Emendation of Appendix 9 of the International Code of Nomenclature of Prokaryotes to regulate the use of connecting vowels in compound names after stems ending in the same vowel.

Following a proposal to emend Appendix 9 of the International Code of Nomenclature of Prokaryotes with guidelines to regulate the use of connecting vowels in compound names after stems ending in the same vowel, I here report the outcome of the ballot on this proposal by the members of the International Committee on Systematics of Prokaryotes. The new guidelines to be incorporated in Appendix 9 are presented.

The sulci of the lateral superior parietal lobule: anatomical overview and nomenclatural consideration.

Discrepancies in the terminology describing sulcal structures within the lateral superior parietal lobule prompted our comprehensive investigation to clarify their morphology and nomenclature. We reviewed literature from the 19th century to the present, focusing on the intraparietal sulcus, interparietal sulcus, superior parietal sulcus, transverse parietal sulcus, paroccipital sulcus, and transverse occipital sulcus. Additionally, we analyzed neuroimaging data from 40 healthy young adults and two cadavers. Our investigation revealed that the original term intraparietal sulcus, introduced by Sir Turner, described a complex structure comprising the inferior segment of the postcentral sulcus, a horizontally extending component into the occipital lobe, and the transverse occipital sulcus. We also found that the superior parietal sulcus is often synonymous with transverse parietal sulcus, the sulcus of Brissaud is an eponym that shall describe the paroccipital sulcus's dorsal parietal ramus, and the transverse occipital sulcus is the combination of the occipital rami of the paroccipital sulcus. Additionally, we identified an unnamed transverse segment of the intraparietal sulcus, the intraparietal sulcus-transverse. Based on these observations, we consider that the sulci of the lateral superior parietal lobule primarily include the intraparietal sulcus, with longitudinal and transverse segments, the transverse parietal sulcus of Brissaud, and the paroccipital sulcus of Wilder.

Alcohol-Associated Liver Diseases: Spectrum, Nomenclature, and Definitions.

Alcohol-associated liver disease (AALD) is a global health problem with increasing incidence with associated high morbidity and mortality. Patients with AALD have varied clinical presentation encompassing a spectrum ranging from alcoholic steatosis, alcoholic steatohepatitis to alcohol-associated fibrosis/cirrhosis, which can be either compensated or decompensated. We need uniformity in defining each of the stages of AALD, which will help in both research and patient care. Algorithmic approach using noninvasive tests like enhanced liver fibrosis score, elastography, and fibrosis-4 scores can help in early diagnosis in addition to the presence of any red flags (low albumin, low platelet count, and raised transaminases).

Tracking Changes for Inter-Version Interoperability in Heterogeneous Evolving Medical Terminologies.

INTRODUCTION: Medical terminologies and code systems, which play a vital role in the health domain, are rarely static but undergo changes as knowledge and terminology evolves. This includes addition, deletion and relabeling of terms, and, if terms are organized hierarchically, changing their position. Tracking these changes may become important if one uses multiple versions of the same terminology and interoperability is desired. METHOD: We propose a new method for automatic change tracking between terminology versions. It consists of a declarative import pipeline, which translates source terminologies into a common data model. We then use semantic and lexical change detection algorithms. They produce an ontology-based representation of terminology changes, which can be queried using semantic query languages. RESULTS: The method proves accurate in detecting additions, deletions, relocations and renaming of terms. In cases where inter-version term mapping information is provided by the publisher, we were able to highly enhance the ability to differentiate between simple additions/deletions and refinements/consolidation of terms. CONCLUSION: The method proves effective for semi-automatic change handling if term refinements and consolidation are relevant and for automatic change detection if additional mapping information is available.

Proposal to add a Note to Rule 8 of the International Code of Nomenclature of Prokaryotes to clarify the meaning of the term 'stem'.

According to the Rules of the International Code of Nomenclature of Prokaryotes (ICNP) and its appendices, names of higher taxa are formed by the addition of the appropriate suffix to the stem of the name of the type genus, and word stems derived from Latin and/or Greek are combined to compound names by means of an appropriate connecting vowel. The way the word 'stem' is used in the ICNP differs from the meaning of this term in textbooks of Latin and Greek grammar. We therefore propose to add a Note to Rule 8, clarifying that the term 'stem' when used in the ICNP corresponds with that part of the word that does not vary among the forms of the noun in the oblique cases, i.e., cases other than the nominative, and which can be obtained by deleting the ending of the genitive singular.

Proposal of Paenimyroides marinum (Song et al. 2013) comb. nov. to replace the illegitimate name Paenimyroides aquimaris (García-López et al. 2020) Zhang et al. 2023.

In this article, the author addresses the issue of nomenclatural illegitimacy of Paenimyroides aquimaris (García-López et al. 2020) Zhang et al. 2023. This name was formed without re-establishment of the earlier legitimate epithet marinum and should be considered to be illegitimate according to Rule 41a. As required by Rule 54, the author proposes Paenimyroides marinum (Song et al. 2013) as a new combination to replace the illegitimate name Paenimyroides aquimaris.

Dyslexia in the 21st century: revisiting the consensus definition.

Two decades after the International Dyslexia Association (IDA) adopted the 2002 consensus definition of dyslexia, this special issue of the Annals of Dyslexia revisits that definition in light of advances in scientific understanding and evolving needs. Through contributions from leading researchers and interdisciplinary teams, the issue examines the strengths and limitations of the definition as it has been applied in research, policy, and practice. Key themes emerged, which included reconsidering the need to include the neurobiological basis of dyslexia in the definition, the intersection of literacy challenges and mental health, and the role of context in shaping how dyslexia is defined. Contributors to this special issue also reflected on how the definition serves different audiences, including educators, policymakers, and families. As the IDA embarks on a thoughtful reassessment of the 2002 definition, this collection of articles offers insights to guide the path forward, ensuring the definition remains a robust tool for research, identification, intervention, and advocacy in the coming years.

Corrigendum - Glossary of terms: A shared understanding of the common terms used to describe psychological trauma, version 3.0. / Corrigendum ­ Glossaire des termes : Une compréhension commune des termes courants utilisés pour décrire les traumatismes psychologiques, version 3.0.

This corrigendum is being published to acknowledge the contribution of Dr. Deborah Norris, which was omitted from the original version of the article: Heber A, Testa V, Groll D, Ritchie K, Tam-Seto L, Mulligan A, Sullo E, Schick A, Bose E, Jabbari Y, Lopes J, Carleton RN. Glossary of terms: A shared understanding of the common terms used to describe psychological trauma, version 3.0. Health Promot Chronic Dis Prev Can. 2023;43(10/11). https://doi.org/10.24095/hpcdp.43.10/11.09.

RÉSUMÉ: Ce corrigendum vise à ajouter un remerciement à Dre Deborah Norris ayant été omis de l'article original : Heber A, Testa V, Groll D, Ritchie K, Tam-Seto L, Mulligan A, Sullo E, Schick A, Bose E, Jabbari Y, Lopes J, Carleton RN. Glossaire des termes : Une compréhension commune des termes courants utilisés pour décrire les traumatismes psychologiques, version 3.0. Promotion de la santé et prévention des maladies chroniques au Canada. 2023;43(10/11). https://doi.org/10.24095/hpcdp.43.10/11.09f.

Implementation of a dyadic nomenclature for monogenic diseases.

A core task when establishing the strength of evidence for a gene's role in a monogenic disorder is determining the appropriate disease entity to curate. Establishing this concept determines which evidence can be applied and quantified toward the final gene-disease validity, variant pathogenicity, or actionability classification. Genes with implications in more than one phenotype can necessitate a process of lumping and splitting, disease reorganization, and updates to disease nomenclature. Reappraisal of the names that are used as labels for disease entities is therefore a necessary and perpetual process. The Clinical Genome Resource (ClinGen), in collaboration with representatives from Monarch Disease Ontology (Mondo) and Online Inheritance in Man (OMIM), formed the Disease Naming Advisory Committee (DNAC) to develop guidance for groups faced with the need to establish the "curated disease entity" for gene-phenotype validity and variant pathogenicity and to update disease names for clinical use when necessary. The objective of this group was to harmonize guidance for disease naming across these nosologic entities and among ClinGen curation groups in collaboration with other disease-related professional groups. Here, we present the initial guidance developed by the DNAC with representative examples provided by the ClinGen expert panels and working groups that warranted nomenclature updates. We also discuss the broader implications of these efforts and their benefits for harmonization of gene-disease validity curation. Overall, this work sheds light on current inconsistencies and/or discrepancies and is designed to engage the broader community on how ClinGen defines monogenic disorders using a consistent approach for disease naming.

What is safety leadership? A systematic review of definitions.

INTRODUCTION: To the authors' knowledge, no systematic review has examined the definition of safety leadership in the academic literature to date. A review was therefore carried out to determine how safety leadership was defined in the peer reviewed empirical literature and thematic analysis was employed to identify patterned meanings across the data. METHOD: Thirty-seven primary definitions, or definitions that were not borrowed from other studies, were identified. Of these 37, seven conceptual definitions were found to be evidence-based, six of which were endorsed by their operational counterpart definitions and one which was derived using exploratory research. RESULTS: These seven definitions showed strong alignment with the three themes that emerged from the thematic analysis that capture the why, how, and who of safety leadership. Transformational leadership theory formed the foundation for many of the definitions in the academic literature, despite recent evidence suggesting that adopting multiple forms of leadership styles would be more effective for improving workplace safety. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Gaps in the current evidence base are explored and suggestions for future research are discussed.

Confusing Genomic Terms: The Importance of Being Precise.

Advances in genomic science directly affect cancer care. Mastery of foundational concepts is necessary to understand the rationale for many aspects of cancer care, including prevention, surveillance, and treatment of malignan.