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1.
BMJ Glob Health ; 9(3)2024 Mar 07.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38453517

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: Equitable access to vaccines for migrants and refugees is necessary to ensure their right to health and to achieve public health goals of reducing vaccine-preventable illness. Public health policies require regulatory frameworks and communication to effect uptake of effective vaccines among the target population. In Colombia, the National COVID-19 Vaccination Plan implicitly included Venezuelan refugees and migrants; however, initial communication of the policy indicated that vaccine availability was restricted to people with regular migration status. We estimated the impact of a public announcement, which clarified access for refugees and migrants, on vaccination coverage among Venezuelans living in Colombia. METHODS: Between 30 July 2021 and 5 February 2022, 6221 adult Venezuelans participated in a cross-sectional, population-based health survey. We used a comparative cross-sectional time-series analysis to estimate the effect of the October 2021 announcement on the average biweekly change in COVID-19 vaccine coverage of Venezuelans with regular and irregular migration status. RESULTS: 71% of Venezuelans had an irregular status. The baseline (preannouncement) vaccine coverage was lower among people with an irregular status but increased at similar rates as those with a regular status. After the announcement, there was a level change of 14.49% (95% CI: 1.57 to 27.42, p=0.03) in vaccination rates among individuals with irregular migration status with a 4.61% increase in vaccination rate per biweekly period (95% CI: 1.71 to 7.51, p=0.004). By February 2022, there was a 26.2% relative increase in vaccinations among individuals with irregular migration status compared with what was expected without the announcement. CONCLUSION: While there was no policy change, communication clarifying the policy drastically reduced vaccination inequalities across migration status. Lessons can be translated from the COVID-19 pandemic into more effective global, regional and local public health emergency preparedness and response to displacement.


Assuntos
Vacinas contra COVID-19 , COVID-19 , Refugiados , População da América do Sul , Migrantes , Adulto , Humanos , Colômbia/epidemiologia , Comunicação , COVID-19/prevenção & controle , Estudos Transversais , Política de Saúde , Pandemias , Vacinação
2.
Salud Colect ; 20: e4593, 2024 Mar 15.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38498678

RESUMO

This study presents a content analysis of headlines featured on the front pages of Colombia's two most prominent newspapers during the COVID-19 health emergency. The objective was to examine the framing strategies employed by El Tiempo and El Espectador during their journalistic coverage of the initial phase of the pandemic. Criteria for analysis included informational tone, thematic approaches, grammatical structures in the headlines, information sources, coverage scope, and media perspective. Regarding interpretative frameworks, both newspapers predominantly adopted a negative approach towards the crisis and the structural impact the pandemic had on the country, especially within a context marked by uncertainty and tension. Primary themes were associated with economic and social aspects. The most prominent terms in the headlines during this period were linked to the pandemic, Covid-19, and the virus, concepts that consistently maintained a significant presence in the media agenda of the studied outlets.


Se presenta un análisis de contenido de los titulares publicados en las portadas de los dos diarios de mayor tradición en Colombia durante la emergencia sanitaria por covid-19. El objetivo fue analizar el encuadramiento o framing de los periódicos El Tiempo y El Espectador durante el cubrimiento periodístico del primer periodo de la pandemia. Se tomaron como criterios de análisis el tono informativo, los abordajes temáticos, el tipo de estructura gramatical en los titulares, las fuentes de información, la cobertura y la perspectiva mediática. En relación con los marcos de interpretación, los medios privilegiaron un enfoque negativo de la crisis y del impacto estructural que la pandemia desencadenó en el país, sobre todo desde un contexto marcado por la incertidumbre y la tensión. Los principales temas se asociaron a lo económico y social. Los términos que tuvieron mayor visibilidad en los titulares de dicho periodo se asociaron con pandemia, covid-19 y virus, conceptos que transversalmente mantuvieron una marcada presencia en la agenda mediática de los medios objeto de estudio.


Assuntos
COVID-19 , Humanos , COVID-19/epidemiologia , Pandemias , Colômbia
3.
Braz J Infect Dis ; 28(2): 103737, 2024 Mar 11.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38484781

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: Understanding the intricate dynamics between different waves of the COVID-19 pandemic and the corresponding variations in clinical outcomes is essential for informed public health decision-making. Comprehensive insights into these fluctuations can guide resource allocation, healthcare policies, and the development of effective interventions. This study aimed to compare the characteristics and clinical outcomes of COVID-19 at peak transmission points by including all patients attended during the first four pandemic waves in a referral center in Colombia. MATERIAL AND METHODS: In a prospective observational study of 2733 patients, clinical and demographic data were extracted from the Fundacion Valle de Lili's COVID-19 Registry, focusing on ICU admission, Invasive Mechanical Ventilation (IMV), length of hospital stay, and mortality. RESULTS: Our analysis unveiled substantial shifts in patient care patterns. Notably, the proportion of patients receiving glucocorticoid therapy and experiencing secondary infections exhibited a pronounced decrease across waves (p < 0.001). Remarkably, there was a significant reduction in ICU admissions (62.83% vs. 51.23% vs. 58.23% vs. 46.70 %, p < 0.001), Invasive Mechanical Ventilation (IMV) usage (39.25% vs. 32.22% vs. 31.22% vs. 21.55 %, p < 0.001), and Length of Hospital Stay (LOS) (9 vs. 8 vs. 8 vs. 8 days, p < 0.001) over the successive waves. Surprisingly, hospital mortality remained stable at approximately 18‒20 % (p > 0.05). Notably, vaccination coverage with one or more doses surged from 0 % during the initial waves to 66.71 % in the fourth wave. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings emphasize the critical importance of adapting healthcare strategies to the evolving dynamics of the pandemic. The reduction in ICU admissions, IMV utilization, and LOS, coupled with the rise in vaccination rates, underscores the adaptability of healthcare systems. Hospital mortality's persistence may warrant further exploration of treatment strategies. These insights can inform public health responses, helping policymakers allocate resources effectively and tailor interventions to specific phases of the pandemic.

4.
Int J Ment Health Syst ; 18(1): 4, 2024 Feb 05.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38317169

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Focusing on the Meta region in Colombia, we investigated the relationship between mental health, the COVID-19 pandemic, and social determinants of health influenced by over five decades of civil conflict. We studied the post-2016 peace agreement trends in mental health for the population of Meta, before and after the local onset of the pandemic. METHOD: We conducted three rounds of a longitudinal health survey in years 2018 with N = 1309 (Women = 709; Men = 600); 2019 with N = 1106 (Women = 597; Men = 509); and 2020 with N = 905 (Women = 499; Men = 406). We measured mental health through the Self-Report Questionnaire (SRQ-20), investigating population trends in the average SRQ score and SRQ-positive frequency (SRQ + , indicating positive tendency towards experiencing mental health disorders). RESULTS: Between 2018 and 2020, there were reductions in the mean SRQ-20 score by 1.74 points (95% CI -2.30 to -1.18) and in SRQ + frequency by 15 percentage points (95% CI -21.0 to -9.0) for the Meta population. Yet specific subgroups have become more vulnerable to mental illness during the pandemic, for example older age groups (e.g., increase in mean SRQ score among over 60 s by 2.49 points, 95% CI 0.51 to 4.46) and people living with children younger than five years-old (e.g., increase in mean SRQ score by 0.64 points, 95% CI 0.07 to 1.20). Increased mental health vulnerability among specific subgroups may be related to differences in the likelihood of knowing people who tested positive for COVID-19 or died from itf having been in quarantine. CONCLUSION: Our findings support the importance of public policies in Colombia (and other low- and middle-income countries) that address the social determinants of mental illness whose influence was likely exacerbated by the pandemic, including persistent job insecurity leading to work and financial pressures, and inadequate support networks for isolated individuals and vulnerable caregivers.

5.
Pathogens ; 13(2)2024 Feb 13.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38392908

RESUMO

The long-term neurodevelopmental effects of antenatal Zika virus (ZIKV) exposure in children without congenital Zika syndrome (CZS) remain unclear, as few children have been examined to the age of school entry level. A total of 51 Colombian children with antenatal ZIKV exposure without CZS and 70 unexposed controls were evaluated at 4-5 years of age using the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function (BRIEF), the Pediatric Evaluation of Disability Inventory (PEDI-CAT), the Bracken School Readiness Assessment (BSRA), and the Movement Assessment Battery for Children (MABC). The mean ages at evaluation were 5.3 and 5.2 years for cases and controls, respectively. Elevated BRIEF scores in Shift and Emotional Control may suggest lower emotional regulation in cases. A greater number of cases were reported by parents to have behavior and mood problems. BSRA and PEDI-CAT activity scores were unexpectedly higher in cases, most likely related to the COVID-19 pandemic and a delayed school entry among the controls. Although PEDI-CAT mobility scores were lower in cases, there were no differences in motor scores on the MABC. Of 40 cases with neonatal neuroimaging, neurodevelopment in 17 with mild non-specific findings was no different from 23 cases with normal neuroimaging. Normocephalic children with ZIKV exposure have positive developmental trajectories at 4-5 years of age but differ from controls in measures of emotional regulation and adaptive mobility, necessitating continued follow-up.

6.
Glob Health Sci Pract ; 12(1)2024 Feb 28.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38253391

RESUMO

Community-based psychosocial support group (CB-PSS) interventions using task-shifting approaches are well suited to provide culturally appropriate services in low- and middle-income countries. However, contextual barriers and facilitators must be considered to tailor interventions effectively, particularly considering the challenges introduced by the COVID-19 pandemic. We explore the barriers, facilitators, and psychosocial changes associated with implementing a CB-PSS group intervention delivered by local lay providers to conflict-affected adults in Quibdó, Colombia, using both in-person and remote modalities. Data were analyzed from 25 individual interviews with participants and a focus group discussion involving staff members, including 7 community psychosocial agent facilitators and 2 mental health professional supervisors. The analysis used a thematic approach grounded in a descriptive phenomenology to explore the lived experiences of participants and staff members during implementation. Participant attendance in the in-person modality was compromised by factors such as competing work and family responsibilities and disruption caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. Participants in the remote modality faced challenges concerning unstable Internet connectivity, recurrent power outages caused by heavy rain, distractions, interruptions, and threats to confidentiality by family and coworkers. Despite these challenges, data revealed key contextual facilitators, including the community-based knowledge of facilitators and integration of traditional practices, such as the comadreo (informal talks and gatherings). Respondents shared that the CB-PSS groups promoted stronger community relationships and created opportunities for participants to exchange peer support, practice leadership skills, develop problem-solving skills based on peers' experiences, and enhance emotional regulation skills. Differences and similarities across in-person and remote modalities are discussed, as are key considerations for practitioners and policymakers.


Assuntos
COVID-19 , Sistemas de Apoio Psicossocial , Adulto , Humanos , Pandemias , Colômbia , Pesquisa Qualitativa
7.
BMJ Glob Health ; 8(Suppl 8)2024 01 09.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38195156

RESUMO

Frequent consumption of sugar sweetened beverages (SSB) is related to the risks of developing overweight, obesity, cavities, diabetes and other diseases. Policies to significantly increase taxes on SSB have proven to be effective in reducing their consumption. The political debate on implementing these taxes in Colombia shows a series of barriers to placing this policy on the political agenda, and therefore, to its approval. This work analyses the political process involved in the struggle for the approval of an SBB tax in Colombia, as well as barriers and opportunities to putting it on the political agenda. This is done through a policy analysis with three research methods: a documentary analysis, political mapping of actors and semistructured interviews with key actors. Among the main findings, we have that actors who are in favour of the SSB tax stated that it is needed due to the health problems caused by SSB consumption, while those who opposed it argue that Colombia regulations are sufficient and already inform and educate consumers on excessive sugar consumption and its health implications. The Colombian political context is a barrier to SSB taxation, as the government favours and has a close connection with the food and SSB industry. In short, the policy issue has been reaching the agenda intermittently throughout the years. Nevertheless, new opportunities are arising after the COVID-19 pandemic and the 2022 administrative changes and further efforts from policy entrepreneurs are required to make this initiative progress in the political agenda.


Assuntos
Bebidas Adoçadas com Açúcar , Humanos , Colômbia , Pandemias , Impostos , Políticas
8.
Soc Sci Med ; 343: 116617, 2024 Feb.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38277763

RESUMO

We explore care as a site of multiplicity and tension. Working with the qualitative interview accounts of nineteen health care workers in Colombia, we trace a narrative of 'exhausting care' in the early days of the Covid-19 pandemic. Accounts relate exhausting care to working without break in response to extraordinary demand, heightened contagion concern, the pressures of caring in the face of anticipated death, and efforts to carry on caring in the face of constraint. We bring together the work of John Law (2010, 2011) on 'collateral realities' with Lauren Berlant's (2011) thesis of 'cruel optimism' to explore care as a site of practice in which the promise of the good can also become materialised as harm, given structural conditions. Through the reflexive narrative of 'carrying on' in the face of being 'worn down' by care, a narrative which runs through health care worker accounts, we draw attention to the collateral realities of exhausting care as personal and political, at once a practice of endurance and extraction. We argue that the exhausting care that relates to the extraordinariness of the Covid-19 pandemic also resides in the ordinariness, and slower violence, of the everyday. The cruel optimism of care is a relation in which the labour of care reproduces a harmful situation.


Assuntos
COVID-19 , Trabalho de Parto , Humanos , Gravidez , Feminino , Pandemias , Colômbia/epidemiologia , Pessoal de Saúde
9.
Pediatr Obes ; 19(3): e13099, 2024 Mar.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38286620

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Evidence from Latin America suggests that children embedded in South-to-North migrant networks (i.e. relatives who live abroad, typically in the United States) are at increased risk of excess weight. It is unclear if the same findings apply to children embedded in Latin American intraregional migration or South-to-South migration networks. OBJECTIVE: To compare excess weight among Colombian children embedded in South-to-South migration networks (n = 334) to children with non-migrant parents (n = 4272) using Colombia's 2015 National Survey of the Nutritional Situation. METHODS: Prevalence ratios (PRs) for excess weight (BMI z-score ≥1) by parent migration history were estimated using weighted multivariable logistic regression adjusting for demographics, child behaviours, community and household indicators, including household food insecurity. RESULTS: Most migrant parents returned to Colombia from Venezuela (84%) and reported higher household food insecurity rates than non-migrant parents (59% versus 32%). Models excluding household food insecurity showed that excess weight among children with migrant parents was 51% lower (PR = 0.49; 95% CI 0.25, 0.98) than among children with non-migrant parents. After adjustment for household food insecurity, no statistically significant differences were found. CONCLUSION: Colombian children with return migrant parents from Venezuela experienced less excess weight than children with non-migrant parents, but higher rates of food insecurity in migrant households might partially explain this difference. This study calls attention to two serious public health concerns for Colombian children-those who have excess weight and those who lack sufficient food, particularly among migrant returnees (a situation that may have worsened since the COVID-19 pandemic).


Assuntos
Alimentos , Pandemias , Criança , Humanos , Estados Unidos , Colômbia/epidemiologia , Estudos Transversais , Aumento de Peso , Abastecimento de Alimentos
10.
J Aging Phys Act ; 32(1): 91-106, 2024 Feb 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37883645

RESUMO

The community restrictions during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic adversely impacted older adults' physical activity levels. This convergent mixed-method study assessed the adaptation of the Recreovía, a community-based physical activity program in Bogotá, and characterized physical activity levels among older adult participants. Our results showed how the Recreovía adapted during the pandemic to continue promoting physical activity, through indoor and outdoor strategies, including virtual physical activity sessions and safety protocols. During this time, 72%-79% of the older adults attending the adapted program were physically active. A greater proportion of park users (84.2%) and more people involved in vigorous physical activity were observed during Recreovía days. Older adults had positive experiences and perceptions of the Recreovía program related to their health and social well-being. Even though the older adults prefer being outdoors, the adapted program allowed participants to continue with their physical activity routines as much as possible during the pandemic.


Assuntos
COVID-19 , Humanos , Idoso , Colômbia/epidemiologia , COVID-19/prevenção & controle , Controle de Doenças Transmissíveis , Exercício Físico
11.
SSM Popul Health ; 25: 101571, 2024 Mar.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38148998

RESUMO

In Colombia, more than 4 per cent of the population lives with disability and high levels of income and multidimensional poverty have been recognised within this group. However, there is no information on how the levels of poverty have changed over time or whether households with members with disabilities are more likely to be chronically poorer than households without disabilities in the country. In addition, no evidence exists on the potential effect of the Covid-19 pandemic on the socioeconomic characteristics of persons with disability. This study aims to contribute to the literature on this topic by analysing a nationally representative survey (Quality of Life Survey) from 2018 to 2022 and studying the changes in the levels of income and multidimensional poverty of persons with disabilities and their household, and identifying whether any changes associated with the Covid-19 pandemic.

12.
Braz. j. biol ; 84: e254487, 2024. tab, ilus
Artigo em Inglês | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1364508

RESUMO

Biological samples obtained from a small temporary pond of northern Colombia yielded the first record Coronatella undata Sousa, Elmoor-Loureiro and Santos, 2015 and of the male of C. monacantha (Sars, 1901) for Colombia. In this study, the morphology of female of Coronatella undata and female and male of C. monacantha was described and compared to other species within the genus. C. undata was originally described from Brazil and, among the species of the Coronatella monacantha complex, seems to be closely related to C. acuticostata (Sars, 1903). C. undata shows some similarities with C. monacantha, but it can be identified by important diagnostic characters such as: 1) posterior-ventral corner of valve with two denticles, 2) seta on exopodite of trunk limb II rudimentary, 3) filter comb of trunk limb II with six setae, 4) ODL seta of trunk limb I shorter than longest seta of IDL. C. monacantha is the most reported species in the Neotropical region and the male most resemble C. paulinae Sousa, Elmoor-Loureiro & Santos, 2015 in relation to (i), length/wide of postabdomen ratio (ii) basal spine almost straight and (iii)) long basal spine reaching the mid-length of basal spine. However, they can be separated by (i) number of lateral seta on the antennule, (ii) postanal angle, (iii) position of gonopore (iv) presence of a denticle on posterior-ventral corner of valve.


Amostras biológicas obtidas de uma pequena lagoa temporária do norte da Colômbia proporcionaram o primeiro registro de Coronatella undata Sousa, Elmoor-Loureiro e Santos, 2015 e do macho de Coronatella monacantha (Sars, 1901) na Colômbia. Neste estudo, foi descrita a morfologia de fêmeas de C. undata e de fêmeas e machos de C. monacantha, comparando-a com outras espécies do gênero. Coronatella undata foi descrita originalmente no Brasil e, entre as espécies do complexo C. monacantha, parece estar intimamente relacionada com Coronatella acuticostata (Sars, 1903). Coronatella undata apresenta algumas semelhanças com C. monacantha, mas pode ser identificada por seus principais caracteres, tais como: 1) ângulo posterior ventral da valva com dois dentículos; 2) cerda rudimentar no exopodito do ramo do tronco II; 3) filtro da gnatobase do apêndice torácico II com seis cerdas; 4) cerda ODL do membro do tronco I mais curta que a cerda mais longa do IDL. Coronatella monacantha é a espécie mais relatada na região neotropical, e o macho se assemelha mais a Coronatella paulinae Sousa, Elmoor-Loureiro & Santos em relação à/ao: (i) razão comprimento / largura do pós-abdômen, (ii) espinho basal quase reto e (iii) espinho basal longo com a metade do comprimento do espinho basal. No entanto, eles podem ser separados pelo/pela: (i) número de cerdas laterais na antênula, (ii) ângulo postanal, (iii) posição do gonóporo e (iv) presença de dentículo no canto ventral posterior da valva.


Assuntos
Animais , Lagoas , Registros , Crustáceos , Colômbia
13.
Braz. j. biol ; 842024.
Artigo em Inglês | LILACS-Express | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1469399

RESUMO

Abstract Biological samples obtained from a small temporary pond of northern Colombia yielded the first record Coronatella undata Sousa, Elmoor-Loureiro and Santos, 2015 and of the male of C. monacantha (Sars, 1901) for Colombia. In this study, the morphology of female of Coronatella undata and female and male of C. monacantha was described and compared to other species within the genus. C. undata was originally described from Brazil and, among the species of the Coronatella monacantha complex, seems to be closely related to C. acuticostata (Sars, 1903). C. undata shows some similarities with C. monacantha, but it can be identified by important diagnostic characters such as: 1) posterior-ventral corner of valve with two denticles, 2) seta on exopodite of trunk limb II rudimentary, 3) filter comb of trunk limb II with six setae, 4) ODL seta of trunk limb I shorter than longest seta of IDL. C. monacantha is the most reported species in the Neotropical region and the male most resemble C. paulinae Sousa, Elmoor-Loureiro & Santos, 2015 in relation to (i), length/wide of postabdomen ratio (ii) basal spine almost straight and (iii)) long basal spine reaching the mid-length of basal spine. However, they can be separated by (i) number of lateral seta on the antennule, (ii) postanal angle, (iii) position of gonopore (iv) presence of a denticle on posterior-ventral corner of valve


Resumo Amostras biológicas obtidas de uma pequena lagoa temporária do norte da Colômbia proporcionaram o primeiro registro de Coronatella undata Sousa, Elmoor-Loureiro e Santos, 2015 e do macho de Coronatella monacantha (Sars, 1901) na Colômbia. Neste estudo, foi descrita a morfologia de fêmeas de C. undata e de fêmeas e machos de C. monacantha, comparando-a com outras espécies do gênero. Coronatella undata foi descrita originalmente no Brasil e, entre as espécies do complexo C. monacantha, parece estar intimamente relacionada com Coronatella acuticostata (Sars, 1903). Coronatella undata apresenta algumas semelhanças com C. monacantha, mas pode ser identificada por seus principais caracteres, tais como: 1) ângulo posterior ventral da valva com dois dentículos; 2) cerda rudimentar no exopodito do ramo do tronco II; 3) filtro da gnatobase do apêndice torácico II com seis cerdas; 4) cerda ODL do membro do tronco I mais curta que a cerda mais longa do IDL. Coronatella monacantha é a espécie mais relatada na região neotropical, e o macho se assemelha mais a Coronatella paulinae Sousa, Elmoor-Loureiro & Santos em relação à/ao: (i) razão comprimento / largura do pós-abdômen, (ii) espinho basal quase reto e (iii) espinho basal longo com a metade do comprimento do espinho basal. No entanto, eles podem ser separados pelo/pela: (i) número de cerdas laterais na antênula, (ii) ângulo postanal, (iii) posição do gonóporo e (iv) presença de dentículo no canto ventral posterior da valva.

14.
Siglo cero (Madr.) ; 55(1)2024. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-231115

RESUMO

La pandemia llevó a que se incrementaran las medidas de bioseguridad y se adoptara el confinamiento para evitar la propagación del virus, lo que repercutió en la calidad de vida de todas las personas, incluyendo a aquellas con discapacidad intelectual. El propósito de este estudio fue establecer cómo era la calidad de vida de las personas con discapacidad intelectual durante el confinamiento por la COVID-19, mediante la aplicación de un cuestionario en línea que fue completado por 78 familias de personas con discapacidad intelectual en Colombia. Los principales hallazgos dan cuenta de que al 91 % de las personas con discapacidad intelectual le explicaron sobre el confinamiento y el 79,5 % tuvo conocimiento acerca de las causas para dicho confinamiento; el 43.6 % presentó un nivel alto de participación en las actividades y rutinas familiares; el 80.8 % pudo elegir los espacios y tiempos para realizar sus actividades individuales; el 92.3 % tuvo acceso a los implementos y recursos necesarios para su vida diaria; el 71.8 % no experimentó cambios en los hábitos de alimentación; el 44.9 % reportó un estado regular de salud; el 64.1 % experimentó cambios en sus hábitos de sueño, y el 79.5 % no recibió apoyos gubernamentales. Las personas con discapacidad intelectual moderada tuvieron un mayor contacto con su familia extensa (52.50 %) y un 85.7 % de quienes presentaban discapacidad severa y profunda evidenciaron cambios en su estado de ánimo. En conclusión, las personas con discapacidad intelectual experimentaron una serie de adaptaciones en los entornos inmediatos, que tuvieron que llevar a cabo las familias y las instituciones, para minimizar el impacto del confinamiento en su calidad de vida. (AU)


The pandemic led to increased biosecurity measures and the adoption of confinement to prevent the spread of the virus, which impacted the quality of life of all people, including persons with intellectual disabilities. The purpose of this study was to establish what the quality of life of persons with intellectual disabilities was like during the confinement by COVID-19, through the application of an online questionnaire that was completed by 78 families of persons with intellectual disabilities in Colombia. The main findings show that 91 % of persons with intellectual disabilities explained about confinement and 79.5 % were aware of the causes for such confinement; 43.6 % presented a high level of participation in family activities and routines; 80.8 % were able to choose the spaces and times to carry out their individual activities; 92.3 % had access to the implements and resources necessary for their daily lives; 71.8 % experienced no changes in eating habits; 44.9 % reported a regular state of health; 64.1 % experienced changes in their sleep habits, and 79.5 % did not receive government support. Persons with moderate intellectual disability had greater contact with their extended family (52.50 %) and 85.7 % of those with severe and profound disability showed changes in their mood. In conclusion, persons with intellectual disabilities experienced several adaptations in the immediate environments, that families and institutions had to carry out, to minimize the impact of confinement on their quality of life. (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Pré-Escolar , Criança , Adolescente , Adulto Jovem , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Pessoas com Deficiência , Deficiência Intelectual , Quarentena , /epidemiologia , Estudos sobre Deficiências , Colômbia
15.
Matronas prof ; 25(1): [3], 2024. tab, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-CR-91

RESUMO

Objetivo: Analizar el impacto del confinamiento por la pandemia de la COVID-19 en la vivencia del embarazo y la maternidad de mujeres colombianas. Métodos: Cualitativo, basado en la teoría fundamentada. Se analizaron 17 entrevistas semiestructuradas realizadas a seis mujeres embarazadas y a 11 madres primerizas con bebés de hasta 11 meses de edad. El estudio fue realizado en varias ciudades de Colombia entre abril y junio de 2021. Resultados: Se identificaron cuatro categorías centrales que describen el impacto del confinamiento sobre la vivencia del embarazo y la maternidad: el apoyo social, especialmente limitado en el contacto con la familia y la pérdida de rituales de celebración de la maternidad; las emociones, reflejadas en la experiencia de agotamiento, ansiedad, soledad, frustración, y en el miedo al parto, al contagio y a las posibles secuelas del confinamiento en el desarrollo de los bebés; los cambios producto de la maternidad, evidenciados en roles y decisiones laborales; y los aspectos positivos de la pandemia, como los permisos de maternidad ampliados, la conciliación familiar y la mayor presencia e implicación de las parejas. Conclusión: La pandemia por COVID-19 afectó a la experiencia habitual del embarazo y a la maternidad de las mujeres colombianas que fueron entrevistadas. Este estudio permitió conocer sus experiencias emocionales, los principales retos a los que se enfrentaron y las estrategias que les permitieron adaptarse a esta coyuntura. (AU)


Objective: To analyse the impact of confinement due to the COVID-19 pandemic on Colombian women's experience of pregnancy and motherhood. Methods: Qualitative, based on grounded theory. Seventeen semi-structured interviews with six pregnant women and 11 new mothers with babies up to 11 months old were analysed. The study was conducted in several cities in Colombia between April and June 2021. Results: Four central categories that describe the impact of confinement on the experience of pregnancy and motherhood were identified: social support, especially limited contact with family and the loss of rituals for celebrating motherhood; emotions, reflected in the experiences of exhaustion, anxiety, loneliness, frustration, fear of childbirth, contagion, and the possible consequences of confinement on the development of babies; changes resulting from motherhood, evidenced in roles and work decisions; and the positive aspects of the pandemic, such as extended maternity leave, family balancing, and the greater presence and involvement of partners. Conclusion: The COVID-19 pandemic disrupted Colombian women's normal pregnancy and motherhood experiences. This study allowed us to learn about their emotional experiences, their main challenges, and the strategies that allowed them to adapt to these circumstances. (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Gravidez , /epidemiologia , Poder Familiar/psicologia , Quarentena/psicologia , Colômbia/epidemiologia , Acontecimentos que Mudam a Vida
16.
Infez Med ; 31(4): 517-532, 2023.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38075419

RESUMO

Background: Acute undifferentiated febrile illness (AUFI) is one of the leading causes of illness in tropical regions. Although malaria is the most important cause, other pathogens such as Dengue (DENV), Leptospira and recently, Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) have gained importance. In Colombia, few studies aimed to identify the etiology of AUFI. Most of them performed in Apartadó and Villeta municipalities, identifying the active circulation of several pathogens. Thus, we conducted a cross-sectional study in these municipalities to characterize the etiologies of AUFI during COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: An active surveillance was conducted between September and December 2021 in local hospitals of Apartadó and Villeta municipalities. Febrile patients were enrolled after voluntarily agreeing to participate in the study. Ten different etiologies were evaluated through direct, serological, molecular and rapid diagnostic methods. Results: In Apartadó a confirmed etiology was found in 60% of subjects, DENV (25%) being the most frequent, followed by leptospirosis (16.7%), malaria (10%), COVID-19 (8.3%), spotted fever group (SFG) rickettsiosis (6.7%) and Chikungunya (1.7%). In Villeta, a specific etiology was confirmed in 55.4% of patients, of which SFG rickettsiosis (39.3%) was the most frequent, followed by leptospirosis (21.4%), DENV (3.6%) and malaria (1.8%). No cases due to Mayaro, Yellow Fever, Oropouche and Venezuelan Equine Encephalitis viruses were detected. Conclusion: We confirm the relevance of dengue fever, leptospirosis, SFG rickettsiosis, COVID-19 and malaria as causes of AUFI in the municipality of Apartadó, and highlight the great importance of SFG rickettsiosis as the main cause of AUFI in the municipality of Villeta.

17.
Biomedica ; 43(4): 457-473, 2023 12 01.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38109138

RESUMO

Introduction: Antimicrobial resistance surveillance is a fundamental tool for the development, improvement, and adjustment of antimicrobial stewardship programs, therapeutic guidelines, and universal precautions to limit the cross-transmission of resistant bacteria between patients. Since the beginning of 2020, the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic profoundly challenged the health system and, according to some reports, increased the rates of antimicrobial resistance. Objective: To describe the behavior of antimicrobial resistance of the most frequent bacterial pathogens in twenty Colombian hospitals from January 2018 to December 2021. Materials and methods: We conducted a descriptive study based on the microbiological information recorded from January 2018 to December 2021 in twenty levels III and IV health institutions in twelve Colombian cities. We identified the species of the ten most frequent bacteria along with their resistance profile to the antibiotic markers after analyzing the data through WHONET. Results: We found no statistically significant changes in most pathogens' resistance profiles from January 2018 to December 2021. Only Pseudomonas aeruginosa had a statistically significant increase in its resistance profile, particularly to piperacillin/tazobactam and carbapenems. Conclusions: The changes in antimicrobial resistance in these four years were not statistically significant except for P. aeruginosa to piperacillin/tazobactam and carbapenems.


Introducción: El comportamiento de la resistencia antimicrobiana es fundamental en el mejoramiento y ajuste de los programas de optimización de uso de antimicrobianos, la implementación de las guías terapéuticas y las precauciones que limitan la transmisión cruzada de bacterias resistentes entre pacientes. Desde el inicio del 2020, la pandemia del SARS-CoV-2 desafió profundamente al sistema de salud y, según algunos reportes, aumentó las tasas de resistencia antimicrobiana. OBJETIVO: Describir el comportamiento de la resistencia antimicrobiana en los microrganismos más frecuentes en veinte hospitales colombianos durante el periodo 2018-2021. Materiales y métodos: Se trata de un estudio descriptivo basado en la información microbiológica reportada por veinte instituciones de salud de nivel III y IV, entre enero de 2018 y diciembre de 2021, en doce ciudades de Colombia, las cuales hacen parte del "Grupo para el estudio de la resistencia nosocomial en Colombia", liderado por la Universidad El Bosque. La identificación de género y especie de los microorganismos más frecuentes, junto con su perfil de resistencia frente a antibióticos marcadores, se determinaron mediante el análisis de los datos vía WHONET. RESULTADOS: En general, los 10 microorganismos más frecuentes analizados a lo largo de los 4 años no presentaron cambios estadísticamente significativos en sus perfiles de resistencia durante los cuatro años del periodo evaluado, de 2018 a 2021. En contraste, Pseudomonas aeruginosa aumentó su resistencia frente a piperacilina-tazobactam y carbapenémicos, lo cual fue estadísticamente significativo. CONCLUSIONES: Los cambios en la resistencia antimicrobiana en estos años no han sido estadísticamente significativos, excepto para P. aeruginosa, bacteria que mostró un incremento en las tasas de resistencia a piperacilina-tazobactam y carbapenémicos.


Assuntos
Hospitais , Pandemias , Colômbia/epidemiologia , Piperacilina , Tazobactam
18.
Salud Colect ; 19: e4583, 2023 Dec 22.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38135677

RESUMO

Based on the spatial aspect of human beings and the social production of spaces and places, and considering that the social and health crisis associated with COVID-19 led to changes in spaces as well as restrictions and greater regulations regarding their use and social interactions, this article develops a theoretical discussion on the relationship between people and public space in the context of Colombia. This reflection is developed around four themes: the transformations of public spatiality as materiality; the normative uses of public space as a way of surveillance and control of society; the lessening of the world to proximal spatial scales and the consequent transformations in the relationalities with and in public spaces; and the contradictions and inequities of public space, expressed in the unequal distribution of spatial forms of living the pandemic. These aspects lead us to consider the relevance of highlighting the experiential sense of public spaces, from the analysis of new relationalities and social networks that take place there.


Sobre la base del carácter espacial de los seres humanos y de la producción social de espacios y lugares, y considerando que la crisis sociosanitaria asociada al covid-19 derivó en cambios en y de los espacios, y en restricciones y mayores regulaciones de los usos espaciales y de las interacciones sociales, este artículo propone una reflexión teórica que aborda las restricciones pandémicas y la relación de las personas con el espacio público en el caso de Colombia. Tal reflexión es desarrollada en torno a cuatro vías de análisis: las transformaciones de la espacialidad pública en tanto materialidad; los usos normativos del espacio público como forma de vigilancia y control de los cuerpos; la reducción del mundo a escalas proximales del lugar y las consecuentes transformaciones en las relacionalidades con y en el espacio público; y, las contradicciones e inequidades del espacio público, expresadas en la distribución desigual de las formas espaciales de vivir la pandemia. Estos aspectos nos llevan a considerar la relevancia de rescatar el sentido vivencial de los espacios públicos, a partir del análisis de nuevas relacionalidades y redes sociales que allí tienen lugar.


Assuntos
Planejamento Ambiental , Pandemias , Humanos , Pandemias/prevenção & controle , Colômbia
19.
Transfus Med ; 2023 Dec 27.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38151257

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this work was to evaluate the relationship of the maternal mortality ratio due to obstetric haemorrhage (MMROH) with the national blood donations, particularly O RhD negative (Oneg) before and during COVID-19 pandemic. BACKGROUND: The maternal mortality ratio is increasing in Colombia, yet little is known regarding the relationship between blood donations and maternal mortality due to obstetric haemorrhage. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective cross-sectional study between January 1, 2018, and December 31, 2021, was performed, to assess MMROH compared to the blood donations notified to the Colombian National Haemovigilance System, through non-parametric methods. Because a relationship between blood donations and MMROH was identified, the analysis was expanded from 2009 to 2017. RESULTS: In 2020, Colombia increased the MMROH by 32% compared to 2019 which coincided with the lockdown period to contain COVID-19. An inversed relationship (SumD2 = 631.0; rs = -0.7335; p 0.01) between blood donations, particularly Oneg (SumD2 = 652.0; rs = -0.7912; p 0.002) and MMROH was identified. For the years 2015-2019 and 2021, the annual mean MMROH was 8.5 ± 0.5 per 100 000 live births when the annual mean blood donations was 18.2 ± 0.4 donations per 1000 people and the Oneg was 1.0 ± 0.0 donations per 1000 people. In contrast, the years 2009-2014 and 2020 displayed an annual MMROH of 12.6 ± 0.8, when the annual collection of blood was 16.4 ± 0.8 donations and the Oneg was 0.9 ± 0.0, p < 0.001. CONCLUSION: There was an inverse relationship between blood donation, mainly Oneg, and maternal mortality from obstetric haemorrhage. However, we recognise these deaths could be related to other reasons, especially when they occurred in rural areas with limited access to medical services.

20.
Ocul Immunol Inflamm ; : 1-6, 2023 Dec 22.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38133944

RESUMO

PURPOSE: To estimate the incidence of Optic Neuritis (ON) in Colombia using data from the national health registry between January 1, 2015, and December 31, 2020. METHODS: A population-based study was conducted using the Integrated Social Protection Information System from the Colombian Ministry of Health and the International Classification of Diseases-10 code for ON to estimate the incidence of ON from 2015 to 2020. We also evaluated the impact of the COVID-19 lockdown on the epidemiology of the disease in 2020. Finally, a standardized morbidity rate map was created to assess a country's ON geographic distribution. RESULTS: From 2015 to 2019, 2,463 new cases of ON were reported. The overall 5-year incidence rate was 1.56 cases per 100,000 inhabitants per year, 66% of the patients were females. The peak of presentation in males was the quinquennium of 50-54 years, and in females, it was 45-49 years. In 2020, coinciding with the COVID-19 pandemic, there was a reduction in the incidence of ON by approximately 0.15 cases per 100,000 inhabitants. The regions with a high number of cases and an increasing risk of new cases were Bogotá, Antioquia, and Valle del Cauca. CONCLUSIONS: The incidence of ON in Colombia is lower compared to countries in the northern hemisphere, with women under 50 years being predominantly affected. The onset of the COVID-19 pandemic corresponded with a reduction in identifying new ON cases. This underscores governments' need to implement effective diagnostic strategies in the future.

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