RESUMO
INTRODUCTION: Brazilian spotted fever (BSF), a lethal tick-borne Rickettsioses (2000 - 2018 >600 human deaths) involving synanthropic capybara as host. METHODS: We introduced an alternative to mitigate human-capybara conflicts and epidemiologic concerns of BSF. Complex aspects like transmission dynamics, risk areas, host mobility, and birth rate control, were considered to develop a prevention strategy using an anti-GnRH vaccine. RESULTS: The propositioned immunocontraceptive potentially remove and prevent the spread of BSF from endemic areas. CONCLUSIONS: We propose the anti-GnRH vaccine as a BSF prevention strategy based on these favorable results.
Assuntos
Anticoncepção Imunológica/veterinária , Hormônio Liberador de Gonadotropina/imunologia , Febre Maculosa das Montanhas Rochosas/prevenção & controle , Roedores/parasitologia , Vacinas Anticoncepcionais/administração & dosagem , Animais , Brasil , Anticoncepção Imunológica/métodos , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Controle da População/métodos , Febre Maculosa das Montanhas Rochosas/transmissão , Carrapatos/microbiologiaRESUMO
Abstract INTRODUCTION: Brazilian spotted fever (BSF), a lethal tick-borne Rickettsioses (2000 - 2018 >600 human deaths) involving synanthropic capybara as host. METHODS: We introduced an alternative to mitigate human-capybara conflicts and epidemiologic concerns of BSF. Complex aspects like transmission dynamics, risk areas, host mobility, and birth rate control, were considered to develop a prevention strategy using an anti-GnRH vaccine. RESULTS: The propositioned immunocontraceptive potentially remove and prevent the spread of BSF from endemic areas. CONCLUSIONS: We propose the anti-GnRH vaccine as a BSF prevention strategy based on these favorable results.
Assuntos
Humanos , Animais , Masculino , Feminino , Roedores/parasitologia , Febre Maculosa das Montanhas Rochosas/prevenção & controle , Hormônio Liberador de Gonadotropina/imunologia , Anticoncepção Imunológica/veterinária , Vacinas Anticoncepcionais/administração & dosagem , Carrapatos/microbiologia , Brasil , Febre Maculosa das Montanhas Rochosas/transmissão , Controle da População/métodos , Anticoncepção Imunológica/métodosRESUMO
Effective tools for male contraception are important in the control of reproduction in animal populations. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of active immunization against gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) on male reproductive function assessing testicular morphological changes and serum-gonadotropin levels in pre-pubertal rabbits, guinea pigs and ram lambs. An anti-GnRH vaccine was developed by linking a GnRH-homologous molecule to a tetanus clostridial toxoid (Al(OH)3 coadjuvant). After vaccination protocols testicular morphometry, histopathological alterations and endocrine responses (FSH, LH, testosterone and cortisol serum levels) were evaluated. Testicular volume was significantly reduced in vaccinated animals with respect to the control group in rabbits, guinea pigs and ram lambs (P<0.05 to P<0.001). The anti-GnRH vaccine generated a reduction in testicular volume of 15-, 27- and 11-fold, respectively. Tubule diameters decreased in the vaccinated group with respect to the control ~2.0-, 1.2- and 3.5-fold, respectively (P<0.001). Tubule, intertubular and lumen volumes significantly decreased in vaccinated rabbits (P<0.05), guinea pigs and ram lambs (P<0.01). Vaccinated animals of the three species showed significant reductions in spermatogonial numbers (10- to 40-fold; P<0.01). Sperm was absent in all seminiferous tubules of all rabbits, and most individuals of guinea pigs (80%) and ram lambs (60%). No significant differences were observed between vaccinated and control groups regarding FSH and LH during the experiments in the three experimental species/models used. Testosterone, however, was only significantly lower (~22-fold, P<0.01) in vaccinated rabbits. In conclusion, the present study demonstrated that pre-pubertal active immunization against GnRH leads to endocrine disruption and marked differences on testicular morphometry, development and activity among lagomorphs, hystricomorphs and ovine species with species-specific sensitivity regarding the anti-GnRH immune response.
Assuntos
Hormônio Liberador de Gonadotropina/imunologia , Testículo/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Testosterona/sangue , Vacinas Anticoncepcionais/imunologia , Animais , Animais Domésticos , Pesos e Medidas Corporais , Cobaias , Imunização/veterinária , Masculino , Coelhos , Ovinos , VacinaçãoRESUMO
Considerando o crescimento da imunocastração de suínos no Brasil e a carência de informações de seu efeito nas diferentes linhagens e cruzamentos comerciais, objetivou-se com este estudo avaliar o desempenho e a qualidade de carcaça de suínos de 70 a 150 dias de diferentes categorias sexuais e diferentes origens genéticas. Os machos reprodutores utilizados foram o PIET (com predominância da genética Pietrain) e o DLPH (proporção semelhante de Hampshire, Duroc, Large White, Pietrain). Foram utilizados 20 animais de cada categoria, com peso médio inicial de 25,0 kg alojados em baias de piso de concreto. Foi utilizado um delineamento experimental em blocos casualizados em arranjo fatorial 3 x 2 (três categorias sexuais fêmeas, machos castrados e machos imunocastrados - e duas origens genéticas), totalizando seis tratamentos e cinco repetições, com dois animais por baia (parcela experimental). Os suínos DLPH apresentaram menor (P0,05) da origem genética sobre as características de carcaça, já o rendimento de carcaça de fêmeas foi superior (P<0,05) ao de machos imunocastrados.
Considering the growth of pig immunocastration in Brazil and the lack of information on its effects in the different lineages and commercial crosses, this study aimed to evaluate the performance and quality of pork carcass from 70 to 150 days of different sexual categories and different genetic origins. The breeding males used were PIET (predominantly Pietrain genetics) and DLPH (similar proportion of Hampshire, Duroc, Large White, Pietrain). Twenty animals of each category were used, with initial mean weight of 25.0 kg housed in concrete floor bays. A randomized block design in a 3 x 2 factorial arrangement (three sex categories - females, castrated males and immunocastrated males - and two genetic origins) was used, totaling six treatments and five replications, with two animals per bay (experimental plot). DLPH pigs presented lower (P 0.05) of the genetic origin on the carcass traits and the carcass yield of females was higher (P <0.05) than that of the immunocastrated males.
Assuntos
Masculino , Feminino , Animais , Castração/veterinária , Criação de Animais Domésticos , Hormônio Liberador de Gonadotropina/antagonistas & inibidores , Linhagem , Suínos , Vacinas Anticoncepcionais , Abate de Animais , Bem-Estar do AnimalRESUMO
Considerando o crescimento da imunocastração de suínos no Brasil e a carência de informações de seu efeito nas diferentes linhagens e cruzamentos comerciais, objetivou-se com este estudo avaliar o desempenho e a qualidade de carcaça de suínos de 70 a 150 dias de diferentes categorias sexuais e diferentes origens genéticas. Os machos reprodutores utilizados foram o PIET (com predominância da genética Pietrain) e o DLPH (proporção semelhante de Hampshire, Duroc, Large White, Pietrain). Foram utilizados 20 animais de cada categoria, com peso médio inicial de 25,0 kg alojados em baias de piso de concreto. Foi utilizado um delineamento experimental em blocos casualizados em arranjo fatorial 3 x 2 (três categorias sexuais fêmeas, machos castrados e machos imunocastrados - e duas origens genéticas), totalizando seis tratamentos e cinco repetições, com dois animais por baia (parcela experimental). Os suínos DLPH apresentaram menor (P<0,05) consumo de ração e conversão alimentar durante a fase de crescimento. Machos imunocastrados apresentaram melhor (P<0,05) desempenho na fase de terminação. Não houve influência (P>0,05) da origem genética sobre as características de carcaça, já o rendimento de carcaça de fêmeas foi superior (P<0,05) ao de machos imunocastrados.(AU)
Considering the growth of pig immunocastration in Brazil and the lack of information on its effects in the different lineages and commercial crosses, this study aimed to evaluate the performance and quality of pork carcass from 70 to 150 days of different sexual categories and different genetic origins. The breeding males used were PIET (predominantly Pietrain genetics) and DLPH (similar proportion of Hampshire, Duroc, Large White, Pietrain). Twenty animals of each category were used, with initial mean weight of 25.0 kg housed in concrete floor bays. A randomized block design in a 3 x 2 factorial arrangement (three sex categories - females, castrated males and immunocastrated males - and two genetic origins) was used, totaling six treatments and five replications, with two animals per bay (experimental plot). DLPH pigs presented lower (P <0.05) feed intake and feed conversion during the growth phase. Immunocastrated males showed better (P <0.05) performance in the finishing phase. There was no influence (P> 0.05) of the genetic origin on the carcass traits and the carcass yield of females was higher (P <0.05) than that of the immunocastrated males.(AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Masculino , Feminino , Suínos , Castração/veterinária , Hormônio Liberador de Gonadotropina/antagonistas & inibidores , Vacinas Anticoncepcionais , Linhagem , Criação de Animais Domésticos , Abate de Animais , Bem-Estar do AnimalRESUMO
HLA-G is a nonclassical HLA immunotolerogenic molecule expressed in different human cell types. Successful embryo implantation is a consequence of information exchange between the uterus and the blastocyst. It is widely accepted that HLA-G expression by the fetus promotes the establishment of several mechanisms that, ultimately, would protect the developing embryo from maternal immune rejection and seems to be essential to both an adequate implantation and a healthy pregnancy. MicroRNAs miR-148a and miR-152 down-regulate HLA-G expression. The levels of both microRNAs in the placenta are very low. Although various contraceptive methods are available in the market, several of the most popular are based on hormone administration, an approach that have been causing concerns regarding their adverse effects. This scenario has led the research and development of new contraceptive methods meant to induce low disturbances in women body. Based on this context, we hypothesize that the delivery of miR-148a and miR-152 microRNAs, carried by liposomes, into the uterus, would locally induce a down-regulation of the immunotolerogenic HLA-G molecule. In this sense, a local concentration increase of both miR-148a and miR-152 would counteract HLA-G expression and therefore prevent pregnancy development, being a potential tool for the development of a new contraceptive therapy.
Assuntos
Anticoncepção Imunológica/métodos , Terapia Genética/métodos , Antígenos HLA-G/genética , Antígenos HLA-G/imunologia , Fenômenos Imunogenéticos/efeitos dos fármacos , Fenômenos Imunogenéticos/fisiologia , Modelos Imunológicos , Regulação para Baixo/imunologia , Feminino , Regulação da Expressão Gênica/efeitos dos fármacos , Regulação da Expressão Gênica/imunologia , Humanos , Modelos Genéticos , Vacinas Anticoncepcionais/administração & dosagem , Vacinas Anticoncepcionais/imunologiaRESUMO
To evaluate the effect of immunocastration on carcass and meat characteristics, Holstein bulls aged between 7 and 8months with a live weight of 232±1.19kg were given two separate treatments, placebo (intact bulls) versus Bopriva, and then slaughtered after approximately 239days of fattening. While the testosterone levels in intact bulls remained at 0.42ng/ml throughout the study, by day 181, differences (P<0.05) were observed in immunized bulls, with values of 0.21ng/ml. The carcasses of animals treated with Bopriva recorded both a higher hot carcass weight (HCW) and a cold carcass weight (CCW), as well as higher dorsal fat density, marbling and KPH (P<0.05); however, no differences (P>0.05) were observed in the Longissimus lumborum area. No significant differences (P>0.05) were recorded between the treatments for pH, L*, a*, b* C* and H*. The carcasses of the animals treated with Bopriva were heavier, with higher dorsal fat density and marbling score.
Assuntos
Castração/métodos , Qualidade dos Alimentos , Imunização/veterinária , Carne Vermelha/análise , Vacinas Anticoncepcionais/administração & dosagem , Animais , Animais Recém-Nascidos , Bovinos/imunologia , Cor , Concentração de Íons de Hidrogênio , Masculino , Músculo Esquelético/química , Testosterona/sangueRESUMO
Os contraceptivos injetáveis trimestrais representam métodos de longo prazo muito utilizados, sendo acessíveis a grande contingente de pacientes. São altamente eficazes e com fácil posologia, colaborando com eficiente planejamento familiar. Suas taxas de gravidez oscilam entre 0,0 e 0,7/100 mulheres por ano. É método contraceptivo interessante para pacientes que não desejam ingestão de comprimidos, que apresentam contraindicações ao uso de estrogênios, que optam por amenorreia e para as adolescentes. No Brasil, é comercializado com a formulação de 150 mg de Acetato de Medroxiprogesterona de depósito (AMPD). Injeções intramusculares são capazes de inibir a ovulação e, também, alterarem o muco cervical e o endométrio. Seus efeitos adversos são reduzidos, destacando-se ganho de peso, dor abdominal, cefaleia, mudança de humor e diminuição do desejo sexual. Estudos atuais não demonstram maior risco de fraturas, apesar de haver discreta diminuição na densidade óssea. Apresenta benefícios relevantes como diminuição no risco de câncer endometrial, de câncer ovariano, de doença inflamatória pélvica e pode apresentar efeito benéfico nos sintomas da endometriose. Os autores realizaram revisão sobre o contraceptivo injetável trimestral priorizando seu modo de uso, efeitos benéficos, efeitos adversos e critérios de elegibilidade para sua prescrição.(AU)
The progestin-only injectable contraceptives are long-term methods widely used. They are accessible to large numbers of patients and are highly effective and easy to use. This collaborate with effective family planning. The pregnancy rates range between 0.0 and 0.7/100 women per years. They are a good alternative for contraception to patients who do not wish intake of pills, have contraindications to the use of estrogens, choose to amenorrhea and are adolescents. In Brazil it is marketed with the formulation of 150 mg of medroxyprogesterone acetate depot (DMPA). Intramuscular injections are able to inhibit ovulation and also modifies the cervical mucus and endometrium. Its adverse effects are few, especially weight gain, abdominal pain, headache, mood swings and decreased sexual desire. Current studies show no increased risk of fractures, although there is a slight decrease in bone density. It offers significant benefits such as reduced risk of endometrial cancer, ovarian cancer, pelvic inflammatory disease and may have beneficial effect on the symptoms of endometriosis. The authors conducted a review of the progestin-only injectable contraceptive focusing on its manner of use, benefits, side effects and eligibility criteria for prescription.(AU)
Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Gravidez , Anticoncepção , Vacinas Anticoncepcionais , Medroxiprogesterona/administração & dosagem , Medroxiprogesterona/efeitos adversos , Conduta do Tratamento Medicamentoso , Contraindicações de Medicamentos , Eficácia de ContraceptivosRESUMO
PROBLEM: Evaluation of proacrosin/acrosin ability to induce an immune response in male mice after genetic immunization and assessment of animal fertility. METHOD OF STUDY: Mice received 50 µg per animal of a plasmid containing the human proacrosin cDNA (pSF2-Acro) (control: empty plasmid, pSF2). The humoral response was evaluated by ELISA and immunocytochemistry. In vivo fertility was assessed by mating immunized males with control females. The effect of antibodies upon Ca(+2)-ionophore-induced acrosomal exocytosis (AE) and in vitro sperm-zona pellucida (ZP) binding was also studied. RESULTS: pSF2-Acro-immunized mice developed high levels of specific antibodies (P < 0.05) that recognized the sperm acrosomal cap. The number of fertile mice was lower (P = 0.027) in pSF2-Acro-immunized animals than in controls. Litter size was smaller (P < 0.05) in the pSF2-Acro group compared with controls. A negative correlation (P < 0.05) between antibody levels and litter size was found. Antiproacrosin/acrosin antibodies inhibited sperm-ZP binding (P < 0.0001) and Ca(+2)-ionophore-induced AE (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: DNA immunization against proacrosin elicits an immune response in male mice associated with abnormal sperm functions and reduced fertility.
Assuntos
Acrosina/imunologia , Autoanticorpos/imunologia , Anticoncepção Imunológica , Precursores Enzimáticos/imunologia , Fertilidade/imunologia , Imunização , Vacinas Anticoncepcionais/imunologia , Vacinas de DNA/imunologia , Acrosina/genética , Animais , Precursores Enzimáticos/genética , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos BALB C , Interações Espermatozoide-Óvulo/imunologia , Espermatozoides/imunologia , Vacinas Anticoncepcionais/genética , Vacinas de DNA/genéticaRESUMO
Objetivo: Determinar la asociación entre el uso de Acetato de Medroxiprogesterona y el deseo sexual en usuarias del Servicio de Planificación Familiar del Instituto Nacional Materno Perinatal durante el periodo noviembre-diciembre del 2012. Materiales y métodos: Se trató de un estudio de casos y controles donde se asignaron 70 participantes: 35 con disminución del deseo sexual (casos) y 35 sin alteraciones del deseo sexual (controles) a las cuales se aplicó un formulario de recolección de datos y el instrumento Test del Deseo Sexual Inhibido. Posteriormente se analizó vía estadística descriptiva e inferencial chi cuadrado y OR IC 95 por ciento para la determinación de la relación. Resultados: Se observó que el 60 por ciento de los casos y un 45.7 por ciento de los controles fueron usuarias del método anticonceptivo inyectable trimestral, y que la probabilidad de presentar problemas en el deseo sexual siendo usuaria del inyectable trimestral estudiado es 2 veces mayor que siendo usuaria de otros métodos anticonceptivos que no contienen hormonas (OR: 1,8 IC 95 por ciento: 0,7-4,6), este dato resultó ser estadísticamente significativo (p=0,001). Conclusiones: Existe relación entre el uso de Acetato de Medroxiprogesterona y la disminución del deseo sexual.
Assuntos
Feminino , Humanos , Adulto , Acetato de Medroxiprogesterona/administração & dosagem , Acetato de Medroxiprogesterona/efeitos adversos , Comportamento Sexual , Planejamento Familiar , Vacinas Anticoncepcionais , Estudos Retrospectivos , Estudos Transversais , Estudos de Casos e ControlesRESUMO
Fusion between gametes is a key event in the fertilization process involving the interaction of specific domains of the sperm and egg plasma membranes. During recent years, efforts have been made toward the identification of the specific molecular components involved in this event. The present work will focus on the best characterized candidates for mediating gamete membrane fusion in mammals. These molecules include members of the ADAM (a disintegrin and a metalloprotease domain) family, i.e., testicular proteins fertilin alpha, fertilin beta, and cyritestin, which are thought to interact with integrins in the egg plasma membrane through their disintegrin domains, and a member of the cysteine-rich secretory proteins (CRISP) family, i.e., epididymal protein DE, which participates in an event subsequent to sperm-egg binding and leading to fusion through specific complementary sites localized on the fusogenic area of the egg surface. The identification and characterization of these molecules will contribute not only to a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying mammalian sperm-egg fusion but also to the development of new methods for both fertility regulation and diagnosis and treatment of human infertility.
Assuntos
Interações Espermatozoide-Óvulo/fisiologia , Proteínas ADAM , Animais , Cricetinae , Proteínas do Ovo/fisiologia , Feminino , Fertilinas , Glicoproteínas/fisiologia , Humanos , Masculino , Mamíferos/genética , Mamíferos/fisiologia , Fusão de Membrana , Glicoproteínas de Membrana/fisiologia , Mesocricetus , Metaloendopeptidases/fisiologia , Camundongos , Ratos , Proteínas e Peptídeos Salivares/fisiologia , Proteínas de Plasma Seminal/fisiologia , Especificidade da Espécie , Vacinas Anticoncepcionais , Zona Pelúcida/fisiologiaRESUMO
The zona pellucida (ZP) is the extracellular matrix surrounding the mammalian oocyte. This matrix consists of three families called ZP1, ZP2 and ZP3. These proteins suffer several posttraductional modifications to give them different immunological and functional properties. In mice has been demonstrated the important role of ZP3 as a receptor of sperm. In the past, research in this field was limited for the difficulty to get enough biological material from different mammalian species, especially from human sources. Recently, several laboratories have expressed ZP recombinant proteins, allowing the study of the proteins under physiologic and pathophysiological conditions, giving the possibility to utilize ZP as a contraceptive target.