Do the benefits of learning to write a compare-contrast text transfer to other types of writing task? Analysing the effects of strategy-focused instruction / ¿Es posible transferir el aprendizaje de un texto de comparación-contraste a otro tipo de tareas? Análisis de los efectos de la instrucción estratégica

El programa de Instrucción de la Autorregulación Cognitiva (CSRI) se basa en la instrucción centrada en la estrategia e incluye tres componentes para la mejora del producto textual (enseñanza directa, modelado y práctica entre iguales). Se plantearon como objetivosanalizar si la instrucción con el programa CSRI en un género textual (texto de comparación) conducía a la transferencia espontánea en el producto textual (mejor coherencia, estructura y calidad) en un género no instruido (texto de opinión); y examinar si el orden de los componentes instruccionales presentaba algún efecto. Participaron 126 estudiantes de cuarto de educación primaria que fueron asignados a una de las dos condiciones experimentales en las que se aplicaba el programa CSRI (con diferente secuencia de los componentes instructivos), o a una condición de control en la que se seguía la enseñanza tradicional. Los resultados reflejaron que las dos secuencias de instrucción del programa CSRI mostraban beneficios en la estructura y coherencia del producto textual de los estudiantes en el posttest pero no 8 meses después. Para que los alumnos sean capaces de transferir adecuadamente lo aprendido a géneros textuales no instruidos, necesitan que los profesores les enseñen cómo hacerlo eficazmente.(AU)

Cognitive Self-Regulation Instruction (CSRI) program is a strategy-focused instruction with three instructional components for im-proving students’ writing product (direct teaching, modelling, and peer-practice). The present study aimed to explore whether the CSRI program leads to spontaneous transfer, improving the writing product (in terms of quality, structure, and text coherence) of an uninstructed genre (opinion text); and to examine whether the order in which the instructional compo-nents were implemented had an effect. A total of 126 students in their 4thyear of primary school participated in the study. They were randomly as-signed to one of two experimental conditions which received the CSRI but differed in the order the instructional components were delivered, or to a control condition which followed the traditional teaching approach. Our findings show that both CSRI sequences produced benefits in terms of greater structure and coherence of the writing product in the opinion text at post-test but not 8months after the intervention. In consequence, for students to be able to adequately transfer strategies to uninstructed text genres, they need teachers to teach them how to do it effectively.(AU)

Publication patterns of graduates from a DNP program with submission of a manuscript as a degree requirement.

BACKGROUND: Nurses who earn a Doctor of Nursing Practice (DNP) degree are expected to make essential contributions to the scholarship of practice and the improvement of health care outcomes. The DNP program at Duke University School of Nursing requires that students demonstrate scholarship competence by writing a manuscript based on their DNP project and submitting it for publication. PURPOSE: The purpose of this article is to share an evaluation of the effectiveness of this approach. METHODS: The authors used a bibliometric study design. RESULTS: This study demonstrates that manuscripts authored by students based on the DNP projects they conduct while earning their DNP degree can be published and are cited by other scholars. Additionally, the majority of these authors continue to publish scholarly work in the nursing and broader health-focused literature after they graduate. CONCLUSION: Nurses who developed and submit manuscripts for publication based on their DNP project contribute to the literature and evidence base for practice.

Mirror invariance in the subsequent acquisition of a script with separate forms for reading and writing.

PURPOSE: Does suppression of mirror-invariance in one script generalize to a subsequently learned script? METHOD: We examined mirror invariance in writing and recognition among native Latin-scriptal children and adults (n = 181) learning the Hebrew print script (for reading), and among a subset (n = 92) also learning the Hebrew cursive script (for writing). Hebrew-Latin biscriptal Israeli adults (n = 17) provided comparison. RESULTS: For the most part, mirror invariance was more evident in Hebrew print than in Latin in both writing and recognition among native Latin-scriptals. The number of previously acquired scripts had no effect. Letters' text-frequency inversely affected written mirror-error frequency. Written reversal errors were less frequent in cursive; orientation recognition was more fluent in print. CONCLUSIONS: Mirror-invariance suppression in one's native script does not generalize to a subsequently acquired script. Factors affecting mirror-invariance suppression in the subsequent script include its form and function and individual letters' text-frequency.

Quantifying Radiology Residents' Learning Curves in Report Writing Performance Through Report Comparison and Jaccard Similarity.

Background Report writing skills are a core competency to be acquired during residency, yet objective tools for tracking performance are lacking. Purpose To investigate whether the Jaccard index, derived from report comparison, can objectively illustrate learning curves in report writing performance throughout radiology residency. Materials and Methods Retrospective data from 246 984 radiology reports written from September 2017 to November 2022 in a tertiary care radiology department were included. Reports were scored using the Jaccard similarity coefficient (ie, a quantitative expression of the amount of edits performed; range, 0-1) of residents' draft (unsupervised initial attempt at a complete report) or preliminary reports (following joint readout with attending physicians) and faculty-reviewed final reports. Weighted mean Jaccard similarity was compared between years of experience using Welch analysis of variance with post hoc testing overall, per imaging division, and per modality. Relationships with years and quarters of resident experience were assessed using Spearman correlation. Results This study included 53 residents (mean report count, 4660 ± 3546; 1-5 years of experience). Mean Jaccard similarity of preliminary reports increased by 6% from 1st-year to 5th-year residents (0.86 ± 0.22 to 0.92 ± 0.15; P < .001). Spearman correlation demonstrated a strong relationship between residents' experience and higher report similarity when aggregated for years (rs = 0.99 [95% CI: 0.85, 1.00]; P < .001) or quarters of experience (rs = 0.90 [95% CI: 0.73, 0.96]; P < .001). For residents' draft reports, Jaccard similarity increased by 14% over the course of the 5-year residency program (0.68 ± 0.27 to 0.82 ± 0.23; P < .001). Subgroup analysis confirmed similar trends for all imaging divisions and modalities (eg, in musculoskeletal imaging, from 0.77 ± 0.31 to 0.91 ± 0.16 [P < .001]; rs = 0.98 [95% CI: 0.72, 1.00] [P < .001]). Conclusion Residents' report writing performance increases with experience. Trends can be quantified with the Jaccard index, with a 6% improvement from 1st- to 5th-year residents, indicating its effectiveness as a tool for evaluating training progress and guiding education over the course of residency. © RSNA, 2024 Supplemental material is available for this article. See also the editorial by Bruno in this issue.

Exploring Expressive Writing with Patients With Chronic Pain During Primary Care Visits.

BACKGROUND: Patients living with chronic pain may feel frustrated with and neglected by clinicians who care for them, leading to negative health care experiences. Clinicians may struggle to find new ways to engage and connect with patients experiencing chronic pain. Both patients and clinicians may benefit from expressive writing by potentially improving communication and creating a deeper sense of connection within medical visits. METHODS: An expressive writing activity, the Three-Minute Mental Makeover (3MMM), was conducted with 15 patients living with chronic pain during primary care visits with 5 UW Health family medicine physicians. Patient and physician experience using the 3MMM was measured using pre- and post-visit surveys and individual interviews. RESULTS: Both physicians and patients viewed the experience of doing the 3MMM together positively. We identified 8 key themes from individual follow-up interviews with patients and physicians: (1) opening the door, (2) insight into the doctor/patient as a person, (3) peer-to-peer communication, (4) closeness and connection, (5) comfort and relaxation, (6) unexpected learning, (7) unexpected value to patients, and (8) vulnerability and self-disclosure. The most commonly reported barriers to physicians using the activity in practice were lack of time and persuading other physicians to do the activity. DSICUSSION: Patients with chronic pain and the clinicians who care for them may benefit from an expressive writing exercise, such as the 3MMM, in the key realms of building relationships, communication, and trust.

The Moderating Role of Dietary Quality and Dietary Fibre Intake on the Mood Effects of Positive Expressive Writing: A Pilot Study.

BACKGROUND: Positive expressive writing is associated with enhanced psychological wellbeing. Several individual differences are known to moderate the enhancement effects of positive expressive writing, but no studies to date have investigated the optimal dietary conditions under which expressive writing effects occur. In this pilot study, we sought to investigate whether diet quality and dietary fibre intake moderate the effects of positive writing on mood. METHODS: The participants (12 males, 25 females, Mage = 33.0, SDage = 13.1) completed self-reported measures of dietary quality, dietary fibre intake, and positive and negative affect. They were then randomly allocated to complete either a positive expressive writing or neutral writing activity for 10 min. Positive and negative affect were measured again immediately after each activity. RESULTS: Those participants who reported better diet quality and greater dietary fibre intake exhibited a significantly greater increase in positive affect following positive expressive writing relative to neutral writing. No significant effects were observed for negative affect. CONCLUSIONS: For the first time, we report that the effects of positive expressive writing on positive mood are enhanced under optimal dietary conditions. Further replication studies are needed to determine whether dietary factors can influence the conditions under which positive expressive writing benefits occur. We speculate that dietary influences on the gut-brain axis are a potential mechanism.

Prescription writing quality of psychotropic agents in MBBS interns in a private medical college hospital in Mangaluru.

Background: Rational prescription writing is an important skill to master during internship. This Quality Improvement (QI) project aimed to understand the state of prescription writing among interns posted in the Department of Psychiatry, analyze the causes responsible for errors in prescription writing and bring about a change in the current practice. Methods: The MBBS interns are posted in the Department of Psychiatry for 15 days. During day 1 to day 5 of their posting, a pre intervention phase was conducted wherein prescriptions written by interns in the Department of Psychiatry were collected. The prescriptions were scored based on 14 criteria which were selected based on World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines and Medical Council of India (MCI) ideal prescription format. During PDSA (Plan Do Study Act) Cycle 1, an educational handout was distributed to the interns containing the MCI ideal prescription format and WHO guidelines regarding prescription writing. The brochure was also verbally explained to the interns. From day 7 to day 15 of their posting, prescriptions written by the interns were collected. The prescriptions were scored using the same criteria. Results: During the pre intervention phase the mean total score of prescriptions was 9.54 ± 1.003. There was a significant improvement in the mean total score to 10.26 ± 0.746. There was a 7.54% improvement. There was also a significant improvement in several individual criteria. Conclusions: The first PDSA cycle was successful in improving the quality of prescription writing among interns posted in the Department of Psychiatry. There is a need to implement more PDSA cycles to improve the quality still further.

Humans-written versus ChatGPT-generated case reports.

AIM: Artificial intelligence, especially ChatGPT, has been used in various aspects of medicine; however, whether ChatGPT can be used in case report writing is unknown. This study aimed to provoke discussion and provide a platform for it. METHODS: I wrote a theoretical case report where cyst aspiration cured a twisted ovarian cyst (Manuscript 4). I tasked ChatGPT with generating case reports by inputting information at three different levels: (1) key message and case profile, (2) addition of key introduction information (including known facts and problems to be solved), and (3) further addition of main discussion points. These inputs resulted in the creation of Manuscripts 1-3, which were subjected to analysis. Manuscript 3, generated by ChatGPT with the deepest information input, was compared with Manuscript 4, the human-authored counterpart. RESULTS: With the least information, Manuscript 1 can stand on its own, but its content is superficial. The more detailed data input, the more readable and reasonable the manuscripts become. A human-written manuscript involves personal experience and viewpoints other than obstetrics-gynecology. CONCLUSIONS: Better input produced more reasonable and readable case reports. Human-written paper, compared with ChatGPT-generated one, can involve "human touch." Whether such human touch enriches the case report awaits further discussion. Whether ChatGPT can be used in case report writing, and if it can, to what extent, should be worthy of further study. I encourage every doctor to form their own stance towards ChatGPT use in medical writing.

[Human vs. ChatGPT. Is it possible obtain comparable results in the analysis of a scientific systematic review?] / Human vs ChatGPT. È possibile ottenere risultati paragonabili nell'analisi di scientific systematic review?

INTRODUCTION: There is growing interest in the use of ChatGPT in the writing and reviewing of scientific articles. In line with the nature of ChatGPT, we tested its effectiveness in the scientific article review process. METHODS: We compared the findings of a systematic review of the published literature, produced by researchers in the traditional way, with a version created by ChatGPT, obtained by providing the same inputs as the original paper and a set of instructions (prompts) optimized to obtain the same type of result; we also identified the process that led to a comparable result. In order to assess the effectiveness of ChatGPT in analyzing the systematic review, we selected an existing, replicable study on the experience of health care professionals in the use of digital tools in clinical practice, from which we extracted and downloaded the related 17 publications in Pdf format. Subsequently, we uploaded these references into ChatGPT, setting specific prompts detailing the professional profile required, the context of the application, the expected outputs, and the level of creative freedom (temperature) to a minimum to limit the possibility of "hallucinations". After verifying ChatGPT's understanding of the task, we performed several iterations of the prompt until we obtained a result comparable to the original review. Finally, we systematically compared the results obtained by ChatGPT with those of the reference review. RESULTS: The analysis showed that ChatGPT's results are comparable to human results, although 4 iterations of the prompt are required to approach the human benchmark. DISCUSSION: Although ChatGPT showed comparable capabilities in text review, human authors exhibited greater analytical depth in interpretation. Due to their greater creative freedom, the authors offered more details about the benefits of digital tools in the hospital setting. ChatGPT, however, enriched the analysis by including elements not contemplated initially. The final comparison revealed comparable macro-themes between the two approaches, emphasizing the need for careful human validation to ensure the full integrity and depth of the analysis. CONCLUSIONS: Generative artificial intelligence (AI), represented by ChatGPT, showed significant potential in revolutionizing the production of scientific literature by supporting healthcare professionals. Although there are challenges that require careful evaluation, ChatGPT's results are comparable to human results. The key element is not so much the superiority of AI over humans but the human ability to configure and direct AI for optimal or even potentially superior human results.

Can criticism lead to constructive dialogue? Reaffirming a novel study.

This letter takes a unique approach to the complex relationship between criticism and constructive dialogue, specifically in response to issues raised by a recent original article publication. While criticism is often viewed negatively, this article uncovers its potential to stimulate meaningful and productive discussions, particularly in novel studies. By examining certain misinterpretations, the article aims to demonstrate how criticism, when approached with openness and respect, can deepen the understanding and appreciation of original works, and inspire future research on lecture playback speeds. Drawing from specific matters arising based on one writer's Letter to the Editor, this response highlights the importance of cultivating a culture of constructive criticism in educational settings through a thorough response where criticism has led to fruitful dialogue, enabling readers to engage critically with texts and explore diverse interpretations. Ultimately, this article underscores the transformative potential of criticism as a tool for intellectual growth, by reaffirming the value of novel studies as sites for critical inquiry and potential constructive dialogue rather than a deterrent to meaningful engagement. It endeavors to provide practical insights and recommendations for writers, offering strategies for leveraging criticism to foster deeper collaboration and enrich future scholarly works.

Last Narratives: Life Writing Palliative Praxis.

Research on palliative care emphasizes the crucial role of narratives in the encounter with suffering and dying patients because we need to learn from the dying in order to improve care for them. Autobiographical narratives by terminally ill writers contribute to a more encompassing understanding of what it means to be dying as they often thematize dying and death, besides theorizing all kinds of implications of terminal illness. Among such autothanatographers are well-known writers such as Gillian Rose, Jenny Diski, and Tom Lubbock. The process of writing about the last stage of their lives is palliative narrative praxis because the narrative act alleviates suffering. Exploring dying and death in philosophical, literary, and often highly poetic terms needs to be read and interpreted within a more complex web of meaning-making.