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As Diretrizes Curriculares Nacionais para o Curso de Graduação em Odontologia orientam para uma formação humanista, crítica, reflexiva, e pautada em princípios éticos/bioéticos. Considerando que os coordenadores dos cursos de graduação são fundamentais no processo de formação, foi realizada uma pesquisa nacional, objetivando analisar o perfil acadêmico desses atores. Trata-se de pesquisa transversal, documental, exploratória e analítica. A coleta de dados ocorreu entre junho e julho de 2020, a partir da consulta aos currículos na Plataforma Lattes. Realizaram-se análises descritivas e univariada. Foram analisados os currículos dos coordenadores dos 446 cursos de Odontologia em atividade no Brasil. Destes, 53,0% eram do sexo masculino; 94,2% formados em Odontologia; 81,2% possuíam pelo menos uma especialização, 89,5% mestrado e 52,0% doutorado; 0,4% possuíam especialização em bioética e 0,7% em odontologia legal; 0,7% possuíam mestrado em odontologia legal; 11,7% já haviam lecionado disciplinas nas áreas de ética (deontológica e bioética); 3,8% participavam de projetos de pesquisa e 2,0% de projetos de extensão relacionados à ética; e 6,1% tinham publicações relacionadas à deontologia, ética e/ou bioética. Conclui-se que a maioria dos coordenadores possui cursos de especialização e mestrado, e pouco mais da metade possui doutorado. No entanto, poucos têm alguma formação nas áreas de ética e/ou bioética, ou apresentam projetos de extensão e pesquisa nesses campos do conhecimento (AU).

Las Directrices Curriculares Nacionales para los Cursos de Pregrado en Odontología prevén una formación humanística, crítica, y reflexiva basada en principios éticos/bioéticos. Considerando que los coordinadores de los cursos de pregrado son fundamentales en el proceso de formación, se realizó una pesquisa nacional para analizar el perfil académico de esos profesionales. Se trata de una investigación transversal, documental, exploratoria, y analítica. La colecta de datos se realizó entre junio y julio de 2020, a partir de la consulta de planes de estudio en la Plataforma Lattes. Se realizaron análisis descriptivos y univariados. Fueron analizados los currículos de los coordinadores de los 446 cursos de Odontología activos en Brasil. De los mismos, 53,0% eranhombres; 94,2% eran graduados en Odontología; 81,2% tenían por lo menos una especialización, 89,5% maestría y 52,0% doctorado; 0,4% tenían especialización en Bioética, y 0,7% en Odontología Legal; 11,7% ya había impartido asignaturas en las áreas de ética(deontológica y bioética); 3,8% participaba en proyectos de investigación, y 2,0% en proyectos de extensión relacionados con la ética; 6,1% tenía publicaciones relacionadas con la deontología, la ética y/o la bioética. Se concluye que la mayoría de los coordinadores tienen títulos de especialización y maestría, y poco más de la mitad tienen un doctorado. No obstante, pocos tienen formación en las áreas de ética y/o bioética, o presentan proyectos de extensión e investigación en estos campos del conocimiento (AU).

The National Curriculum Guidelines for the Undergraduate Course in Dentistry guide towards for humanistic, critical, and reflective education, with activities based on ethical/bioethical principles. Considering that undergraduate course coordinators are essential in conducting the education process, a nationwide study was carried out with the objective of evaluating the academic profile of these actors. This is a cross-sectional, documentary, exploratory, and analytical study. The data collection was carried out between June and July 2020, from the consultation of curricula on the Lattes Platform. Descriptive and univariate analyses were performed. The curricula of the coordinators from 446 Dentistry courses in activity in Brazil were analyzed. Of these, 53.0% were male; 94.2% graduated in Dentistry; 81.2% had at least one specialization, 89.5% had a master's degree, and 52.0% had a doctorate; 0.4% had a specialization in bioethics and 0.7% in legal dentistry; 11.7% had already lectured subjects in ethics (deontology and bioethics); 3.8% had participated in research projects, and 2.0% in extension projects related to ethics; while 6.1% had publications related to deontology, ethics, and/or bioethics. It is concluded that most coordinators have specialization and master's degrees, and just over half have a doctorate. However, few have some training in the areas of ethics and/or bioethics, or have extension and research projects in these fields of knowledge (AU).

RESUMEN

Introducción: Los profesionales del área de odontología se ven expuestos a diferentes tipos de ruidos generados en el ambiente laboral producidos durante el ejercicio de su práctica clínica, originados, entre otros, por el instrumental y los aparatos rotatorios de uso diario. Estos niveles de ruido pueden variar de acuerdo a la especialidad clínica. Objetivo: Determinar el nivel de ruido producido durante los procedimientos odontológicos en las clínicas de una facultad de odontología. Material y Métodos: A partir de un estudio de corte transversal analítico y mediante muestreo no probabilístico a conveniencia se realizó el reconocimiento de las unidades en las especialidades odontológicas a evaluar. Se usó un sonómetro digital BENETECH GM1352, nivel de frecuencia A, rango 30-130 dB, exactitud más o menos 1,5 dB. Se utilizaron las pruebas U de Mann Whitney y Kruskal Wallis para determinar diferencias en los niveles de ruido entre las especialidades odontológicas. Resultados: La mediana del nivel de ruido medido en general fue de 75,94 dB (RIC 74,12 ­ 77,51), la especialidad clínica en la que mayor ruido se identificó fue la operatoria dental (mediana 77,34 y RIC 76,44 ­79,4 dB). Conclusiones: las áreas clínicas operatoria dental, rehabilitación, endodoncia y odontopediatría corresponden a las especialidades donde los niveles de ruido determinados se ajustan a los límites permitidos por la normatividad vigente en Colombia para el ruido medido en ambiente laboral.

Introduction: Dental professionals are exposed to different noise levels in their work environment during their clinical practice, mainly caused by dental instruments and rotary instruments used on a daily basis. Noise levels may vary according to the type of clinical specialty. Objective: To determine noise levels during dental procedures in dental school clinics. Materials and Methods: An analytical cross-sectional study was conducted by means of non-probability convenience sampling to determine dental specialties to be evaluated. BENETECH GM1352 30-130dB Digital Sound Level Meter with accuracy +/- 1.5 dB and A weighting was used for measurements. Mann-Whitney U and Kruskal-Wallis H tests were used to identify differences in noise levels among dental specialties. Results: Measured median noise level was 75.94 dB (RCI 74.21 -77.51), dental surgery was identified to have the highest noise among clinical specialties (median 77.34 and RCI 76.44 -79.4 dB). Conclusions: Dental surgery, oral rehabilitation, endodontics and pediatric dentistry were found to be the clinical specialties where noise exposure is within the limits established by Colombian regulations for noise in the workplace.

Introdução: Os profissionais da área da odontologia estão expostos a diferentes tipos de ruído gerado no ambiente de trabalho produzido durante o exercício da sua prática clínica, proveniente, entre outros, de instrumentos e aparelhos rotativos em uso diário. Estes níveis de ruído podem variar de acordo com a especialidade clínica. Objetivo: Determinar o nível de ruído produzido durante procedimentos odontológicos nas clínicas de uma escola de odontologia. Material e Métodos: Com base em um estudo analítico transversal e por meio de amostragem por conveniência não probabilística, foram levantadas as unidades das especialidades odontológicas a serem avaliadas. Foi utilizado um sonómetro digital BENETECH GM1352, nível de frequência A, faixa de medição 30-130 dB, precisão mais ou menos 1,5 dB. Os testes U de Mann Whitney e Kruskal Wallis foram usados para determinar as diferenças nos níveis de ruído entre as especialidades odontológicas. Resultados: O nível de ruído médio medido globalmente foi de 75,94 dB (RIC 74,12 - 77,51), sendo que a especialidade clínica em que foi identificado o maior ruído foi a cirurgia dentária (média 77,34 e RIC 76,44 -79,4 dB). Conclusões: as áreas clínicas de cirurgia dentária, reabilitação, endodontia e odontologia pediátrica correspondem às especialidades onde os níveis de ruído determinados estão de acordo com os limites permitidos pela regulamentação em vigor na Colômbia para o ruído medido no ambiente de trabalho.

RESUMEN

el uso constante de material punzocortante e instrumental rotatorio y la flora bacteriana de la cavidad oral del paciente representan un peligro latente de contagio en los estudiantes de odonto-logía. El objetivo del estudio fuedeterminar la asociación entre los conocimientos y las actitudes sobre accidentes ocupacionales en prácticas clínicas de alumnos de odontología de una clínica universitaria de Lima (Perú). Materiales y métodos:estudio observacional, analítico de asociación y transversal. El universo incluyó 156 alumnos. Los conocimientos y las actitudes se evaluaron mediante una encuesta adaptada de 24 preguntas, previa validación interna por juicio de expertos. Se calcularon proporcio-nes para las variables cualitativas y medidas de tendencia central (mediana) para la variable edad. De la misma manera, se usaron la prueba de chi-cuadrado para comparar las variables cualitativas y la prueba U de Mann-Whitney para comparar las variables cualitativas con la variable cuantitativa edad. Se aceptó una significancia de 0.05. Resultados: el 78.2 % de los participantes tuvo un conocimiento alto frente al manejo de accidentes ocupacionales; de la misma manera, el 72.4 % manifestó una actitud posi-tiva. No se encontró asociación estadísticamente significativa (p > 0.05) entre las variables conocimien-tos y actitud. Por otro lado, el 69.1 % de los estudiantes sufrió al menos un accidente ocupacional durante sus prácticas clínicas, en su mayoría causado por el explorador (65.1 %). Conclusiones:no se encontró asociación significativa entre las variables conocimiento y actitud; sin embargo, una gran cantidad de estudiantes sufrieron al menos un accidente ocupacional.

The constant use of sharp materials and rotating instruments and the bacterial flora pres-ent in the oral cavity of patients represent a persistent risk of infection among dental students. This study was designed to determine the association between the level of knowledge and attitude toward postex-posure management of occupational accidents in the clinical practice of dental students at a university clinic in Lima, Peru.Materials and Methods:This was an observational, analytical, and cross-sectional study. The study sample consisted of 156 dentistry students. The students' level of knowledge and atti-tude was evaluated using an adapted survey consisting of 24 questions, after the internal validation by expert judgment. Proportions were calculated for qualitative variables and central tendency measures (median) for the age variable. In the same way, the chi-square test and Mann­Whitney U test were used to determine variable associations. Significance was set at 0.05.Results: Of the study participants, 78.2% had high knowledge of occupational accident management; moreover, 72.4% demonstrated a positive attitude. No statistically significant association (p > 0.05) was found between the knowledge and attitude variables. Furthermore, 69.1% of the students had at least one occupational accident during their clin-ical practice, prevailing the explorer with 65.1%. Conclusions: No association was found between the knowledge and attitude variables; however, several students had at least one occupational accident.

a rotina de uso constante de material perfurocortante, instrumentos rotativos e a flora bacte-riana contida na cavidade oral do paciente representam um perigo latente de contágio em estudantes de odontologia. O objetivo do estudo foi determinar a associação entre o nível de conhecimento e atitudes sobre acidentes de trabalho em práticas clínicas de estudantes de odontologia de uma clínica universi-tária em Lima (Peru). Materiaisemétodos: estudo observacional, analítico de associação e transversal. O universo amostral incluiu 156 estudantes do curso de odontologia. O nível de conhecimento e atitudes foram avaliados por meio de um questionário adaptado de 24 questões, após validação interna por espe-cialistas. Foram calculadas proporções para as variáveis qualitativas, e medidas de tendência central (mediana) para a variável idade. Da mesma forma, foi utilizado o teste qui-quadrado para a comparação das variáveis qualitativas e o teste U de Mann-Whitney para a comparação das variáveis qualitativas com a variável quantitativa idade. Foi aceito um nível de significância de 0,05. Resultados: 78,2% dos parti-cipantes apresentaram alto conhecimento sobre o gerenciamento de acidentes de trabalho; da mesma forma, 72,4% expressaram uma atitude positiva. Não foi encontrada associação estatisticamente signi-ficativa (p > 0,05) entre as variáveis conhecimento e atitude. Por outro lado, 69,1% dos alunos sofreram pelo menos um acidente de trabalho durante suas práticas clínicas, em sua maioria causado pelo explora-dor, com 65,1%. Conclusões: não foi encontrada associação significativa entre as variáveis conhecimento e atitude, no entanto, grande parte dos estudantes sofreu pelo menos um acidente de trabalho.

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Abstract The aim was to determine the prevalence and types of the allergies present among dental professionals in Costa Rica. We performed a cross-sectional study on 664 dentists who completed a self-reported questionnaire. A descriptive cross-sectional study with inferential analysis was carried out. Dentists reported allergies prior to studying dentistry in 39% of cases, 36% reported chronic illnesses, and 61% of the dentists reported first-degree relatives with some type of allergic reaction. Different allergies had a similar prevalence among the dental professionals (ranging between 19%-26%), all allergic manifestations occurred within the first 120 minutes after exposure. The average time of exposure to dentistry-related environments was 16 years (95% CI) among all the dentists surveyed. There is a positive correlation between the presence of a chronic illness and the predisposition to develop allergic reactions among dentists. In addition, there is a directly proportional relationship between age, time of exposure to dental environments, and the risk of developing allergic conditions to dental materials. The main adverse reactions reported due to exposure to dental materials, medicines and/or food were gastrointestinal, skin, and respiratory problems.

Resumen El objetivo del estudio fue determinar la prevalencia y tipo de alergias presentes entre los odontólogos en Costa Rica. Se realizó un estudio transversal descriptivo en 664 dentistas que completaron un cuestionario, utilizando análisis inferencial para el procesamiento de los resultados. Los odontólogos reportaron alergias previo a estudiar odontología en un 39% de los casos, el 36% informó enfermedades crónicas y el 61% de los dentistas mencionó tener familiares en primer grado que habían presentado algún tipo de reacción alérgica. Diferentes tipos de alergias tuvieron una prevalencia similar entre los odontólogos (oscilando entre el 19% y el 26%), todas las manifestaciones alérgicas ocurrieron dentro de los primeros 120 minutos después de la exposición al alergeno. El tiempo medio de exposición a entornos relacionados con la odontología fue de 16 años (IC del 95%) entre todos los dentistas encuestados. Existe una correlación positiva entre la presencia de una enfermedad crónica y la predisposición a desarrollar reacciones alérgicas entre los dentistas. Además, existe una relación directamente proporcional entre edad, tiempo de exposición a entornos dentales, y el riesgo de desarrollar reacciones alérgicas a los materiales dentales. Las principales reacciones adversas notificadas posterior a la exposición a materiales dentales, medicamentos y/o alimentos fueron problemas gastrointestinales, cutáneos y respiratorios.

RESUMEN

La relación entre la exposición a los ruidos y la pérdida auditiva se considera desde hace muchos años. La comunidad odontológica no está exenta de este problema, ya que los profesionales trabajan a diario, y durante tiempos prolongados, con instrumentos ruidosos. Esta revisión bibliográfica tiene como propósito realizar una actualización acerca del riesgo de pérdida auditiva inducida por ruido en el personal que trabaja en la clínica odontológica. En la actualidad, se afirma que los odontólogos y el personal en la clínica dental corren el riesgo de contraer diversas patologías auditivas ­como es el caso de la hipoacusia­ debido al ruido que producen los equipos de alta velocidad. Las enfermedades profesionales del tipo auditivas que se abordan en este trabajo constituyen factores que comprometen no solo el buen estado de salud de los odontólogos y demás profesionales, sino su calidad de vida (AU)

The relationship between noise exposure and hearing loss has been known for many years. The dental community is not exempt from this problem, because they work every day and for long periods of time with noisy instruments. This literature review aims to update the risk of noise-induced hearing loss in personnel working in the dental clinic. The risk to which dentists and staff in the dental clinic are subjected to the high-speed and other noisy equipment is well known, and that can cause various auditory problems such as hearing loss. The occupational diseases of the auditory type that were addressed in this article constitute factors that compromise not only the good state of health of dentists and other professionals who work in similar conditions, but also in their quality of life (AU)

RESUMEN

A terapia ocupacional pode ser aplicada no setor odontológico, modificando o ambiente dos consultórios e ambulatórios no que tange à decoração, além de adotar a música no ambiente com o objetivo de minimizar a tensão dos indivíduos no transcorrer dos procedimentos. Com o recurso da terapia ocupacional pode-se ainda fazer emprego do mobiliário, objetivando melhorar a postura dos pacientes nas cadeiras odontológicas. Nesse contexto, torna-se extremamente importante tecer orientações e embasamento à respeito das medidas adotadas e de seus benefícios, orientando tanto o cirurgião dentista como a família dos pacientes. No âmbito odontológico, pacientes especiais podem ser inseridos em nove grupos, são eles: doenças sistêmicas crônicas; doenças infectocontagiosas; condições sistêmicas; anomalias congênitas; deficiência física; deficiência mental; transtornos psiquiátricos; distúrbios comportamentais e distúrbios sensoriais e de comunicação. O terapeuta ocupacional faz uso dos conhecimentos médicos e sociais para dar andamento aos recursos terapêuticos e para atuar na assistência odontológica aos pacientes especiais. Busca-se um melhor posicionamento desses pacientes na cadeira do equipo odontológico que se acha instalado para utilização nos atendimentos no decorrer dos procedimentos dentários a serem executados; inibição de movimentos involuntários e a humanização do ambiente, procurando adaptações que sejam condizentes com as necessidades presentes em particular. O objetivo do presente artigo foi verificar a possível inter-relação existente entre terapia ocupacional e a assistência à saúde prestada em odontologia voltada aos pacientes especiais. Realizou-se revisão narrativa de literatura com busca nas bases de dados: Google Acadêmico, PubMED envolvendo levantamento de estudos e artigos que versavam sobre a utilização da terapia ocupacional no atendimento odontológico aos pacientes especiais. No Google Acadêmico buscou-se dar ênfase às pesquisas realizadas entre 2014 e 2019. No PubMED considerou-se todo o acervo disponível na base de dados quando da realização da pesquisa, independentemente da data de publicação dos trabalhos. A utilização da terapia ocupacional a nível odontológico age favoravelmente nos indivíduos, podendo melhorar a qualidade de vida dos pacientes especiais em tratamento.

Occupational therapy can be applied in the dental sector, modifying the environment of offices and outpatient clinics with regard to decoration, in addition to adopting music in the environment with the aim of minimizing the tension of individuals during the procedures. With the use of occupational therapy, it is also possible to use furniture, aiming to improve the patients' posture in dental chairs. In this context, it is extremely important to provide guidance and support regarding the measures adopted and their benefits, in addition to guiding both the dental surgeon and the patients' family. In the dental field, special patients can be placed in nine groups, they are: chronic systemic diseases; infectious diseases; systemic conditions; congenital anomalies; physical disability; mental disability; psychiatric disorders; behavioral disorders and sensory and communication disorders. The occupational therapist makes use of medical and social knowledge to develop therapeutic resources and to provide dental care to special patients. It is sought a better positioning of these patients in the chair of the dental equipment that is installed for use in the visits during the dental procedures to be performed; inhibition of involuntary movements and humanization of the environment, seeking adaptations that are consistent with the particular needs present. The aim of this article was to verify the possible interrelationship between occupational therapy and health care provided in dentistry for special patients. A narrative literature review was carried out with a search in the databases: Google Scholar, PubMED, involving a survey of studies and articles dealing with the use of occupational therapy in dental care for special patients. Google Scholar sought to emphasize the research carried out between 2014 and 2019. In PubMED, the entire collection available in the database was considered when the research was carried out, regardless of the date of publication of the works. The use of occupational therapy at the dental level acts favorably on individuals, and may improve the quality of life of special patients undergoing treatment.

RESUMEN

O objetivo desse trabalho foi avaliar o perfil profissional dos egressos da Faculdade de Odontologia da Universidade Federal de Pelotas,participantes do Programa de Educação Tutorial (PET). Foi realizada uma pesquisa descritiva, de natureza qualitativa e quantitativa, utilizando um questionário eletrônico estruturado eautoaplicável como instrumento de coleta e enviado, via correspondência eletrônica, à todos os egressos que participaram efetivamente do grupo PET e aceitaram participar desta pesquisa. Atividade profissional, níveis de formação e objetivos propostos pelo programa foram avaliados. O total de egressos foi de 89, desde a criação do grupo, em 1992, até o ano de 2019. Com as respostas obtidas (n=59), verificou-se que maior parte dos egressos que aderiram a pesquisa concluíram o curso entre os anos de 2004 até 2018 (59.3%), e apenas 24 (40.6%) em período anterior a 2004. Verificou-se que 25% atuam no serviço público, 44% no setor privado e 22% atuam em ambos. Em relaçãoàtitulação, apenas 4(6,8%)não possuem nenhuma pós-graduação, e 53 (89.8%) atuam na regiãoSul do país, 36 (61%) sãodo sexo feminino e 23 (39%) do masculino. Ao final do questionário, foi perguntado arespeito da influência da participação no Programasobre a trajetória profissional, com uma escala de intensidade progressiva de 1 a 5, gerando 19 respostas com nível 4 e 39respostas com nível 5. Os resultados evidenciaram uma influência muito positiva da participação no Programa na vida profissional de seus ex-participantes, tanto no mercado de trabalho, quanto na vivência de pós-graduação (AU).

This study evaluated the professional profile of graduates of the School of Dentistry at the Federal University of Pelotas, participants of the Tutorial Education Program (PET). A descriptive research was conducted, of qualitative and quantitative nature, using a structured and self-administered electronic questionnaire as collection instrument, sent by email to all graduates who effectively participated in the PET group and agreed to participate in this study. The study assessed the professional activity, traininglevels and objectives proposed by the program. The total number of graduates was 89, since the group was created in 1992 until 2019. The answers obtained (n=59) revealed that most graduates who joined the survey completed the course between the years 2004to 2018 (59.3%), and only 24 (40.6%) in the period before 2004. It was found that 25% work in public services, 44% in the private sector and 22% work in both. Concerning the degree, only 4 (6.8%) did not attend postgraduation education, and 53 (89.8%) work in the Southern region of the country, 36 (61%) are females and 23 (39%) are males. At completion of the questionnaire, the participants were asked about the influence of participation in the Program on their professional career, with a scale of progressive intensity from 1 to 5, retrieving 19 responses with score 4 and 39 responses with score 5. The results evidenced a positive influence from participation in the Program in the professional lives of former participants, both in the job market and in the postgraduation experience (AU).

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Introducción: es frecuente la ocurrencia de los accidentes profesionales en la práctica odontológica, los mismos pueden llegar a provocar numerosas molestias y enfermedades.Objetivo: determinar la frecuencia de aparición de los accidentes en profesionales y técnicos de atención estomatológica en el municipio de Güines.Métodos: se realizó un estudio observacional descriptivo transversal, de septiembre del 2018 a marzo del 2019; La población objeto de estudio estuvo integrada por 60 Estomatólogos y 58 técnicos de la Clínica Estomatológica Docente de Güines “Andrés Ortiz Junco”, provincia Mayabeque. Se confeccionó una planilla para la recolección de datos. Se utilizó como medida resumen el porcentaje tanto para las variables cuantitativas como cualitativas, y se presentaron los resultados en tablas de salida.Resultados: el 82.61 % del personal de salud refirió la ocurrencia de accidentes en reiteradas ocasiones, en los estomatólogos el 52.17 % y en los técnicos el 47.83 %; la causa preponderante fue el estrés (40 %). Las agujas son los objetos lesionantes que preponderaron (64.34 %) y el 90 % presentó lesiones cutáneas. El 44.91 % de los estudiados conocían parcialmente la conducta a seguir postaccidente.Conclusiones: los accidentes profesionales se presentan con alta frecuencia en los estomatólogos y técnicos, la mayoría refiere la ocurrencia de accidentes en reiteradas ocasiones, la causa que predomina es la sobrecarga emocional, las agujas y exploradores muestran las cifras más elevadas de objetos lesionantes, las perforaciones cutáneas son el tipo de lesión que prevalece y el conocimiento de la conducta a seguir postaccidente se considera insuficiente.(AU)

Introduction: science constitutes a complex social phenomenon with the purpose of production, diffusion and application of knowledge. In the Cuban Universities, the process of science and technological innovation promotes the promotion and generalization of scientific results that garantee sustainable impacts.Objective: to describe the behavior of some subsystems of science and technological innovation in Mayabeque as a result of the implementation of Science and Technics Methodological dossier.Methods: a descriptive, transversal study was carried out in the department of science and technological innovation of Mayabeque Faculty of Medical Sciences, from January to December, 2018. The Universe was composed by the subsystems under the Science and Technics direction. For the selection of the sample a non-probabilistic, intentional method was used, and it was formed by four subsystems: projects, scientific and technical results, scientific production, and scientific category.Results: projects related to residence final theses prevailed (91.06 per cent), related to the Scientific results the 33.33 per cent corresponded problems of special groups, publications were increased in a 96.5 per cent taking into account 2017, nine investigators records were approved , two “Young Investigator” prizes were obtained, A prize of the Ministry of Science , Technology and Environment and three Annual Health Prize.Conclusions: the implementation of the Science and Technological Innovation dossier in University centers, Primary and Secondary Health Care Institutions obtained relevant results in one of the subsystems of Science and Technics in Mayabeque province.(AU)

RESUMEN

The work conditions of dental surgeons (DS), associated with low compliance to precautionary standards, often lead to the colonization and dissemination of infectious agents. To assess the epidemiological and microbiological aspects of nasal colonization by Gram-negative bacteria in DS while teaching (dentistry teachers). The data were collected by application of a questionnaire and a nasal swab. The biochemical identification, the susceptibility profile and the detection of ß-lactamases were carried out in Vitek 2 compact®. 41 (77.3%) DS participated in the study, nine of them (22.0%) presented nasal colonization by Enterobacteriaceae, the participants were predominantly men (27/65.9%), over 50 years of age (24/58.5%). All of them confirmed using procedure gloves and a surgical mask while attending patients, with frequent (95.5%) hand washing although a statistical difference was found regarding personal habits (p=0.03). Enterobacter aerogenes (60.0%) was the most prevalent species, followed by Citrobacter koseri (20.0%). The intrinsic production of AmpC ß-lactamase by E. aerogenesspecies, which is multiresistant to antimicrobials, was present in the nasal cavity of 14.6% of the DS. There were high levels of nasal colonization by Enterobacteriaceae in teaching DS (22.0%), 14.6% had been colonized by multiresistant microorganisms and the results were associated with inadequate personal habits.

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Introdução: Precauções padrão(PP) são normas de prevenção que devem ser utilizadas na assistência a todos os pacientes, independente de seu diagnóstico sorológico prévio. Dentre as PP temos medidas simples como a lavagem das mãos, o uso adequado de todos os equipamentos de proteção individual (EPIs) e a imunização contra patógenos que podem ser transmitidos durante acidentes de trabalho com material biológico. Objetivo: Verificar ações de precaução padrão em biossegurança realizadas por docentes e discentes em clínica escola, para controle de infecção durante atendimento odontológico. Material e Métodos: Realizou-se pesquisa com delineamento transversal descritiva. Os dados foram coletados por meio de dois questionários, um para 21 docentes coordenadores das disciplinas clínicas do 3º ao 9º períodos da graduação em Odontologia e outro para sete discentes, líderes de turmas. A análise estatística foi realizada através do programa IBM SPSS versão 22.0. Resultados: A maioria dos entrevistados era do gênero feminino. Todos os discentes e 95,2% dos docentes fazem uso rotineiro de EPIs. Dentre os professores pesquisados, 52,4% já sofreram acidente com perfurocortantes, o que também foi observado em 14,3% dos acadêmicos. Os 21 docentes e a maioria dos discentes conheciam os procedimentos a serem realizados após acidentes com exposição sanguínea. A maioria dos entrevistados relatou conhecer o protocolo de biossegurança e as normas para controle de infecção cruzada. Conclusão: Grande parte dos pesquisados relataram conhecer as normas de biossegurança, no entanto os mesmos ainda sentem necessidade de aprimorar no que se refere ao tema investigado. É relevante estimular a revisão de protocolos para controle de infecções em Instituições de Ensino Superior em Odontologia.

Introduction: Standard precautions (SP) are prevention standards that should be used to assist all patients. SP are used regardless of previous serological diagnosis of the patients. Among the SP we have simple measures such as hand washing, proper use of all personal protective equipment (PPE) and immunization. Objective: To verify standard precautionary actions in biosafety carried out by teachers and students in clinical school. Material andMethods: Research with descriptive cross-sectional design. The data were collected through two questionnaires. The questionnaire was applied to 21 coordinating teachers of the clinical disciplines from the 3rd to the 9th graduation period in dentistry and another for 7 students, the leader of these classes. A statistical analysis was done through the IBM SPSS version 22.0 program. Results: The majority of respondents were female. All students and 95.2% of teachers routinely use all PPE. Of the teachers, 52.4% and 14.3% of the academics already suffered the accident with sharps. All the teachers and most of the students know the procedures in which they are submitted to accidents with the blood disease. Most interviewees reported on the biosafety protocol and criteria for cross-infection control. Conclusion: Most of the respondents reported knowing biosafety standards. However they still feel the need to improve on the subject investigated. It is relevant to stimulate the revision of protocols for infection control in Higher Education Institutions in Dentistry.

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Aim: The objective of this research was to evaluate the prevalence of painful symptoms among dental academics, as well as their associated factors. Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out at a public higher education institution, and the study population (n = 303) included undergraduate students who studied at least one subject that included clinical activities. For data collection, two self-administered questionnaires were delivered to the participants, the first of which consisted of sociodemographic variables, academic life, harmful habits, physical activity practice, and general health. The validated Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire was used to identify musculoskeletal symptoms, the need to seek health resources, and to assess whether the disorders interfered with the work activities of academics. Results: The presence of pain in the past 12 months was observed in 199 participants (82.6%). Several variables, including gender, number of courses performed, physical activity, and general health status, had an association with painful symptoms in at least one area of the body (GA) over the past 12 months. In addition, variable general health was associated with pain symptoms in any area of the body (DG) over the past seven days. Conclusion: There was a high prevalence of musculoskeletal symptoms, especially in the upper limbs, and there were associations between muscular pain and the number of disciplines studied and between muscular pains and the general health of the students

RESUMEN

La Odontología está entre las ocupaciones más afectadas por la insatisfacción y el Síndrome de Burnout, un estado de agotamiento mental que incide negativamente en la calidad de vida del trabajador y la eficiencia de los servicios que presta en los Sistemas de Salud Pública. El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar la satisfacción en el trabajo y estimar la prevalencia del Síndrome de Burnout en los profesionales que integran los equipos de salud bucal de atención primaria en el municipio Sobral, Ceará-Brasil. Fue realizado un estudio transversal con 35 Cirujanos-Dentistas (CD) y 15 Técnicos/Auxiliares de Salud Bucal (TSB/ASB), por medio de los cuestionarios Occupational Stress Indicatory Maslach Burnout Inventory-Human Services Survey. Los resultados indicaron distintos niveles de insatisfacción entre los CD y los TSB/ASB; con una prevalencia general baja de Burnout (2%), sin diferencias entre grupos. La alta insatisfacción laboral y mayor expresión parcial de subescalas para Burnout reflejan la importancia de la investigación de estados poco saludables en equipos de Salud Bucal(AU)

Dentistry is one of the occupations most affected by dissatisfaction and burnout syndrome, an mental exhaustion state which negatively affects the worker's quality of life and efficiency of services provided by the national health service. The objective of this study was to analyze job satisfaction and estimate the prevalence of burnout syndrome in oral health professionals who work in primary care centers in the municipality of Sobral, Ceará-Brazil. We performed a cross-sectional study of 35 dentists (D) and 15 dental health technicians/assistants (DAusing the Occupational Stress Indicator and Maslach Burnout Inventory- Human Services Survey questionnaires. The level of dissatisfaction differed between D and DA, with a low overall prevalence of burnout syndrome (2%) and no between-group differences. The high level of job dissatisfaction and greater partial expression of burnout subscales underscore the importance of further researching unhealthy workplace factors in oral health teams(AU)

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Musculoskeletal disorders (MSD) are an occupational health problem that demands a high cost and may also reduce the quality of life and productivity of the dentists. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of MSD and its association with self-reported joint damage in dentists from São Paulo (Brazil). METHODS: This was a cross-sectional study performed from two self-administered questionnaires - the Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire and the other containing demographic and occupational data - in 6072 dentists. Between April and May 2014, 5885 questionnaires were distributed via e-mail through São Paulo Regional Board of Dentistry (CRO-SP) and 187 in Congress and public offices. Multivariable logistic regression was used to assess the association between explanatory variables (sex, age, level of education, duration of practice in years, number of patients seen per day, previous receipt of information about ergonomics, physical activity, and the presence of joint damage) and MSD. RESULTS: Two hundred eighty-six valid questionnaires were returned. The prevalence of MSD was 63.6% (N.=182). Multivariable logistic regression showed that only the factor of self-reported joint damage has a significant association with MSD (OR 0.001; 95% CI: 0.000-0.007). Concerning the self-reported joint damage (60.1%), the carpal tunnel syndrome was the most frequent (13.2%). CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of MSD in dentists from São Paulo is high, and carpal tunnel syndrome is the most common self-reported joint damage.

RESUMEN

The aims of this study were to adapt the Job Factors Questionnaire to the field of dentistry, evaluate its psychometric properties, evaluate dental students' perceptions of work/study risk factors for musculoskeletal disorders, and determine the influence of gender and academic level on those perceptions. All 580 students enrolled in two Brazilian dental schools in 2015 were invited to participate in the study. A three-factor structure (Repetitiveness, Work Posture, and External Factors) was tested through confirmatory factor analysis. Convergent validity was estimated using the average variance extracted (AVE), discriminant validity was based on the correlational analysis of the factors, and reliability was assessed. A causal model was created using structural equation modeling to evaluate the influence of gender and academic level on students' perceptions. A total of 480 students completed the questionnaire for an 83% response rate. The responding students' average age was 21.6 years (SD=2.98), and 74.8% were women. Higher scores were observed on the Work Posture factor items. The refined model presented proper fit to the studied sample. Convergent validity was compromised only for External Factors (AVE=0.47), and discriminant validity was compromised for Work Posture and External Factors (r2=0.69). Reliability was adequate. Academic level did not have a significant impact on the factors, but the women students exhibited greater perception. Overall, the adaptation resulted in a useful instrument for assessing perceptions of risk factors for musculoskeletal disorders. Gender was found to significantly influence all three factors, with women showing greater perception of the risk factors.

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Se realizó un estudio observacional, descriptivo y transversal de 59 trabajadores que se encontraban laborando físicamente en el Servicio de Estomatología del Policlínico Docente Julián Grimau de Santiago de Cuba, desde julio de 2015 hasta igual mes de 2016, con el fin de identificar la iluminación como agente físico negativo en el ambiente laboral. En la serie predominaron el sexo femenino (93,2 por ciento), el grupo etario de 50-54 años (23,7 por ciento), los estomatólogos generales integrales (44,0 por ciento), así como el departamento de Ortodoncia y Periodoncia como el de menor iluminación. Por otra parte, 81,4 por ciento de los trabajadores estaban expuestos a esta problemática y 93,8 por ciento presentaban afecciones oculares. Se evidenció que la iluminación deficiente encontrada en todos los departamentos del mencionado centro resulta perjudicial para la salud de los profesionales de la estomatología(AU)

An observational, descriptive and cross-sectional study of 59 workers that were physically working in the Stomatological Service of Julián Grimau Teaching Polyclinic in Santiago de Cuba, was carried out from July, 2015 to the same month in 2016, with the purpose of identifying the illumination as negative physical agent in the working environment. In the series there was a prevalence of the female sex (93.2 percent), the 50-54 years age group (23.7 percent), the comprehensive general dentists (44.0 percent), as well as the Orthodontics and Periodontics department as that of less illumination. On the other hand, 81.4 percent of the workers were exposed to this problem and 93.8 percent presented ocular disorders. It was evidenced that poor illumination found in all the departments of the mentioned center is harmful for the stomatology professionals health(AU)

RESUMEN

Objetivo: Considerando que as investigações sobre a temática costumam ser conduzidas com cirurgiões-dentistas e estudantes, este estudo teve como objetivo analisar conhecimentos e percepções sobre biossegurança em Odontologia a partir da perspectiva de pacientes. Métodos: Tratou-se de estudo populacional observacional transversal, de cunho descritivo. Os dados foram coletados através da aplicação de questionários dirigidos a pacientes, imediatamente após o atendimento, em um Curso de Odontologia do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. Resultados: Participaram 100 indivíduos. Parcela considerável não sabia ou nunca tinha ouvido falar em biossegurança. Identificaram-se lacunas no nível de informação sobre vias de transmissão de doenças, principais doenças passíveis de contaminação, riscos presentes no consultório, uso de EPI e higienização das mãos por parte dos cirurgiões-dentistas. Verificou-se que há desinformação, medo e até preconceito em relação à presença de indivíduos portadores de doenças infecciosas no consultório odontológico. Os pacientes demonstraram-se atentos ao uso de equipamentos de proteção individual, limpeza e organização do ambiente de trabalho. Conclusão: Concluiu-se que profissionais e estudantes de Odontologia precisam disponibilizar informações aos pacientes e, ao mesmo tempo, incorporar os cuidados de biossegurança de forma ampla e irrestrita, de modo a garantir a segurança e a qualidade aos atendimentos oferecidos.(AU)

Aim: Considering that studies on the subject are usually conducted with dental surgeons and students, this study aimed to analyze the knowledge and perceptions about biosafety in Dentistry from the patients' perspective. Methods: This was a crosssectional, observational, descriptive study. Data were collected through the application of questionnaires addressed to patients immediately after appointments in a dentistry course in Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Results: A group of 100 individuals participated. A considerable portion did not know or had never heard of biosafety. Gaps in the level of information were identified regarding the forms of disease transmission, major diseases that could cause contamination, risks present in the dental office, use of PPE, and hand hygiene by dental surgeons. It was verified that there is disinformation, fear, and even prejudice in relation to the presence of individuals with infectious diseases in the dental office. Patients were attentive to the use of personal protective equipment, cleaning, and organization of the work environment. Conclusion: Conclusion was that Dentistry professionals and students must make information available to patients while simultaneously incorporating biosafety care in a broad and unrestricted manner in order to guarantee safety and quality in the rendering of medical care services.(AU)

RESUMEN

Objective: To determine the prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders in dentists who attend postgraduate courses in various specialties and establish possible relationships with sociodemographic and occupational factors. Methodology: This is a cross-sectional study where 91 professionals responded to validated instruments: "Work-related activities that may contribute to job-related pain and / or injury" and NMQ "Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire", and variables were also collected regarding sociodemographic and occupational characteristics. Results: WMSDs were often reported in the neck, shoulder, lower/upper back, and hand/wrists. Logistic regression analysis revealed that there was a correlation between reports of WMSD in lower back and work related (OR=13.40). Moreover, associations were found between WMSDs and the occupational factors that can contribute to musculoskeletal disorders. Conclusion: There was a high prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders among brazilian dentists, and that the work-related activities contributed to musculoskeletal disorders in dentists. (AU)

RESUMEN

Objetivou identificar a concepção da equipe de odontologia da Atenção Primária em Saúde (APS) quanto às precauções padrão (PP), os obstáculos para seu uso e a segurança do local de trabalho. Estudo exploratório-descritivo, com abordagem quantitativa, realizado com 70,27% da equipe de odontologia da APS de município paulista, utilizando-se Escalas de Fatores Psicossociais e Organizacionais que Influenciam a Adesão às Precauções-Padrão. Os domínios da escala obtiveram escores intermediários e o valor geral do Coeficiente Alfa de Cronbach foi aceitável. No domínio ͞Clima de Segurança͟, os profissionais destacaram fragilidades diante dos riscos ocupacionais, consideram o acúmulo de atividades e a falta de tempo obstáculos para a adesão às PP, além de reconhecerem a importância da educação continuada sobre a temática. Conclui-se que essa realidade compromete a prática clínica e a segurança, do profissional e do usuário, sendo necessária ampliação das discussões sobre biossegurança tanto na formação como no ambiente de trabalho

The objective was to identify the conception of a dentistry team from the Primary Health Care (PHC) about standard precautions (SPs), obstacles to use SPs and, safety at the workplace. A descriptive-exploratory study with a quantitative approach conducted with 70.27% of the PHC dentistry team from a city in São Paulo state. We used Scales of Psychosocial and Organizational Factors that Influence Adherence to Standard Precautions. The scale domains obtained intermediate scores, and the overall value of the Cronbach͛s alpha coefficient was acceptable. In the domain ͞Safety Climate͟professionals highlighted fragilities related to occupational risks, they consider the accumulation of activities and the lack of time to overcome obstacles to adhere to SPs; they also recognized the importance of continuing education about this theme. We concluded that this reality compromises clinical practice and safety for professionals and users, and there is a need to broaden discussions about biosafety during training and at the workplace

RESUMEN

Objetivo: analisar a produção científica internacional sobre biossegurança em procedimentos odontológicos. Método: revisão integrativa, com vistas a responder a questão << Qual o panorama da biossegurança em procedimentos odontológicos e sua relação com a saúde do trabalhador de saúde bucal? >> Foi realizada nas bases de dados internacionais: PUBMED, Elsevier e Springer link, contemplando os anos de 2010 a 2015. Os dados foram processados no software IRAMUTEQ e analisados por meio da Classificação Hierárquica Descendente. Resultados: obteve-se 6 classes: Condições de trabalhos fornecidas pelo empregador; Clima organizacional e a percepção de segurança; Material de precaução padrão, sua disponibilidade e disposição no consultório; A biossegurança na prevenção da infecção; Exposição do profissional a agentes biológicos e o procedimento odontológico e o risco de acidentes. Conclusão: há um consenso sobre a importância, implementação e correto uso das medidas de biossegurança no desenvolvimento da prática dos cirurgiões dentistas e auxiliares.(AU)

Objective: analyzing the international scientific literature about biosafety in dental procedures. Method: an integrative review, with a view to answering the question << What is the panorama of biosafety in dental procedures and its relationship to the health of the oral health worker? >>. It was held in international databases: PUBMED, Elsevier and Springer Link, covering the years 2010 to 2015. Data were processed in IRAMUTEQ software and analyzed through the Descending Hierarchical Classification. Results: there were obtained six classes: Conditions of work provided by the employer; Organizational climate and the perception of safety; Standard precaution material, its availability and disposition in the office; Biosecurity in preventing infection; Professional exposure to biological agents and the dental procedure and the risk of accidents. Conclusion: there is a consensus about the importance, implementation and proper use of biosafety measures in the development of practice of dentists surgeons and auxiliary.(AU)

Objetivo: analizar la literatura científica internacional acerca de la bioseguridad en los procedimientos dentales. Método: una revisión integradora, con el fin de responder a la pregunta << ¿Cuál el panorama de la bioseguridad en los procedimientos dentales y su relación con la salud del trabajador de la salud oral? >> Se celebró en bases de datos internacionales: PUBMED, Elsevier y Springer link, que abarca los años de 2010 hasta 2015. Los datos fueron procesados en el software IRAMUTEQ y analizados a través de la Clasificación Jerárquica Descendente. Resultados: se obtuvieron seis clases: Condiciones de trabajo proporcionadas por el empleador; Clima organizacional y la percepción de la seguridad; Material de precaución estándar, su disponibilidad de y la disposición en la oficina; Bioseguridad en la prevención de la infección; Exposición del profesional a agentes biológicos y el procedimiento dental y el riesgo de accidentes. Conclusión: hay un consenso acerca de la importancia, la aplicación y el uso adecuado de las medidas de bioseguridad en el desarrollo de la práctica de los dentistas y cirujanos auxiliares.(AU)