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1.
Can Geriatr J ; 27(1): 47-55, 2024 Mar.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38433880

RESUMO

Background: We investigated the effects of a 12-week home-based exercise program delivered with virtual or minimal supervision on the physical and cognitive function of community-dwelling older adults in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil. Methods: The study was registered on the Brazilian Registry of Clinical Trials platform (code: RBR-8qby2wt). Thirty-eight older adults (81% female and 68±7 years old), non-disabled, and without cognitive impairment or dementia, were randomly assigned to a 12-week home-based exercise program: 1) virtual supervision (classes remotely delivered through video conference by trained staff), or 2) minimal supervision (once-weekly contact to touch base through standardized text messages). The participants initially performed two sets of 10 repetitions three times a week, with a 60-second interval. The volume and complexity of the exercises were progressively increased. (e.g., the number of sets increased to 3 and later to 4). At baseline and follow-up, we collected remote measurements of physical function (muscle strength and power, functional muscular fitness) and cognition (processing speed, inhibitory control, verbal fluency). Results: Participants in the minimal supervision home-based exercise group significantly improved the Stroop test (-1.6 sec, 95% CI = -3.20; -0.09). No significant between-group differences were observed for physical and cognitive outcomes. Conclusion: A home-based exercise program delivered with virtual or minimal supervision can produce similar effects, and may help to maintain physical and cognitive capabilities among healthy, high-functioning older adults who experienced mobility restrictions due to the COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil.

2.
Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol ; 94: 102482, 2024 Feb 23.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38428278

RESUMO

The aim of our article is to discuss barriers associated with post-pregnancy contraception in Brazil during the SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) pandemic. Socioeconomic differences in gaining access to long-acting reversible contraceptive (LARC) methods became greater during the COVID-19 pandemic. The inadequate distribution of existing resources and the reduced capacity for elective care meant that healthcare providers in family planning had to be reallocated to respond to COVID-19 emergencies. In Brazil, 74% of the population depends on the national health service (Sistema Unico de Saúde) including for the provision of free contraception. However, the only LARC method available at the public service is the copper-intrauterine device (IUD); implants and hormonal-IUDs are not available, except at some teaching hospitals. Contraceptive sales remained unmodified during the pandemic, which shows that the majority of the population used less effective or no contraceptive methods during this time. However, sales of implants and the hormonal-IUD increased significantly, indicating the inequity of the low-income portion of the society as only the wealthy can afford these. On the other hand, there was an increase in sales of emergency contraception. The uptake of postpartum IUDs and contraceptive implants at the selected teaching hospitals in which they were available was high during the COVID-19 pandemic as they were the only methods immediately available. In conclusion, the COVID-19 pandemic increased both inequality and social differences in gaining access to contraceptives. Postpartum and immediate post abortion methods were also good strategies during the pandemic and were well accepted by the population. However, they were not offered by most services.

3.
Rev Esc Enferm USP ; 58: e20230324, 2024.
Artigo em Inglês, Português | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38466908

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: To verify the association between social determinants of health and access to health services for COVID-19 patients. METHOD: Analytical, cross-sectional study, carried out in three states in the Northeast of Brazil (Ceará, Maranhão and Pernambuco), with 968 patients, using questionnaires with sociodemographic data, determinants and the Primary Care Assessment Tool, adapted to the reality of COVID-19, with 58 items, classified as high (score ≥ 6.6) and low (score < 6.6), whose high value reveals better standards of access to health services. The Chi-square test was used for comparative analysis. RESULTS: There was a significant difference (p < 0.05) between the domains of the instrument and the following determinants: age, skin color, body mass index, origin, schooling, employment, services close to home, first service, income and means of transport. CONCLUSION: Access to health services for people with COVID-19 was associated with various determinants, including individual, behavioural and social ones, correlated with the structural and organizational aspects of the health services offered by the three states of Northeastern Brazil.


Assuntos
COVID-19 , Humanos , Estudos Transversais , Determinantes Sociais da Saúde , Serviços de Saúde , Acesso aos Serviços de Saúde , Brasil
4.
Front Public Health ; 12: 1356652, 2024.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38469268

RESUMO

Introduction: The article analyzed homeless people's (HP) access to health and social protection policies and tailored inter-sector care, including emergency measures, during the COVID-19 pandemic in Belo Horizonte (BH), capital of Minas Gerais state, Brazil. It intended to provide data on HP and evaluate existing public policies focused on vulnerable populations during this health emergency. Methods: The study adopted a mixed-methods design with triangulation of quantitative and qualitative data. Results: Social cartography showed that in the early months of the pandemic, the health administration had difficulty reordering the health system, which experienced constant updates in the protocols but was nevertheless consolidated over the months. The evidence collected in the study showed that important emergency interventions in the municipality of BH involved activities that facilitated access by HP to the supply of services. Discussion: The existence of national guidelines for inter-sector care for HP cannot be ruled out as a positive influence, although the municipalities are responsible for their implementation. Significantly, a health emergency was necessary to intensify the relationship between health and social protection services. Roving services were among those with the greatest positive evidence, with the least need for infrastructure to be replicated at the local level. In addition, the temporary supply of various inter-sector services, simultaneously with the provision of day shelters by organized civil society, was considered a key factor for expanding and intensifying networks of care for HP during the emergency phase. A plan exists to continue and expand this model in the future. The study concluded that understanding the inter-sector variables that impact HP contributes to better targeting of investments in interventions that work at the root causes of these issues or that increase the effectiveness of health and social protection systems.


Assuntos
COVID-19 , Humanos , COVID-19/prevenção & controle , Pandemias , Política Pública , Serviço Social , Brasil/epidemiologia
5.
J Occup Environ Med ; 2024 Mar 14.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38489471

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: To verify the association between physical activity (PA) and mental health among health professionals in southern Brazil. METHODS: Cross-sectional study with 101 workers during the COVID-19 pandemic. Mental health and PA were assessed using the questionnaires. The association of PA with stress was tested by linear regression, and anxiety and depressive symptoms by Poisson regression. RESULTS: The stress was inversely associated with individuals who performed some PA (ß:-3.53;95% CI:-6.63;-0.44) and who met the PA recommendations (active) (ß:-6.84;95% CI:-12.44;-1.24). Workers who performed some PA (PR:0.76;95% CI:0.67;0.86) and were active (PR:0.75;95% CI:0.60;0.93) were less likely to have severe symptoms of anxiety. For depression, workers who performed some PA (PR:0.81;95% CI:0.71;0.92) and were active (PR:0.69;95% CI:0.54;0.88), the probability was also smaller. CONCLUSIONS: The practice of PA was inversely associated with symptoms of stress, depression, and anxiety.

6.
Front Chem ; 12: 1336001, 2024.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38456183

RESUMO

SARS-CoV-2 (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2) is the etiological agent responsible for the global outbreak of COVID-19 (Coronavirus Disease 2019). The main protease of SARS-CoV-2, Mpro, is a key enzyme that plays a vital role in mediating viral replication and transcription. In this study, a comprehensive computational approach was employed to investigate the binding affinity, selectivity, and stability of natural product candidates as potential new antivirals acting on the viral polyprotein processing mediated by SARS-CoV-2 Mpro. A library of 288 flavonoids extracted from Brazilian biodiversity was screened to select potential Mpro inhibitors. An initial filter based on Lipinski's rule of five was applied, and 204 compounds that did not violate any of the Lipinski rules were selected. The compounds were then docked into the active site of Mpro using the GOLD program, and the poses were subsequently re-scored using MM-GBSA (Molecular Mechanics Generalized Born Surface Area) binding free energy calculations performed by AmberTools23. The top five flavonoids with the best MM-GBSA binding free energy values were selected for analysis of their interactions with the active site residues of the protein. Next, we conducted a toxicity and drug-likeness analysis, and non-toxic compounds were subjected to molecular dynamics simulation and free energy calculation using the MM-PBSA (Molecular Mechanics Poisson-Boltzmann Surface Area) method. It was observed that the five selected flavonoids had lower MM-GBSA binding free energy with Mpro than the co-crystal ligand. Furthermore, these compounds also formed hydrogen bonds with two important residues, Cys145 and Glu166, in the active site of Mpro. Two compounds that passed the drug-likeness filter showed stable conformations during the molecular dynamics simulations. Among these, NuBBE_867 exhibited the best MM-PBSA binding free energy value compared to the crystallographic inhibitor. Therefore, this study suggests that NuBBE_867 could be a potential inhibitor against the main protease of SARS-CoV-2 and may be further examined to confirm our results.

7.
Front Public Health ; 12: 1283310, 2024.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38439755

RESUMO

Background: COVID-19 pandemic imposed drastic and abrupt changes to working environment and organization and that might have caused additional negative effects on mental health. Thus, this study aimed to quantify and assess the severity of psychological distress experienced by Brazilian essential and nonessential workers during the first months of the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: This descriptive study included 2,903 participants who answered an online questionnaire between April and May 2020. The research questionnaire was translated and culturally adapted to the Brazilian population from a questionnaire developed and validated for the Spanish population. Variables were analyzed using simple and cumulative percentage distributions and measures of central tendency and dispersion. The Wilson score interval was used to calculate confidence interval (CI) for the main outcome, psychological distress. Results: It was observed a high prevalence (72.6%) of psychological distress among the study's participants. They also presented a median risk perception score of 60 (out of a maximum of 90), and their greatest concern was transmitting the virus to family members, close contacts or patients. Furthermore, it was found a lower sense of coherence and work engagement among the participants than those observed in previous studies conducted in other countries. Conclusion: Almost three quarters of the study's participants were classified as presenting psychological distress. Thus, it is imperative to provide mental health remotely delivered interventions to workers during public health events that require prolonged social distancing measures.


Assuntos
COVID-19 , Angústia Psicológica , Humanos , COVID-19/epidemiologia , Brasil/epidemiologia , Pandemias , Família
8.
Pediatric Health Med Ther ; 15: 103-110, 2024.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38445213

RESUMO

Introduction: Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is one of the most common causes of childhood morbidity and mortality, causing about two million deaths per year worldwide. The complicated CAP (CCAP) results from the worsening of CAP. Their incidence has reduced in the last 30 years due to vaccination. However, the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic reduced vaccination coverage, resulting in increased incidence of CCAP in 2021 and 2022. Objective: To analyze the clinical and epidemiological profile of CAP in children under five years of age in two periods: pre- (2018 to 2019) and during the COVID-19 pandemic (2020 to 2022). Methods: This cross-sectional retrospective study was conducted at the Professor Fernando Figueira Institute of Integral Medicine (IMIP). We analyzed the sociodemographic and clinical variables of children with CAP aged below five years who were admitted to IMIP from 2018 to 2022. Analysis encompassed the Pearson's Chi-square test, Fischer's exact test, and Student's T tests. Results: A total of 468 children were analyzed: 382 in the pre-pandemic period and 86 during the COVID-19 pandemic. Concerning the antibiotic therapy, the most prescribed was Ampicillin (45.00%) in both periods. The combination of Oxacillin and Ceftriaxone was prescribed in 6.86% of cases in the pre-pandemic period; this value increased to 20.90% during the COVID-19 pandemic. Pleural effusion represented 12.10% of cases in the pre-pandemic period and 24.40% during the COVID-19 pandemic. The presence of pleural empyema went from 1.60% to 8.20%, and necrotizing pneumonia from 1.30% to 5.90% in the respective periods. Regarding ICU admission, 5.30% were admitted during the pre-pandemic period and 34.10% during the COVID-19 pandemic. Clinical suspicion of influenza presented a positivity rate of 17.60%. Conclusion: Children with CAP presented a higher frequency of complications during the COVID-19 pandemic. Further research is needed to find the cause of increased CAP complications in this period.

9.
Salud Colect ; 20: e4774, 2024 Mar 06.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38457779

RESUMO

From the theoretical perspective of the cartography of the micropolitics of living labor in action, the objective was to analyze the work process of the "street clinic" team based in a primary care unit in the city of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, in the management of tuberculosis cases in the context of the Covid-19 pandemic. This is an exploratory qualitative research. Between May and December 2021, seven professionals from the street clinic team were interviewed, and participant observation was conducted with field diary records. Three thematic axes emerged from the interviews related to people experiencing homelessness in the context of the Covid -19 pandemic: 1) Challenges, potentialities, and weaknesses of tuberculosis care; 2) Building intersectoral care networks for monitoring individuals with tuberculosis; and 3) The street as a space for care production: the work process of the street clinic in tuberculosis management. It is concluded that caring for people experiencing homelessness with tuberculosis in the context of the Covid -19 pandemic requires not only managing clinical protocols but also building shared work with the intra and intersectoral network. In addition to the task of being in the territory, the outpatient service in the territory must also be a street outpatient service, especially regarding tuberculosis treatment.


Desde la perspectiva teórica de la cartografía de la micropolítica del trabajo vivo en acto, el objetivo fue analizar el proceso de trabajo del equipo del "consultorio en la calle" con sede en una unidad de atención básica de la ciudad de Río de Janeiro, Brasil, en el manejo de casos de tuberculosis, en el contexto de la pandemia de covid-19. Se trata de una investigación exploratoria con enfoque cualitativo. Entre mayo y diciembre de 2021, se entrevistaron a siete profesionales del equipo consultorio en la calle, y se realizó observación participante con registros en diario de campo. De las entrevistas surgieron tres ejes temáticos relacionados con la población en situación de calle en el contexto de la pandemia covid-19: 1) Desafíos, potencialidades y fragilidades del cuidado de la tuberculosis; 2) Construcción de redes de cuidados intersectoriales para el seguimiento de las personas con tuberculosis; y 3) La calle como espacio de producción de cuidado: el proceso de trabajo del consultorio en la calle en el manejo de la tuberculosis. Se concluye que la atención a personas en situación de calle con tuberculosis en el contexto de la pandemia covid-19 requiere no solo de la gestión de protocolos clínicos, sino también de la construcción de un trabajo compartido con la red intra e intersectorial. Además de la tarea de estar en el territorio, el servicio ambulatorio del territorio también debe ser un servicio ambulatorio de la calle, especialmente en lo que respecta al tratamiento de la tuberculosis.


Assuntos
COVID-19 , Pessoas Mal Alojadas , Tuberculose , Humanos , Pandemias , COVID-19/epidemiologia , COVID-19/terapia , Brasil/epidemiologia , Tuberculose/epidemiologia , Tuberculose/terapia
11.
J Med Virol ; 96(3): e29551, 2024 Mar.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38506236

RESUMO

Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) is an important cause of respiratory infection in humans. Severe cases are common in children ≤2 years old, immunocompromised individuals, and the elderly. In 2020, RSV infection reduced in Rio Grande do Sul (RS), southern Brazil; however, in 2021 resurgence of RSV was observed. This study analyzed epidemiological and genetic features of RSV infection cases reported in 2021 in RS. Nasopharyngeal samples collected from individuals with respiratory infection negative for SARS-CoV-2, Influenza A and B viruses were assessed for the presence of RSV by real time RT-qPCR. RSV-A and RSV-B genomic sequencing and phylogenetic reconstructions were performed for genotyping and clade characterization. Among 21,035 respiratory samples analyzed, 2,947 were positive for RSV, 947 of which were hospitalized patients. Positive cases were detected year-round, with the highest number in June-July (winter). Children <1 year comprised 56.28% (n = 533) of the hospitalized patients infected with RSV, whereas 14.46% (n = 137) were individuals >60 years. Of a total of 361 deaths, 14.68% (n = 53) were RSV positive, mostly patients >60 years old (73.58%, n = 39). Chronic kidney disease, cardiopathy, Down syndrome and neurological diseases were associated with RSV infection. RSV-A was identified in 58.5% (n = 117/200) of the patients, and RSV-B in 41.5% (n = 83/200). Of 95 RSV genomes recovered from SARI cases, 66 were RSV-A GA.2.3.5 genotype, while 29 were RSV-B GB.5.0.5a genotype. This study provides epidemiological and molecular data on RSV cases in RS during the COVID-19 pandemic and highlights that investigation of different respiratory viruses is essential for decision-making and disease prevention and control measures.


Assuntos
COVID-19 , Influenza Humana , Infecções por Vírus Respiratório Sincicial , Vírus Sincicial Respiratório Humano , Infecções Respiratórias , Criança , Humanos , Lactente , Idoso , Pré-Escolar , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Vírus Sincicial Respiratório Humano/genética , Infecções por Vírus Respiratório Sincicial/epidemiologia , Filogenia , Brasil/epidemiologia , Pandemias , COVID-19/epidemiologia , SARS-CoV-2/genética , Influenza Humana/epidemiologia
12.
Einstein (Sao Paulo) ; 22: eAO0328, 2024.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38477720

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Gabaldi et al. utilized telemedicine data, web search trends, hospitalized patient characteristics, and resource usage data to estimate bed occupancy during the COVID-19 pandemic. The results showcase the potential of data-driven strategies to enhance resource allocation decisions for an effective pandemic response. OBJECTIVE: To develop and validate predictive models to estimate the number of COVID-19 patients hospitalized in the intensive care units and general wards of a private not-for-profit hospital in São Paulo, Brazil. METHODS: Two main models were developed. The first model calculated hospital occupation as the difference between predicted COVID-19 patient admissions, transfers between departments, and discharges, estimating admissions based on their weekly moving averages, segmented by general wards and intensive care units. Patient discharge predictions were based on a length of stay predictive model, assessing the clinical characteristics of patients hospitalized with COVID-19, including age group and usage of mechanical ventilation devices. The second model estimated hospital occupation based on the correlation with the number of telemedicine visits by patients diagnosed with COVID-19, utilizing correlational analysis to define the lag that maximized the correlation between the studied series. Both models were monitored for 365 days, from May 20th, 2021, to May 20th, 2022. RESULTS: The first model predicted the number of hospitalized patients by department within an interval of up to 14 days. The second model estimated the total number of hospitalized patients for the following 8 days, considering calls attended by Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein's telemedicine department. Considering the average daily predicted values for the intensive care unit and general ward across a forecast horizon of 8 days, as limited by the second model, the first and second models obtained R² values of 0.900 and 0.996, respectively and mean absolute errors of 8.885 and 2.524 beds, respectively. The performances of both models were monitored using the mean error, mean absolute error, and root mean squared error as a function of the forecast horizon in days. CONCLUSION: The model based on telemedicine use was the most accurate in the current analysis and was used to estimate COVID-19 hospital occupancy 8 days in advance, validating predictions of this nature in similar clinical contexts. The results encourage the expansion of this method to other pathologies, aiming to guarantee the standards of hospital care and conscious consumption of resources. BACKGROUND: Developed models to forecast bed occupancy for up to 14 days and monitored errors for 365 days. BACKGROUND: Telemedicine calls from COVID-19 patients correlated with the number of patients hospitalized in the next 8 days.


Assuntos
COVID-19 , Quartos de Pacientes , Humanos , Pandemias , Brasil , Unidades de Terapia Intensiva
13.
Enferm. foco (Brasília) ; 15(supl.1): 1-10, mar. 2024. tab, ilus
Artigo em Português | LILACS, BDENF - Enfermagem | ID: biblio-1537183

RESUMO

Objetivo: Este estudo analisou vivências e práticas de enfermagem, de enfermeiros da APS em seis municípios do Maranhão, durante a pandemia da covid-19. Métodos: Trata-se de estudo qualitativo, do qual participaram 23 profissionais vinculados à estratégia Saúde da Família, entrevistados de novembro a agosto de 2021. Os dados foram exportados para o software IRaMuTeQ, extraindo-se padrões de associação, e a partir do dendograma das classes obtido, as categorias foram nomeadas e exploradas por análise temática. Foram identificadas quatro categorias: Dificuldades vivenciadas para o atendimento; Interrupções e adaptações na oferta regular das ações; Enfrentamentos para atendimento da covid-19 e O retorno das atividades e os impactos deixados pela pandemia. Resultados: Observou-se desafiante cenário para as práticas de enfermagem nos atendimentos de pacientes com e sem covid-19, fragilidade institucional e falta de organização da estrutura e dos processos de trabalho, com impactos para a vida e assistência dos entrevistados. Conclusões: Os resultados demonstram a necessidade de diferentes investimentos na APS, que embora tenham sido apontados durante a pandemia, extrapolam este cenário, precisam ser inseridos no cotidiano do trabalho destes profissionais. (AU)


Objective: This study analyzed the experiences and nursing practices of PHC nurses in 6 municipalities in Maranhão, during the covid-19 pandemic. Methods: This is a qualitative study, in which 23 professionals linked to the Family Health Strategy participated, interviewed from November to August 2021. The data were exported to the IRaMuTeQ software, extracting association patterns, and from the dendrogram of the classes obtained, the categories were named and explored by thematic analysis. Four categories were identified: Difficulties experienced in providing care; Interruptions and adaptations in the regular offer of shares; Coping with covid-19 and The return of activities and the impacts left by the pandemic. Results: A challenging scenario was observed for nursing practices in the care of patients with and without covid-19, institutional weakness and lack of organization of structure and work processes, with impacts on the life and care of the interviewees. Conclusion: The results demonstrate the need for different investments in PHC, which, although they were pointed out during the pandemic, go beyond this scenario, it need be inserted in the daily work of these professionals. (AU)


Objetivo: Este estudio analizó las experiencias y prácticas de enfermeros de la APS en 6 municipios de Maranhão, durante la pandemia de COVID-19. Métodos: Se trata de un estudio cualitativo, con 23 profesionales vinculados a la Estrategia Salud de la Familia, entrevistados de noviembre a agosto de 2021. Los datos fueron exportados al software IRaMuTeQ, extrayendo del dendrograma de las clases obtenidas, las categorías fueron nombrados y explorados por el análisis temático, en cuatro categorías: Dificultades experimentadas en la atención; Interrupciones y adaptaciones en la oferta regular de acciones; Enfrentando el COVID-19 y El retorno de las actividades y los impactos que dejó la pandemia. Resultados: Se observó un escenario desafiante para las prácticas de enfermería en el cuidado de pacientes con y sin COVID-19, debilidad institucional y falta de organización de la estructura y procesos de trabajo, con impactos en la vida y cuidado de los entrevistados. Conclusión: Los resultados demuestran la necesidad de diferentes inversiones en la APS, que, aunque fueron señaladas durante la pandemia, van más allá de ese escenario y se insertan en el cotidiano de su trabajo. (AU)


Assuntos
Atenção Primária à Saúde , Enfermagem , COVID-19
14.
J Alzheimers Dis ; 98(2): 691-698, 2024.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38427488

RESUMO

Background: Previous studies reported the negative impact of social isolation on mental health in people with dementia (PwD) and their caregivers, butlongitudinal studies seem scarcer. Objective: To describe a one-year follow-up impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on PwD and their caregivers in both Brazil and Chile. Methods: This study analyzed the impact of the pandemic on the psychological and physical health of PwD and their family caregivers after one year of follow-up in three outpatient clinics in Brazil (n = 68) and Chile (n = 61). Results: In both countries, PwD reduced their functional capacity after one year of follow-up (p = 0.017 and p = 0.009; respectively) and caregivers reported worse physical and mental health (p = 0.028 and p = 0.039). Only in Chile, caregivers reported more sadness associated with care (p = 0.001), and reduced time sleeping (p = 0.07). Conclusions: In conclusion, the COVID-19 pandemic appears to have had a long-lasting impact on PwD and their caregivers. However, it is essential to acknowledge that the inherent progression of dementia itself may also influence changes observed over a year.


Assuntos
COVID-19 , Demência , Humanos , Cuidadores/psicologia , Pandemias , Saúde Mental , Demência/epidemiologia , Demência/psicologia , Seguimentos , Chile/epidemiologia , Brasil/epidemiologia , COVID-19/epidemiologia
16.
J Appl Microbiol ; 2024 Mar 22.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38520165

RESUMO

AIMS: Investigated and compared the occurrence of virulence genes fimH, mrkD, irp2, entB, cps, rmpA and wabG, resistance genes blaKPC and blaNDM, and the genetic variability and clonal relationship of 29 Klebsiella pneumoniae clinical isolates of patients with and without COVID-19, from a hospital in Brazil. METHODS AND RESULTS: All isolates were resistant to beta-lactams. The genes were investigated by PCR, and for molecular typing, ERIC-PCR and MLST were used. The detection of blaNDM was greater (n = 23), when compared to that of blaKPC (n = 14). The virulence genes that most occurred were fimH, entB, cps and wabG, which are responsible for adhesins, siderophore enterobactin, capsule and lipopolysaccharides, respectively. Among the isolates, 21 distinct genetic profiles were found by ERIC-PCR, with multiclonal dissemination. Four isolates belonged to the ST11 clone. CONCLUSIONS: The occurrence of the ST11 is worrying as it is a high-risk clone involved in the dissemination of virulent strains throughout the world.

17.
BMC Public Health ; 24(1): 849, 2024 Mar 19.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38504228

RESUMO

CONTEXT: Both the aging of the population and the increase in noncommunicable diseases may influence the progression and outcomes culminating in death, changing the evolution of ischemic heart diseases (IHDs) and their associated causes. Using the multiple causes of death method could help understand the magnitude of these relationships and enable better targeting of investments in health. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the mortality from IHD in Brazil between 2006 and 2020 using the method of multiple causes and identify differences in the distribution pattern of IHD mortality by sex and geographic region. METHODS: Based on information extracted from death certificates (DCs) obtained from the database of the Department of Informatics of the Unified Health System (DATASUS), we used the multiple causes method to analyze the causes of death associated with IHD when IHD was defined as the underlying cause of death (UC) and the causes of death listed as the UC when IHD was recorded in any other lines of the DC, from 2006 to 2020, in Brazil. Subsequently, the proportion of these causes of death and differences between sexes and geographic regions were evaluated, with statistical relevance analyzed using the chi-square test, and the dependence between factors illustrated using stacked bar charts and small-world network graphs. RESULTS: When IHD was listed as the UC of death, the most frequent associated causes of death were, in descending order of frequency, acute myocardial infarction (AMI), arterial hypertension (AH), chronic ischemic heart disease (CHID), heart failure (HF), and diabetes mellitus (DM). When IHD was mentioned in any line of the DC, the most frequent UCs of death were AMI followed by DM, CIHD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), stroke, dyslipidemia, and, in the year 2020, COVID-19. The most frequent cause of death in women were DM as the UC and associated cause of death, AH as the UC, and CIHD and Alzheimer's disease as associated causes of death, while the most frequent causes of death in men were substance dependence as the UC and associated cause of death, and cancer as an associated cause of death. The most frequent causes of death were DM and stroke in the North and Northeast, dyslipidemia and obesity in the Midwest, Alzheimer's disease in the South and Southeast, and atherosclerotic heart disease (AHD) and COPD in the South. CONCLUSIONS: Several diseases - including AMI, AH, CIHD, HF, and DM - were the most frequent associated causes of death when IHD was recorded as the UC. In contrast, AMI, DM, CIHD, COPD, and stroke were the most frequent UCs when IHD was listed as an associated cause of death. The degree of these associations varied between sexes and geographic regions.


Assuntos
Doença de Alzheimer , Diabetes Mellitus , Dislipidemias , Insuficiência Cardíaca , Hipertensão , Infarto do Miocárdio , Isquemia Miocárdica , Doença Pulmonar Obstrutiva Crônica , Acidente Vascular Cerebral , Masculino , Humanos , Feminino , Causas de Morte , Brasil/epidemiologia , Diabetes Mellitus/epidemiologia
18.
J Telemed Telecare ; : 1357633X241235426, 2024 Mar 06.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38446874

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: eConsults are asynchronous digital communications for primary care professionals to seek timely specialist advice. Potential benefits include increased primary healthcare capacity and referral efficiency. Santa Catarina Telehealth Centre in Brazil has offered eConsults for an increasing number of specialties since 2008. This study described the characteristics of this service, including referral efficiency, sustainability, and satisfaction. METHODS: Retrospective longitudinal analysis of eConsults activity data from 2015 to 2022 with three domains of the Model for Assessment of Telemedicine Applications used to structure the analysis. RESULTS: Characteristics of the application: The total number of eConsults performed in 2015 was 4764, reaching 41,178 in 2022. While 30.3% of eConsults were synchronous in 2015, only asynchronous communication remained from 2021. Clinical effectiveness: eConsults requested to refer patients to specialist care resulting in primary care management remaining above 30% of the total for all specialties from 2019 to 2022, with hematology having the highest percentage (>52%). Organizational aspects: Established workflows with local specialists responding to eConsults (cardiology, endocrinology, hematology and orthopaedics) kept a constant or increasing number of eConsults and maintained the proportion of primary care management from 2019 to 2022, once recovered from COVID-19 and funding restrictions-related reductions. Over 90% of primary care professionals are either satisfied or very satisfied with the eConsult service. CONCLUSION: Over 8 years, 223,734 consultations were conducted, with high satisfaction, demonstrating the substantial potential for increased primary care-sensitive conditions management. Hiring local specialists, fostering integrated care, and enabling sustainable workflows are key to eConsults' success.

19.
Clinics (Sao Paulo) ; 79: 100340, 2024.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38432122

RESUMO

OBJECTIVES: The COVID-19 pandemic has had a significant global impact since its declaration in March 2020. The COVID-19 pandemic has disproportionately impacted cancer patients, particularly those with breast cancer. This study aims to analyze the effects of the pandemic on women diagnosed with breast cancer recurrence. METHODS: A cohort study was conducted at a tertiary public hospital in São Paulo State, Brazil. Data were collected from electronic records. Patients diagnosed with breast cancer and experiencing recurrence between January 2011 and March 2022 were included. Survival analysis was performed using the Kaplan-Meier estimator and Cox regression. RESULTS: The study included 187 patients, 45 in the pandemic group (recurrence after March 23, 2020) and 142 in the pre-pandemic group. Distant recurrences were more frequent in both groups (pre-pandemic: 62.7 %, pandemic: 75.5 %). Compared to the pre-pandemic group (1.8 years), the pandemic group experienced a longer mean time to recurrence detection (2.9 years) and significantly decreased median survival (9 months vs. 22 months). The Cox regression analysis confirmed an increased risk of death for women diagnosed with breast cancer recurrence during the pandemic period (HR = 1.92, 95 % CI 1.19‒3.12). CONCLUSION: The present study is among the first to investigate the pandemic's specific effects on breast cancer recurrence, revealing concerning delays in detection and a decrease in survival rates. Prompt diagnosis, timely treatment initiation, and comprehensive support are crucial during public health crises. These findings urge healthcare systems to prioritize tailored care for breast cancer patients during pandemics.


Assuntos
Neoplasias da Mama , COVID-19 , Humanos , Feminino , Neoplasias da Mama/diagnóstico , Pandemias , Estudos de Coortes , Diagnóstico Tardio , Brasil/epidemiologia , Teste para COVID-19
20.
Front Psychol ; 15: 1356553, 2024.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38449766

RESUMO

Background: Parkinson's disease (PD) causes several motor and non-motor symptoms, resulting in negative impacts on physical, mental, emotional, and social aspects of people with PD quality of life. Dance has been considered as a potential non-pharmacological intervention to improve people with PD motor and non-motor symptoms, thereby enhancing quality of life. Purpose: To analyze the self-perceive impacts of Brazilian Dance on the quality of life (physical, mental, emotional, and social) of PwPD, both before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: Fourteen participants from the "Dança & Parkinson" project were included in this qualitative study. Data collection instruments consisted of a profile and personal data sheet; assessment of accessibility to the online dance classes; Telephone Montreal Cognitive Assessment by phone call; and semi-structured interview conducted through ZOOM video call. The participants characterization data were calculated using mean, standard deviation, and percentages with the Excel Program version 2013. Qualitative data was analyzed using the Thematic Analysis technique in the Nvivo, version 8.0, qualitative analysis of text, sound, and video program. Results: The participants reported facing various challenges in dealing with PD, which negatively impact their quality of life. However, their resilience, acceptance, and dedication to treatment play an important role in coping with the issues related to the disease. Brazilian dance, both in-person before the COVID-19 pandemic and online during the pandemic, led the participants to perceive improvements in physical, mental, emotional, and social aspects of quality of life. Conclusion: The Brazilian dance appears to have a positive impact on the physical, mental, emotional, and social aspects of the participants' quality of life, both before and during the COVID-19 pandemic.

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