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1.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A ; 119(13): e2121822119, 2022 03 29.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35320043

RESUMEN

SignificanceWhether sympatric speciation (SS) is rare or common is still debated. Two populations of the spiny mouse, Acomys cahirinus, from Evolution Canyon I (EC I) in Israel have been depicted earlier as speciating sympatrically by molecular markers and transcriptome. Here, we investigated SS both genomically and methylomically, demonstrating that the opposite populations of spiny mice are sister taxa and split from the common ancestor around 20,000 years ago without an allopatric history. Mate choice, olfactory receptors, and speciation genes contributed to prezygotic/postzygotic reproductive isolation. The two populations showed different methylation patterns, facilitating adaptation to their local environment. They cope with abiotic and biotic stresses, due to high solar interslope radiation differences. We conclude that our new genomic and methylomic data substantiated SS.


Asunto(s)
Aislamiento Reproductivo , Simpatría , Animales , Especiación Genética , Genoma , Israel , Murinae/genética , Simpatría/genética
2.
Oncol Nurs Forum ; 46(5): 561-571, 2019 09 01.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31424452

RESUMEN

PURPOSE: To identify how oncology nurses address mental health distress and suicidality in patients, what strategies they employ in treating this distress, and the barriers they face in addressing distress and suicidality in patients with cancer. PARTICIPANTS & SETTING: 20 oncology nurses at two cancer centers in Israel were interviewed. METHODOLOGIC APPROACH: The grounded theory method of data collection and analysis was employed. FINDINGS: Strategies used in addressing patients' mental health distress were being emotionally available, providing practical support, treating physical symptoms, and referring to counseling. Strategies in addressing suicidality were assessing the situation, offering end-of-life or palliative care, treating physical symptoms, and referring for assessment. Barriers to addressing distress were lack of training, stigma, workload or lack of time, and limited availability and accessibility of mental health resources. Barriers in addressing suicidality were lack of knowledge and training, patient reluctance to receive care, and lack of protocol. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING: Developing guidelines for addressing and responding to mental health distress and suicidality is essential to improving patients' quality of life and reducing disease-related morbidity and mortality. Reducing mental healthcare stigma for patients is critical.


Asunto(s)
Neoplasias/enfermería , Relaciones Enfermero-Paciente , Enfermería Oncológica , Estrés Psicológico/enfermería , Ideación Suicida , Adulto , Barreras de Comunicación , Emociones , Femenino , Humanos , Entrevistas como Asunto , Israel , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Neoplasias/psicología , Diagnóstico de Enfermería , Manejo del Dolor , Cuidados Paliativos , Derivación y Consulta , Estrés Psicológico/diagnóstico , Estrés Psicológico/etiología , Cuidado Terminal , Prevención del Suicidio
3.
Isr J Health Policy Res ; 8(1): 58, 2019 07 02.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31266531

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Organizational language practice and policy are not neutral elements but reflect social and political power relations. The micro-level of working groups is subject to the influence of political conflicts and power relations at the macro-level. In conflict zones in particular, these involve complex considerations. Consequently, the present research sought to examine tensions arising from the language spoken among mixed Jewish-Arab teams in Israeli public hospitals. METHODS: In-depth interviews were conducted during 2016-2017, with 50 Jewish and Arab healthcare practitioners - 10 managers, 20 physicians, and 20 nurses - employed in 11 public hospitals in Israel. RESULTS: Our interviews with healthcare practitioners revealed that speaking Arabic in the presence of the patient (not with the patient) may evoke negative feelings and resentment among both Jewish patients and colleagues. Moreover, conflicting attitudes may come into play when Arab practitioners speak Arabic among themselves. Two contexts of language use in Israeli public hospitals can be noticed: the language used in the presence of the patient; and the language used among the practitioners when no patient is present. The former involves the principles of cultural and linguistic competency, and is therefore governed by clear guidelines and procedures. The latter echoes the tensions between the two ethno-national groups in Israel, Jews and Arabs, and is not regulated by a clear policy formulated by the Ministry of Health or by the hospitals' managements. CONCLUSIONS: Our analysis of language practice and policy as a multi-leveled phenomenon, where the micro-level of everyday interactions is influenced by the macro-level of political life, indicates a need for meso-level policy, led by the Ministry of Health. A policy of linguistic competency should be publicized and enforced to ensure that in the presence of the patient, practitioners speak a language s/he understands. This policy should also stipulate that among mixed teams of healthcare professionals every language is permissible, while the language spoken in a particular context should be understood by everyone present.


Asunto(s)
Barreras de Comunicación , Personal de Salud/psicología , Política de Salud/tendencias , Comunicación Interdisciplinaria , Adulto , Asistencia Sanitaria Culturalmente Competente/normas , Asistencia Sanitaria Culturalmente Competente/tendencias , Femenino , Personal de Salud/estadística & datos numéricos , Humanos , Entrevistas como Asunto/métodos , Israel , Masculino , Investigación Cualitativa
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