Public acceptance of COVID-19 control measures and associated factors during Omicron-dominant period in China: a cross-sectional survey.

OBJECTIVES: This study aims to evaluate the public acceptance of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) control measures during the Omicron-dominant period and its associated factors. METHODS: A cross-sectional design was conducted and 1391 study participants were openly recruited to participate in the questionnaire survey. Logistic regression model was performed to assess the association between the public acceptance and potential factors more specifically. RESULTS: By August 26, 2022, 58.9% of the study participants were less acceptive of the control measures while 41.1% expressed higher acceptance. Factors associated with lower acceptance included young age, such as < 18 (OR = 8.251, 95% CI: 2.009 to 33.889) and 18-29 (OR = 2.349, 95% CI: 1.564 to 3.529), and household per capita monthly income lower than 5000 yuan (OR = 1.512, 95% CI: 1.085 to 2.105). Furthermore, individuals who perceived that the case fatality rate (CFR) of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) was very low (OR = 6.010, 95% CI: 2.475 to 14.595) and that the restrictions could be eased once the CFR dropped to 2-3 times of the influenza (OR = 2.792, 95% CI: 1.939 to 4.023) showed greater oppositional attitudes. Likewise, respondents who were dissatisfied with control measures (OR = 9.639, 95% CI: 4.425 to 20.998) or preferred fully relaxation as soon as possible (OR = 13.571, 95% CI: 7.751 to 23.758) had even lower acceptability. By contrast, rural residents (OR = 0.683, 95% CI: 0.473 to 0.987), students (OR = 0.510, 95% CI: 0.276 to 0.941), public (OR = 0.417, 95% CI: 0.240 to 0.727) and private (OR = 0.562, 95% CI: 0.320 to 0.986) employees, and vaccinated participants (OR = 0.393, 95% CI: 0.204 to 0.756) were more compliant with control measures. CONCLUSION: More than half of the Chinese public were less supportive of COVID-19 control measures during Omicron-dominant period, which varied based on their different demographic characteristics, cognition and overall attitude towards SARS-CoV-2 infection. Control measures that struck a balance between public safety and individual freedom would be more acceptable during the pandemic.

Relatório Técnico Imunização 2022

O presente documento denota o Relatório Técnico de Gestão de Imunização do Brasil, referente ao ano de 2022 – Relatório Anual Brasil 2022, no contexto da Estratégia de Cooperação do País 2022-2027 (ECP/2022-2027), promovida pelo escritório da OPAS/OMS no Brasil, e Ministério da Saúde do Brasil, como uma oportunidade de reforçar os compromissos e as alianças a fim de enfrentar os grandes desafios existentes no campo da saúde pública, especificamente na imunização e, com isso contribuir com os objetivos de recuperação das coberturas vacinais, ao longo do curso de vida. A Coordenação de Imunização da OPAS/OMS no Brasil executou ações dos componentes do Programa Nacional de Imunizações (PNI) em cooperação com o Brasil nas cinco prioridades estratégicas e áreas de foco definidas na ECP/2022-2027: 1) proteger e promover a saúde da população, centrada nas pessoas, famílias e comunidades, especialmente aquelas em situação de vulnerabilidade; 2) recuperar, melhorar e tornar mais forte os serviços de saúde e os programas prioritários impactados pela pandemia da covid-19; 3) contribuir para o desenvolvimento de um Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS) mais resiliente, equitativo e eficaz, de acordo com as necessidades de saúde da população; 4) impulsionar a pesquisa, a inovação e a geração de conhecimentos científicos e tecnológicos em saúde, incluindo aqueles voltados à pesquisa, ao desenvolvimento e à produção de medicamentos, fitoterápicos e produtos tradicionais em saúde, vacinas, biotecnológicos e tecnologias em saúde e 5) reforçar a prevenção, a preparação, a resposta oportuna e a recuperação nas emergências e nos desastres. Neste documento, será apresentada uma análise retrospectiva da situação epidemiológica das doenças preveníveis por vacinação, das estratégias de vacinação, dos riscos e impactos para 2023, bem como dos Eventos Supostamente Atribuíveis à Vacinação ou Imunização (ESAVI). Ainda, será exibido no documento a participação da OPAS/OMS Brasil na elaboração das propostas de melhorias e avanços para o PNI do Brasil e contribuições com os gestores do SUS e outros parceiros que atuam ativamente nesse propósito.

Acute care pathway assessed through performance indicators during the COVID-19 pandemic in OECD countries (2020-2021): a scoping review.

BACKGROUND: The COVID-19 pandemic severely impacted care for non-COVID patients. Performance indicators to monitor acute care, timely reported and internationally accepted, lacked during the pandemic in OECD countries. This study aims to summarize the performance indicators available in the literature to monitor changes in the quality of acute care in OECD countries during the first year and a half of the pandemic (2020-July 2021) and to assess their trends. METHODS: Scoping review. Search in Embase and MEDLINE (07-07-2022). Acute care performance indicators and indicators related to acute general surgery were collected and collated following a care pathway approach. Indicators assessing identical clinical measures were grouped under a common indicator title. The trends from each group of indicators were collated (increase/decrease/stable). RESULTS: A total of 152 studies were included. 2354 indicators regarding general acute care and 301 indicators related to acute general surgery were included. Indicators focusing on pre-hospital services reported a decreasing trend in the volume of patients: from 225 indicators, 110 (49%) reported a decrease. An increasing trend in pre-hospital treatment times was reported by most of the indicators (n = 41;70%) and a decreasing trend in survival rates of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (n = 61;75%). Concerning care provided in the emergency department, most of the indicators (n = 752;71%) showed a decreasing trend in admissions across all levels of urgency. Concerning the mortality rate after admission, most of the indicators (n = 23;53%) reported an increasing trend. The subset of indicators assessing acute general surgery showed a decreasing trend in the volume of patients (n = 50;49%), stability in clinical severity at admission (n = 36;53%), and in the volume of surgeries (n = 14;47%). Most of the indicators (n = 28;65%) reported no change in treatment approach and stable mortality rate (n = 11,69%). CONCLUSION: This review signals relevant disruptions across the acute care pathway. A subset of general surgery performance indicators showed stability in most of the phases of the care pathway. These results highlight the relevance of assessing this care pathway more regularly and systematically across different clinical entities to monitor disruptions and to improve the resilience of emergency services during a crisis.

Validation of public stigma of tuberculosis scale during the COVID-19 pandemic using the Rasch model.

OBJECTIVE: Tuberculosis (TB) is still a major global health problem, and it has been particularly concerning during the COVID-19 pandemic. Non-compliance with anti-TB treatment increases the number of multidrug-resistant cases, causing ongoing transmission and increased morbidity and mortality. The main factors causing TB patients' non-compliance are stigma and lack of financial resources. Stigma harms patients and may cause them to delay seeking and adhering to treatment. Thus, it is important to measure the public stigma surrounding TB. However, few scales are available to measure this stigma as it developed during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study, therefore, aimed to develop and validate such a scale. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Mixed methods were employed in this study, consisting of a qualitative phase using in-depth interviews with 26 community leaders and a descriptive quantitative survey of 37 people in the Sumedang District to validate the public stigma of tuberculosis scale during the COVID-19 pandemic. The qualitative data were analyzed using thematic analysis, and the quantitative data were analyzed using the Rasch model. RESULTS: The 21 items yielded by an initial qualitative analysis of the data gathered were validated using the RASCH model, yielding 17 valid items with a Cronbach's Alpha of 0.95, person separation of 3.61, real root mean square deviation (RMSE) of 0.37, infit mean square (INFIT MNSQ) of > +1.25, differential item functioning (DIF) of 1.000, the raw variance of 52.4%, and an unexplained variance ranging from 3.4% to 6.9%. CONCLUSIONS: The scale developed to measure the public stigma surrounding TB during the COVID-19 pandemic is valid and reliable to measure stigma surrounding TB in the community, especially the pandemic. Further research is needed to apply the scale to bigger and broader populations to evaluate its measurement consistency.

Epidemiological evaluation of patient compliance regarding oral health and hygiene during the COVID-19 period.

This work aimed to report values on oral hygiene habits at home during the pandemic and compare the differences between previous oral hygiene habits. A total of 1,136 questionnaires were filled in via a link sent through email to the patients. The answers show that although they had more time during the pandemic, they spent less time on dental and tongue hygiene. Dental and tongue hygiene are key to maintaining systemic health. The questionnaire was sent by e-mail to 1,136 male and female patients throughout Italy. Demonstrate and understand whether patients during the pandemic cleaned and spent time cleaning and maintaining their teeth and tongue hygiene. The questionnaire testifies to the fact that it is not the time but the patient's compliance and motivation that makes the difference. OBJECTIVE: This work aimed to report values regarding oral hygiene habits at home during the pandemic and compare the difference with previous oral hygiene habits. METHODS: This study was performed anonymously and had patients answer an online questionnaire. The questionnaire consisted of 11 closed-answer questions (except 1) concerning oral hygiene habits at home at the time of COVID-19 and participant characteristics, including gender and age. A total of 1,136 questionnaires were filled in via a link sent by email to the patients. RESULTS: Among the 1,136 patients examined, 32.4% (372) were male and 67.6% (775) were female, and almost half (47.9%) of the patients who answered the questionnaire were aged 18-40 years. Patients who participated in our survey were asked questions related to dental and tongue hygiene. The answers showed that although they had more time during the pandemic, they brushed their teeth less and did not brush their tongues regularly. CONCLUSION: Patients with periodontal problems usually have less time for brushing and do not have good plaque control. The questionnaire showed the opposite, such that the patient's compliance and motivation matters more than time. Thus, dentists and dental hygienists must encourage and make patients understand the importance of oral hygiene at home.

Evaluación de la cooperación técnica de la Organización Panamericana de la Salud en la prevención y el control de las enfermedades no transmisibles en la Región de las Américas. Volumen I. Informe final

El propósito general de la Evaluación de la cooperación técnica de la OPS para la prevención y el control de las enfermedades no transmisibles (ENT) en las Américas fue determinar el nivel de logro de los resultados y el desempeño en materia de prevención y control de las ENT en la Región. Para la evaluación se analizaron la relevancia, coherencia, coordinación, eficacia, eficiencia y sostenibilidad de la cooperación técnica de la OPS en el ámbito de las ENT (orientación en cuanto a políticas, apoyo y herramientas). También se evaluaron tres temas transversales: igualdad de género, equidad y derechos humanos, y COVID-19. La evaluación se centró tanto en la rendición de cuentas como en las enseñanzas. Los objetivos de la evaluación fueron: evaluar la implementación de la cooperación técnica prestada por la OPS en el ámbito de las ENT y documentar los logros fundamentales, así como los desafíos, las brechas y las áreas que deben mejorarse; examinar los factores facilitadores y los factores limitantes, internos y externos, que afectaron la cooperación técnica de la OPS en los tres niveles de la Organización, así como los logros y las brechas, incluidas las implicaciones de cómo la OPS brindó su cooperación técnica regular respecto de las ENT en los años 2020 y 2021, en el contexto de la respuesta a la pandemia de COVID-19, y presentar las enseñanzas extraídas y recomendaciones basadas en la evidencia para fortalecer la cooperación técnica en materia de las ENT mientras se forja una recuperación resiliente tras la pandemia de COVID-19.

Evaluation of the Pan American Health Organization Technical Cooperation in Noncommunicable Disease Prevention and Control in the Americas. Volume II. Annexes

This publication is the companion document to "Evaluation of the Pan American Health Organization Technical Cooperation for Noncommunicable Disease Prevention and Control in the Americas. Volume I. Final Report". The overall purpose of the evaluation was to determine the level of results attainment and performance for NCD prevention and control. The evaluation’s three objectives included documenting key achievements and challenges, examining enabling and limiting factors and providing lessons learned and evidence-based recommendations. The scope of the evaluation was determined by the scope of the POA and covered the period from 2013 and the region of the Americas including the sub-regions of the Caribbean, Central America and South America. The evaluation was conducted from July 2022 to March 2023 using a mixed methods approach. Existing indicator data was reviewed and analyzed. Primary data was collected through key informant interviews and surveys of Non-State Actors in official relations with PAHO and PAHO Collaborating Centers. A total of 231 key informants were interviewed including in “deep dives” conducted in three countries, Costa Rica, Paraguay and Trinidad and Tobago. Each “deep dive” was conducted by a two-person team made up of one of the members of the evaluation core team and an in-country consultant. These “deep dives” allowed a wider range of key informants to be interviewed in these countries than in others. Analysis of findings was conducted by the core team through meetings and reviewing and commenting on draft sections. Different core team members took responsibility for particular sections of the report.

Estratégia de Cooperação do País 2022 – 2027 - Brasil. Versão resumida

A Organização Pan-Americana da Saúde/Organização Mundial da Saúde (OPAS/OMS) e o governo da República Federativa do Brasil apresentam a Estratégia de Cooperação com o País (ECP) 2022–2027, em sua versão resumida. É um documento que orienta a cooperação técnica, além de corroborar com a longa história de parceria da OPAS/OMS com o governo brasileiro e ratificar o compromisso de trabalho para alcance da saúde como um direito de todos e dever do Estado. A ECP 2022-2027 configura-se como oportunidade de reforçar compromissos e alianças para o enfrentamento dos desafios ainda existentes no campo da saúde pública com o apoio da cooperação técnica da OPAS/OMS com o Brasil. Há mais de 30 anos, o Brasil conta com um Sistema Único de Saúde, referência mundial, fonte de conhecimento para a Região das Américas e outras regiões do mundo, baseado nos princípios de “universalidade, integralidade e equidade”, e que traz a participação popular como elemento fundamental para o exercício do direito à saúde. O pós-pandemia da Covid-19 deve ser uma oportunidade para retomada dos avanços e da colaboração para recuperação oportuna, estratégica e sustentável rumo à saúde universal no País. Continuaremos trabalhando juntos nos próximos anos para garantir a saúde universal, uma vida saudável e bem-estar para todas as pessoas sem deixar ninguém para trás no Brasil.

Pan American Health Organization Response to COVID-19 2022. Summary Report on US Government Funding Allocated under the American Rescue Plan Act

In response to the Pan American Health Organization (PAHO) Regional COVID‑19 Response Strategy and Donor Appeal, the United States (US) Government, through the American Rescue Plan Act (ARPA), provided US$ 75 million to help countries in Latin America and the Caribbean continue to scale up their responses to the pandemic and its wide‑ranging impacts. This summary report of the 2022 COVID‑19 response documents the activities and key results this generous contribution has funded. Since the start of the pandemic, PAHO’s response to COVID‑19 has been grounded in the principles of engaging and empowering all of society and every arm of government through community‑centered solutions, underpinned by the principles of equity and inclusiveness, with communities at the heart. However, as 2022 got underway, the quick‑wins that propelled the initial vaccination roll out were overtaken by more complicated implementation challenges. Priority issues during this period included: how to reach vulnerable groups with historically poor access to health services; how to address the challenges of migration and cross‑border movements; and how to mitigate against the backslide in health indicators resulting from decreased access to other essential health services. The achievements described in this report demonstrate that, by supporting PAHO to maintain the momentum of its COVID‑19 response into its third year, the US Government’s valuable fi nancial assistance has put the Region on track to build back stronger and more resilient health systems. Going forward, PAHO is committed to supporting all Member States, and the Region as a whole, to capitalize on lessons learned from the pandemic and to succeed in delivering a sustainable post‑pandemic recovery.

Country Cooperation Strategy 2022-2027 Brazil. Revised Version

The Pan American Health Organization/ World Health Organization (PAHO/WHO) has developed a solid partnership with the Federative Republic of Brazil to promote the development of the national health system and its international projection. PAHO/WHO monitors the performance of the health sector, facilitates learning, fosters the improvement of methodologies and technologies, and encourages sustainability and the exchange of successful experiences. The final objective of the PAHO/WHO technical cooperation is to contribute to universal health, the improvement of the Unified Health System (SUS) and the achievement of better health outcomes in Brazil. The Brazilian State has the right to health as a core value, established in the Federal Constitution of 1988, and advocates its promotion and protection without distinction. In the last two decades, we observed important advances in the health of the Brazilian population: an increase in the Human Development Index (HDI), which measures the dimensions of health, income, and education; and an increase in life expectancy at birth, which increased by 6.8 years between 2000 and 2019. Despite the advances and economic growth achieved, poverty and inequalities continue to be a challenge not only for Brazil, but also for the entire Region. The Country Cooperation Strategy (CCS) 2022-2027 is an opportunity to reinforce commitments and alliances to face the challenges that still exist in the field of public health with the support of PAHO/WHO technical cooperation with Brazil. The CCS is a strategic reference for the process of planning and allocating technical cooperation resources to Brazil, which must be continually reviewed and updated to ensure constructive interaction between the Country’s priorities and those of the Organization, in addition to allow its adaptation to new national health scenarios in the country.

Máster europeo en ciencias de la terapia ocupacional: un comienzo exitoso en la Universidad de A Coruña / European master of science in occupational therapy a successful start at University of A Coruña

La Universidade de A Coruña, España, se convirtió en la nueva universidad socia del Máster Europeo en Ciencias en Terapia Ocupacional en septiembre de 2022. Este programa es desarrollado en conjunto por cinco universidades europeas y tiene una historia de más de 20 años. El módulo 4, "Perspectivas socioculturales de la ocupación humana - Argumentación científica y teórica" es ahora responsabilidad de la Universidade da Coruña. Fue desarrollado por su equipo, terapeutas ocupacionales expertas en la materia, por primera vez en junio de 2023 de forma exitosa. En este texto compartimos la experiencia y las primeras impresiones de esta prometedora colaboración.(AU)

The University of A Coruña, Spain, became the new partner university of the European Master's in Occupational Therapy in September 2022. This program is jointly developed by five European universities and has a history of over 20 years. Module 4, "Sociocultural Perspectives of Human Occupation - Scientific and Theoretical Argumentation," is now the responsibility of the University of A Coruña. It was successfully developed by their team of occupational therapists, who are experts in the field, for the first time in June 2023. In this text, we share the experience and initial impressions of this promising collaboration.(AU)

European master of science in occupational therapy a successful start at University of A Coruña / Máster europeo en ciencias de la terapia ocupacional: un comienzo exitoso en la Universidad de A Coruña

The University of A Coruña, Spain, became the new partner university of the European Master's in Occupational Therapy in September 2022. This program is jointly developed by five European universities and has a history of over 20 years. Module 4, "Sociocultural Perspectives of Human Occupation - Scientific and Theoretical Argumentation," is now the responsibility of the University of A Coruña. It was successfully developed by their team of occupational therapists, who are experts in the field, for the first time in June 2023. In this text, we share the experience and initial impressions of this promising collaboration.(AU)

La Universidade de A Coruña, España, se convirtió en la nueva universidad socia del Máster Europeo en Ciencias en Terapia Ocupacional en septiembre de 2022. Este programa es desarrollado en conjunto por cinco universidades europeas y tiene una historia de más de 20 años. El módulo 4, "Perspectivas socioculturales de la ocupación humana - Argumentación científica y teórica" es ahora responsabilidad de la Universidade da Coruña. Fue desarrollado por su equipo, terapeutas ocupacionales expertas en la materia, por primera vez en junio de 2023 de forma exitosa. En este texto compartimos la experiencia y las primeras impresiones de esta prometedora colaboración.(AU)

Using Collaborative Online International Learning to Support Global Midwifery Education.

BACKGROUND AND LOCAL PROBLEM: The COVID-19 pandemic created a gap in global health learning, requiring creative solutions to bridge the divide. Collaborative online international learning (COIL) is a program between universities located in different geographic areas that aims to build cross-cultural learning and collaboration. INTERVENTION: Faculty members from Uganda and the United States worked collaboratively to plan a 2-session COIL activity for nursing and midwifery students. Twenty-eight students from the United States and Uganda participated in the pilot quality improvement project. MEASURES: Students completed a 13-question REDCap survey measuring satisfaction, time commitment for the activity, and increase in knowledge about differently resourced healthcare systems. Students also were asked to provide qualitative feedback in that survey. RESULTS: Survey results indicate a high level of satisfaction and an increased understanding of a new healthcare system. The majority of students wanted more scheduled activity times, the opportunity to meet face to face, and/or more robust sessions in the future. CONCLUSION: This COIL activity between students in the United States and Uganda was a no-cost activity that provided global health learning opportunities for students during the global pandemic. The COIL model is replicable, adaptable, and customizable for a variety of courses and time spans.

To what extent do young chinese elites comply with COVID-19 prevention and control measures?

BACKGROUND: During the COVID-19 pandemic, it is vital for individuals to comply with the government's prevention and control measures. This study aims to explore determinants of college students' compliance behaviour during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS: This study conducted an online survey among 3,122 individuals aged 18 and above from March to November 2022 in China. Individuals' compliance behaviour was divided into protective behaviour (that includes wearing a mask, maintaining a physical distance, and getting vaccinated) and restrictive behaviour (that includes offering health codes and a nucleic acid test certificate). Individuals' compliance motivation was divided into calculated motivation (including the fear of being infected, the fear of being published, and previous experience of pandemic prevention) and normative motivation (including the sense of social responsibility and trust in government). We defined young people aged between 18 and 24 with a college degree as young elites, and constructed ordinary least squares linear regression to compare their compliance behaviour with young people without a college degree (young non-elites), and non-young people with a college degree (non-young elites). RESULTS: Almost three years after the outbreak of the pandemic, Chinese individuals retained a high degree of compliance with COVID-19 prevention and control policies, particularly with respect to the provision of health codes. Young elites were more compliant with getting vaccinated, wearing a mask, providing health codes and testing results than their counterparts. The sense of social responsibility and trust in government were the major drivers of young elites' compliance behaviour during the pandemic. Young elites who were male, had a rural "hukou", and were not a member of the China Communist Party were more compliant with COVID-19 prevention and control measures. CONCLUSION: This study found that young elites in China had high policy compliance during the COVID-19 pandemic. These young elites' compliance behaviour was driven by their sense of social responsibility and trust in government rather than the fear of being infected and the fear of being punished as a result of violating the regulations. We suggest that in the context of managing health crises, in stead of introducing punitive measures to enforce citizens to comply with the management measures, promoting citizens' sense of social responsibility and building a trusting relationship with citizens contrite to the enhancement of citizens' policy compliance.

A Systematic Review of Patient-Reported Adherence Measures in Asthma: Which Questionnaire Is Most Useful in Clinical Practice?

BACKGROUND: Suboptimal adherence to inhaled corticosteroid in asthma is a worryingly prevalent yet modifiable factor in uncontrolled disease. Several objective measures of adherence exist, but they are time-consuming. The use of patient-reported adherence measures (PRAMs) could therefore offer a time-efficient pragmatic approach to assessing adherence in clinical practice and potentially the appropriate interventions to improve it. OBJECTIVES: To identify the PRAMs available for asthma and assess their psychometric quality, accessibility, and usefulness in clinical practice, as well as to provide recommendations for clinicians based on these findings. METHODS: We conducted a systematic review of six databases. Articles included in this study were English language, full-text, original, asthma-specific PRAMs or development/validation studies of a generic PRAM that had been administered to adults with asthma, investigated inhaled corticosteroid adherence in adults (aged 18 years and older), and assessed at least one COnsensus-based Standards for the selection of health Measurement INstruments measurement property. RESULTS: We included 15 PRAM developmental and/or validation studies in this systematic review. Studies evaluated a range of COnsensus-based Standards for the selection of health Measurement INstruments measurement properties, but none evaluated all of them. CONCLUSIONS: Based on this review, we recommend that when a PRAM is used, it should be the Test of the Adherence to Inhalers. However, the Adherence Starts with Knowledge-20 and Adherence Starts with Knowledge-12 may also be useful. Our results highlight the need for PRAM developers to assess questionnaires robustly and provide guidance for clinicians regarding how to act on PRAM answers by developing materials such as decision support tool kits.

Política para mejorar la salud mental

En este documento se presenta una política para orientar y brindar apoyo a los Estados Miembros de la Organización Panamericana de la Salud (OPS), así como a la Oficina Sanitaria Panamericana, en las actividades de cooperación técnica dirigidas a mejorar la salud mental como prioridad para fomentar el desarrollo social, económico y de salud en la Región en el contexto de la pandemia de COVID-19 y posteriormente.

Presupuesto por Programas de la Organización Panamericana de la Salud 2022-2023. (Documento oficial: 363)

El Presupuesto por Programas de la Organización Panamericana de la Salud 2022-2023 es el segundo en elaborarse y ejecutarse en el marco del Plan Estratégico de la Organización Panamericana de la Salud 2020-2025. En él se establecen los resultados institucionales y las metas de la Organización Panamericana de la Salud (OPS) para el próximo bienio, y se presenta el presupuesto que la Oficina Sanitaria Panamericana necesitará para cumplir esos objetivos y brindar apoyo a los Estados Miembros en las iniciativas dirigidas a mejorar los resultados en materia de salud, al tiempo que se favorece el logro de las metas relativas a la salud establecidas en los marcos regionales y mundiales vigentes. Asimismo, su ejecución contribuirá a avanzar hacia la consecución de los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible. Esta versión es la primera que se elabora durante la pandemia de COVID-19, y las consecuencias y enseñanzas de la prolongada situación de emergencia se ven reflejadas en gran parte de los aspectos tratados. Además, el marco de resultados del proyecto de Presupuesto por Programas 2022-2023 responde a los principales mandatos estratégicos correspondientes al período, incluidos el 13.o Programa General de Trabajo de la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS), el Presupuesto por Programas de la OMS 2022-2023, la Agenda de Salud Sostenible para las Américas 2018-2030 y el Plan Estratégico de la OPS 2020-2025.

Procurement and Supply Management Department, Biennial Report 2020-2021

The Biennial Report of Procurement and Supply Management 2020–2021 highlights the strength and relevance of the procurement function on supporting governments in the Americas to protect and enhance people’s health, by improving access to quality essential health products across the Region, responding to emergencies, and improving and equipping primary health care facilities. This biennium has been of great relevance for the procurement function, because of the challenges that COVID-19 posed, in terms of seeking access to key supplies that protect, detect, treat, and prevent this virus in millions of people in our region, while we keep supporting our countries on accessing all other health technologies for the routine health programs. The procurement team at headquarters and in our countries not only showed an enormous commitment to our organization and our countries, but also turned challenges into opportunities by adopting modern technologies, increasing our market intelligence, and implementing innovative procurement tools, while strengthening our collaboration with our countries, technical teams, and suppliers.

Colaboración entre servicio farmacéutico hospitalario y farmacia comunitaria dentro del proyecto ‘Telémaco’. A propósito de un caso / Collaboration between hospital pharmaceutical service and community pharmacy within the ‘Telémaco’ project. A case report

Varón, viudo, fumador de 20 cigarrillos/día, 75 años, que vive solo, acude a la farmacia para recoger medicación. Observamos un exceso de cajas de metformina en receta electrónica, ya que siempre dice “que tiene todavía en casa”. Es un paciente seleccionado por su hospital de referencia para ser incluido en el proyecto “Telémaco”, ya que utiliza medicación de dispensación hospitalaria. Prestamos atención farmacéutica con un enfoque multidisciplinar y multidimensional, según la metodología Capacidad-Motivación-Oportunidad, lo que nos permite trabajar en colaboración con el servicio de farmacia hospitalaria por unos objetivos comunes, tras la estratificación del paciente. El resultado final es el control de sus problemas de salud, trabajando de manera conjunta para conseguir el mismo objetivo, facilitando el soporte asistencial y aquellos recursos sociales que mejor se adaptan a las necesidades del paciente, para alcanzar el óptimo estado de bienestar y calidad de vida del paciente.Este modelo de atención farmacéutica supone un cambio en la forma de trabajar y registrar las intervenciones farmacéuticas, tal y cómo la conocíamos hasta ahora a nivel de las farmacias comunitarias y de los hospitales. Se presta una atención farmacéutica dual, ya que surge de la combinación de la atención presencial con la atención digital, gracias al soporte de las nuevas tecnologías para estar más cerca de los profesionales, acompañando a los pacientes, aumentando sus conocimientos y optimizando el tiempo de respuesta, en coordinación con su equipo asistencial.Supone una optimización de los recursos, dedicando más tiempo y esfuerzo a aquellos pacientes que más lo necesitan.Se trabaja por objetivos a partir de la entrevista con el paciente, generando intervenciones orientadas a las características específicas de cada paciente.Es un modelo de atención farmacéutica continuada... (AU)

Informe del Taller Regional de Lecciones Aprendidas sobre la Preparación y la Respuesta durante la Pandemia de COVID-19 en la Región de las Américas. Buenos Aires, del 16 al 19 de agosto del 2022

La amenaza latente de pandemias futuras causadas por virus respiratorios con potencial epidémico y pandémico es uno de los problemas que enfrenta la salud pública. No basta con identificar las lecciones aprendidas, sino que es indispensable reflexionar sobre cómo aprender de epidemias y pandemias anteriores; cómo fomentar la resiliencia de los sistemas y los servicios de salud; cómo sostener las capacidades, los logros y los desarrollos alcanzados; y, por supuesto, cómo aprovechar estas experiencias para asegurar la mejora en la capacidad de prevención, preparación, respuesta y control en eventos futuros. Este informe recopila el intercambio de experiencias que sirven de referencia para fortalecer los sistemas nacionales de salud de la Región de las Américas y puede orientar las actividades de cooperación técnica en pandemias futuras. La reunión presencial se celebró en la Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires (Argentina) entre el 16 y el 19 de agosto del 2022, donde se contó con la asistencia de aproximadamente 120 personas.