: We identified 1,624 documents across 34 LHDs. Topics most frequently covered were communicable diseases and emergency preparedness. Fewer than 10% of documents were available in non-English languages. We found little evidence of document sharing between LHDs; only 5% of all documents were shared between LHDs. CONCLUSIONS: WA LHDs provide a variety of health promotion materials for the public, but few multilingual materials are available online. New technologies for facilitating document sharing and machine translation may improve the present landscape.

Programa mais médicos dois anos: mais saúde para os brasileiros / More Doctors Program two years: more health for Brazilians / Programa Más Médicos dos años: más salud para los brasileños

Saúde pública, universal e gratuita para mais de 200 milhões de brasileirosnão é desafio que se supera sozinho. A constituição brasileira repartiu asresponsabilidades entre as três esferas de governo e assim, há 27 anos, seguimosconstruindo o Sistema Único de Saúde. Talvez a mais importante de todas as etapasdessa construção, a Atenção Básica, justamente aquela que está mais próximada população, é a que mais exige integração entre União, estados e municípios.É no atendimento básico, na Estratégia da Saúde de Família, que se solucionamcerca de 80% dos problemas de saúde da população. Respeitando aautonomia de cada ente, o governo federal, com os estados e municípios, decidiureforçar esse pilar tão importante da saúde pública. Lançado o desafio de atendera uma demanda histórica por mais médicos nas Unidades Básicas de Saúde, oMinistério da Saúde começou a reunir parceiros dentro e fora do governo paratransformar em realidade o Programa Mais Médicos para o Brasil...

O apoiador caipira: o desafio/arte de articular redes regionais a partir de territórios/desejos singulares / The “caipira” supporter: the challange/art of articulating regional networks from single territories/wishes / El apoyador “caipira”: el desafío/arte de articular mallas regionales por medio de territorios/deseos singulares

Por meio da experiência do apoio institucional da Política Nacional de Humanização em três regiões de saúde do interior do estado de São Paulo, Brasil, o presente texto visa expor algumas problematizações referentes ao processo de articulação de redes regionais de saúde em regiões compostas majoritariamente por municípios com menos de vinte mil habitantes. Ao problematizar a articulação de redes de saúde em regiões interioranas, coloca-se na pauta o processo de descentralização e as relações interfederativas enfatizando os aspectos político-institucionais que atravessam e modulam essas relações, principalmente nos municípios de pequeno porte. Assim sendo, colocamos em questão os modos como as atuais políticas de saúde chegam a esses territórios e o modo como essas redes estão sendo articuladas, tendo como norte o desafio da ascendência e transversalidade do processo...

Considering the experience taken from the institutional support given by the Humanization’s Brazilian Policy in three health’s regions in São Paulo State, Brazil, this text intends to expose some problems refering to the articulation process of other health’s regional networks mainly composed by cities with less than twenty thousands inhabitants. By problematizing the articulation of inlad health’s networks it is put on the agenda the process of descentraliztion and the interfederaditive relations emphasizing the political and institutional aspects that goes through and modulates these relations, mainly in the small cities. Thus, we are questioning the ways how the current health policies are implemented in these territories and the way how they are articulated, having as a goal the challenge of the process’ ascendance and transversality...

Através de la experiencia del apoyo institucional de la Política Brasileña de Humanización en tres regiones de salud del interior del Estado de São Paulo, Brasil, el presente texto se propone exponer algunas problematizaciones referentes al proceso de articulación de mallas regionales de salud en regiones compuestas mayoritariamente por municipios con menos de vente mil habitantes. Al problematizar la articulación de mallas de salud en regiones interioranas se pone en la pauta del proceso de descentralización y las relaciones inter-federativas enfatizando los aspectos políticos institucionales que penetran y modulan esta relación, principalmente en los municipios de pequeño porte. Por consiguiente, ponemos en cuestión los modos como las políticas de salud actuales llegan a estos territorios y el modo cómo estas mallas están siendo articuladas, teniendo como dirección el desafío de la ascendencia y transversalidad del proceso...

Tuberculosis en Chile: ¿Podemos retomar el camino hacia la eliminación? / Tuberculosis in Chile: are we able to take the road to eliminate this disease?

The World Health Organization established eight guidelines for a new framework in countries with low incidence of tuberculosis (less than 100 cases per million population) to eliminate the disease. Although Chile does not belong to this group since its incidence rate is still 13 cases per 100,000, it is feasible to work in this new framework thanks to the strengths that present the national program. This article analyzes the Chilean situation regarding these guidelines, and determined that most of them have significant progress, but in those related to funding of public health activities and in the development of strategies with specific risk groups some still fail to go forward.

La Organización Mundial de la Salud estableció ocho lineamientos para un nuevo marco de acción en los países con baja incidencia de tuberculosis (menos de 100 casos por millón de habitantes) con miras a eliminar la enfermedad como problema de Salud Pública. Si bien Chile no pertenece a este grupo ya que su tasa de incidencia es aún de 13 casos por 100.000 habitantes, es factible trabajar en este nuevo marco gracias a las fortalezas que presenta el programa nacional. En este artículo se analiza la situación chilena en cuanto a estos lineamientos, determinándose que en la mayoría de ellos se cuenta con avances importantes, pero que en aquellos relacionados con el financiamiento de las acciones desde el punto de vista de Salud Pública y el desarrollo de estrategias específicas con los grupos de riesgo, aún queda camino por avanzar.

Short-term global health education programs abroad: disease patterns observed in Haitian migrant worker communities around La Romana, Dominican Republic.

The possibility of encountering rare tropical disease presentations is commonly described as a benefit derived by developed world medical trainees participating in clinical service-oriented short-term global health experiences in the developing world. This study describes the health status of a population served by a short-term experience conducted by a North American institute, and the results of a retrospective review are used to identify commonly encountered diseases and discuss their potential educational value. Descriptive analysis was conducted on 1,024 encounter records collected over four unique 1-week-long trips by a North American institution serving Haitian migrant workers in La Romana, Dominican Republic. The top five diagnoses seen in the clinic were gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), hypertension (HTN), upper respiratory infections, otitis media, and fungal skin infection. On occasion, diagnoses unique to an indigent tropical population were encountered (e.g., dehydration, malnutrition, parasites, and infections.). These findings suggest a similarity between frequently encountered diagnoses on a short-term clinical service trip in Dominican Republic and primary care presentations in developed world settings, which challenges the assumption that short-term service experiences provide exposure to rare tropical disease presentations. These findings also represent additional data that can be used to better understand the health and healthcare planning among this vulnerable population of Haitian migrant workers.

Regionalização da alta complexidade em saúde no estado de Pernambuco: oferta e alocação de recursos / Regionalization of high complexity in health in the state of Pernambuco: supply and allocation of resources

Este trabalho analisou a oferta das ações de alta complexidade e a alocação de recursos nas macrorregiões de saúde no estado de Pernambuco. Caracteriza-se por ser um estudo de natureza quantitativa, exploratório e descritivo. As informações utilizadas foram referentes à assistência ambulatorial e hospitalar de alta complexidade sob gestão estadual, tendo como período o ano de 2013. Foram utilizados dados secundários provenientes do Sistema de Informações Ambulatoriais (SIA) e do Sistema de Informações Hospitalares (SIH), respectivamente, e processados pelo Departamento de Informação e Informática do SUS (DATASUS). Observou-se que a oferta da assistência ambulatorial e hospitalar na alta complexidade nas macrorregiões de Pernambuco, não está em conformidade ao preconizado pela Regionalização da Assistência à Saúde. Encontrou-se uma concentração de oferta na macrorregião metropolitana, exigindo grandes deslocamentos da população, dificultando o acesso dos usuários residentes das macrorregiões de saúde mais distantes. No tocante a alocação de recursos executados pela gestão estadual, observou-se uma persistência de iniquidades espaciais. Os dados evidenciaram que o setor privado que deveria ser de caráter complementar é o principal provedor SUS de ações e serviços em alta complexidade. O contexto identificado demonstrou que a oferta regionalizada em alta complexidade ainda está longe de ser concretizada no estado de Pernambuco. Palavras-chave: Regionalização. Atenção Terciária à Saúde. Alta Complexidade.(AU)

This paper analyzed the supply of high complexity actions and resource allocation in health macro-regions in the state of Pernambuco. It is characterized by being a study of quantitative, exploratory and descriptive nature. The information used were related to out patient care and hospital of high complexity understate management, with the period 2013. Secondary data from the Hospital Information System (SIA) and Hospital Information System (SIH), respectively, and processed by the Department of Information and informatics software the National Unified Health System - SUS (DATASUS). It was observed that the provision of ambulatory and hospital care in high complexity in the macro-regions of Pernambuco is not in line with that recommended by the Regionalization of Health Care. We found a concentration of supply in the metropolitan macro-region, requiring large displacements of the population, making it difficult access for residents of the more distant macro health regions. Regarding the allocation of resources executed by state management, there was a persistent spatial inequities. The data showed that the private sector should be complementary in nature is the main provider of SUS actions and services for high complexity. The identified context showed that regionalized supply for high complexity is still far from being realized in the state of Pernambuco.(AU)

Governança, sustentabilidade e equidade no plano de saúde de São José dos Pinhais, Brasil / Governance, sustainability, and equity in the health program for the municipality of São José dos Pinhais, Brazil

OBJETIVO: Analisar o Relatório Final da VIII Conferência de Saúde e o Plano Municipal de Saúde de São José dos Pinhais 2010-2013 e verificar se esses documentos contemplaram os temas sustentabilidade, governança e equidade e as interfaces entre esses temas - políticas de governo e estado, balanço de poder e processo inclusivo e resultados impactantes -, que compõem um Modelo Conceitual para Desenvolvimento Humano e Promoção da Saúde proposto pelos autores. MÉTODOS: Neste estudo de caso, foram analisadas as 331 propostas aprovadas para incorporação no Plano Municipal de Saúde. Foram analisadas as seis categorias temáticas do Modelo Conceitual para Desenvolvimento Humano e Promoção da Saúde pelo programa ATLAS Ti 5.0. As propostas foram classificadas pelo número de temas e interfaces do Modelo Conceitual: propostas plenas de promoção de saúde continham as seis categorias de conceitos e interfaces; propostas de promoção parcial continham três categorias; e propostas incipientes continham uma categoria. RESULTADOS: Das 331 propostas aprovadas, 162 (49%) contemplaram as seis categorias temáticas, sendo classificadas como propostas plenas de promoção da saúde. Noventa e cinco (29%) contemplaram três categorias, sendo classificadas como de parcial promoção da saúde. Dessas, 38 (12%) contemplaram as categorias governança, sustentabilidade e políticas de governo/estado, 33 (10%) contemplaram governança, balanço de poder e equidade e 24 (7%) contemplaram equidade, processo inclusivo/resultados impactantes e sustentabilidade. Finalmente, 74 (22%) propostas contemplaram uma categoria, sendo classificadas como proposta de incipiente promoção da saúde: 36 (11%) contemplaram governança, 27 (8%) contemplaram sustentabilidade e 11 (3%) contemplaram equidade. CONCLUSÕES: Tendo em vista que 49% das propostas foram classificadas como de promoção plena da saúde, o controle social, a partir da participação popular na construção do plano de saúde, contribuiu para a promoção da saúde no município.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the Final Report of the VIII Health Conference and the São José dos Pinhais City Health Program for 2010-2013 and investigate whether these documents addressed the themes of sustainability, governance, and equity and the interfaces between these themes-government policies, power balance, and inclusive processes/impacting results-that make up the Concept Model for Human Development and Health Promotion developed by the authors. METHOD: This case study analyzed 331 proposals approved for incorporation in the City Health Program. The six thematical categories of the Concept Model were analyzed using ATLAS Ti 5.0 software. The proposals were classified according to the number of themes and interfaces of the Concept Model: full health proposals contained all six categories; partial proposals contained three categories; and incipient proposals contained one category. RESULTS: Of 331 proposals approved, 162 (49%) contemplated the six thematical categories and were classified as full health promotion proposals. Ninety-five (29%) contemplated three categories (partial health promotion). Of these, 38 (12%) addressed Governance, Sustainability, and Government Policies, 33 (10%) addressed Governance, Power Balance, and Equity and 24 (7%) addressed Equity, Inclusive Processes/Impact Results, and Sustainability. Finally, 74 (22%) proposals contemplated only one category and were classified as incipient: 36 (11%) addressed Governance, 27 (8%) addressed sustainability, and 11 (3%) addressed equity. CONCLUSIONS: Based on the fact that 49% of the proposals approved were classified as full health promotion, it is considered that the effectiveness of social control and popular participation in the construction of health policies at the local level contritute to the promotion of health in the city.