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1.
J Pak Med Assoc ; 74(2): 305-309, 2024 Feb.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38419231

RESUMEN

Objective: To observe compliance with smoke-free law at different public places in an urban setting. METHODS: The cross-sectional study was conducted from January to June 2022 after approval from the ethics review board of Jinnah Sindh Medical University, Karachi, at public places, including public and private offices, health institutions, education institutions, malls, markets and eateries, in 5 districts of Karachi. Boundary, entrance, waiting areas/corridors, toilet areas and eating areas were assessed using a checklist for smoke-free law compliance. Places were considered compliant if no smoking activity, cigarette butt litter or ashtrays was found. Data was analysed using SPSS 21. RESULTS: Out of 400 places observed, there were 80(20%) in each of the 5 districts. Overall, 36(44%) of the venues showed indoor compliance and 10(12%) showed outdoor compliance. Presence of cigarette butts was observed at 350(87.5%) outdoor places around the boundary of the premises. Only 38(9.5%) of the places had no smoking boards outdoors and at the entrance, with 16(4%) being clearly visible. Also, 27(43%) of educational institutions had a cigarette shop within 50 metres of the boundary. Conclusion: The city was found to have poor implementation of smoke-free laws, especially for outdoor areas, exposing the public to constant second-hand smoke.


Asunto(s)
Política para Fumadores , Contaminación por Humo de Tabaco , Humanos , Pakistán , Estudios Transversales , Contaminación por Humo de Tabaco/análisis , Fumar/epidemiología , Lista de Verificación
2.
Epidemiol Health ; 46: e2024009, 2024.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38186248

RESUMEN

OBJECTIVES: Smoke-free areas have expanded and related campaigns have been implemented since 1995 in Korea. As a result, household secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure has decreased over the past 15 years. We assessed the cohort effect, the effect of a 2008 campaign on household SHS exposure, and the impact of a complete smoking ban in public places along with increased penalties, as implemented in December 2011. METHODS: Nationally representative cross-sectional 15-wave survey data of Korean adolescents were used. The 810,516 participants were classified into 6 grade groups, 15 period groups, and 20 middle school admission cohorts. An age-period-cohort analysis, conducted with the intrinsic estimator method, was used to assess the cohort effect of household SHS exposure, and interrupted-time series analyses were conducted to evaluate the effects of the smoke-free policy and the campaign. RESULTS: For cohorts who entered middle school from 2002 to 2008, the risk of household SHS exposure decreased among both boys and girls. Immediately after implementation of the smoke-free policy, the prevalence of household SHS exposure by period decreased significantly for boys (coefficient, -8.96; p<0.05) and non-significantly for girls (coefficient, -6.99; p=0.07). After the campaign, there was a significant decrease in household SHS exposure by cohort among boys, both immediately and post-intervention (coefficient, -4.84; p=0.03; coefficient, -1.22; p=0.02, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: A school-admission-cohort effect was found on household SHS exposure among adolescents, which was associated with the smoke-free policy and the campaign. Anti-smoking interventions should be implemented consistently and simultaneously.


Asunto(s)
Política para Fumadores , Contaminación por Humo de Tabaco , Masculino , Femenino , Humanos , Adolescente , Contaminación por Humo de Tabaco/prevención & control , Estudios Transversales , Análisis de Series de Tiempo Interrumpido , República de Corea/epidemiología , Exposición a Riesgos Ambientales/prevención & control
3.
Копенгаген; Всемирная организация здравоохранения. Европейское региональное бюро; 2024.
en Ruso | WHO IRIS | ID: who-376030

RESUMEN

Несмотря на наличие надежных механизмов и протоколов по реализации повестки дня в области окружающей среды и охраны здоровья в странах Европы и общего осознания вероятности возникновения инфекционной пандемии, возникновение и распространение коронавирусной инфекции (COVID-19) стало огромным потрясением. По мере распространения смертельного вируса и принятия обществом беспрецедентных мер по борьбе с ним, мало кто из специалистов мог предвидеть весь спектр проблем, вызванных коронавирусной инфекцией, в области окружающей среды, охраны здоровья и обеспечения социальной справедливости. Непрерывно растет число как научных публикаций, так и еще не опубликованных данных, посвященных анализу и осмыслению произошедших событий, извлеченных уроков и последствий для обеспечения готовности к подобным событиям в будущем. Заявление ВОЗ от 5 мая 2023 г. о том, что COVID-19 больше не является чрезвычайной ситуацией в области общественного здравоохранения, имеющей международное значение, и отрезвляющий факт гибели от этого заболевания почти 2 250 000 жителей Европейского региона ВОЗ должны стать поводом для глубокого осмысления происшедшего и для последовательных действий. Данная аналитическая записка призвана помочь осмыслению происшедшего и реализации соответствующих действий: в ней представлен анализ последствий пандемии для многих видов деятельности в области окружающей среды и охраны здоровья, а также обобщены данные, подтверждающие, что корни пандемии лежат в пренебрежении к событиям, происходящим на стыке охраны здоровья людей, животных и окружающей среды.


Asunto(s)
COVID-19 , Política de Salud , Salud Pública , Salud Ambiental
4.
Health Hum Rights ; 25(2): 111-123, 2023 Dec.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38145142

RESUMEN

"Building back better" post-pandemic, as advocated by the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, could advance the realization of health as a human right. However, the COVID-19 pandemic is more likely to represent a tipping point into a new and even more unequal normal, nationally and internationally, that represents a hostile environment for building back better. This paper begins with a brief explanation of the tipping point concept. It goes on to describe the mechanisms by which the pandemic and many responses to it have increased inequality, and then identifies three political dynamics that are inimical to realizing health as a human right even in formal democracies, two of them material (related to the unequal distribution of resources within societies and in the global economy) and one ideational (the continued hegemony of neoliberal ideas about the proper limits of public policy). Observations about the unequal future and what it means for health conclude the paper.


Asunto(s)
COVID-19 , Derecho a la Salud , Humanos , COVID-19/epidemiología , Pandemias , Derechos Humanos , Política Pública
5.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int ; 30(53): 114222-114238, 2023 Nov.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37858015

RESUMEN

Environmental tax policy plays an important role in promoting economic efficiency, but it is unclear whether the taxation is well-designed and effective. The differentiated environmental tax and fee policy in China has come a long way in the past 20 years, along with the aim of high-quality economic development that focuses on the harmony of environment and productivity, so it is necessary to evaluate the effectiveness of the differentiated environmental tax and fee policy. This paper constructs a pollution and environmental tax model based on the new economic geography framework to simulate the effect of environmental tax and technological innovation in the eastern and western region on pollution, output, and productivity. Using China's provincial panel data from 2005 to 2020 with difference-in-difference method, empirical evidence shows that differentiated environmental tax and fee adjustments generally boost industrial high-quality development by the industrial sulfur dioxide emission deduction and green total factor productivity improvement. When the adjustment is more differentiated between treatment and control, the effect is greater and more significant. Additionally, high environmental tax standard in high SO2 emission provinces significantly contributes to high-quality development. Progressive adjustments in 2007, 2014, and 2018 lead to heterogeneous policy effect. Technological innovation plays a mediating effect between differentiated environmental tax and high-quality economic development. The results above provide theoretical analysis and empirical study of China's differentiated environmental taxes and high-quality economic development for policy making.


Asunto(s)
Desarrollo Económico , Contaminación Ambiental , Industrias , Política Ambiental , Impuestos , China
6.
Rev. ADM ; 80(5): 242-246, sept.-oct. 2023. ilus, tab
Artículo en Español | LILACS | ID: biblio-1530634

RESUMEN

Introducción: la periodontitis es una enfermedad infecciosa multifactorial asociada a un biofilm de microorganismos patógenos. Objetivo: el objetivo del trabajo fue establecer la prevalencia de Porphyromonas gingivalis en pacientes con periodontitis y relacionarla con la severidad de la enfermedad. Material y métodos: participaron 45 pacientes, sistémicamente saludables, con edades entre 35 y 65 años. El grado de periodontitis se definió según los criterios de Papapanou y colaboradores. Como grupo control, se incluyeron 20 sujetos de ambos sexos sin periodontitis y sin enfermedades sistémicas. Se tomaron muestras de fluido gingival en dos sitios más profundos. Porphyromonas gingivalis se detectó por PCR (reacción en cadena de la polimerasa). Resultados: la frecuencia relativa de periodontitis fue de 13.3% grado I, 46.7% grado II y 40% grado III. El sexo masculino presentó periodontitis grado III 72.2% y grado II 52.3%. El grado I se registró con mayor frecuencia en el sexo femenino, 66.7%. La prevalencia de Porphyromonas gingivalis en la población con periodontitis fue de 44.4%. Se obtuvieron diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre los grados de severidad de periodontitis y la presencia de Porphyromonas gingivalis (p = 0.0002, α = 5%). Conclusión: la periodontitis predominó en el sexo masculino. La prevalencia de Porphyromonas gingivalis en la población con periodontitis crónica fue de 44.4% y su presencia está relacionada con la severidad (AU)


Introduction: periodontitis is a multifactorial infectious disease associated with a biofilm of pathogenic microorganisms. Objective: the objective of the work was to establish the prevalence of Porphyromonas gingivalis in patients with periodontitis and relate it to the severity of the disease. Material and methods: 45 systemically healthy patients, aged between 35 and 65 years old, participated. The degree of periodontitis was defined according to the criteria of Papapanou et al. As a control group, 20 patients of both sexes without periodontitis and without systemic diseases were included. Gingival fluid samples were taken from two deeper sites. Porphyromonas gingivalis was detected by PCR (polymerase chain reaction). Results: the relative frequency of periodontitis was 13.3% grade I, 46.7% grade II and 40% grade III. The male sex presented periodontitis grade III 72.2% and grade II 52.3%. Grade I was recorded more frequently in the female sex, 66.7%. The prevalence of Porphyromonas gingivalis in the population with periodontitis was 44.4%. Statistically significant differences were obtained between the degrees of severity of periodontitis and the presence of Porphyromonas gingivalis (p = 0.0002, α = 5%). Conclusion: periodontitis predominated in males. The prevalence of Porphyromonas gingivalis in the population with chronic periodontitis was 44.4% and its presence is related to severity (AU)


Asunto(s)
Odontología/tendencias , Crecimiento Sostenible , Salud Ambiental , Salud Global , Odontología Preventiva/tendencias , Política de Salud
7.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int ; 30(33): 80758-80767, 2023 Jul.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37306876

RESUMEN

Financial inclusion enhances economic growth by facilitating businesses and individuals to access financial resources. Financial inclusion also contributes to environmental sustainability; however, very few studies have explored the link between financial inclusion and the environment. Also, the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on environmental performance remains unexplored. From this perspective, this study probes the objective of whether financial inclusion and environmental performance co-move in COVID-19 in highly polluted economies. This objective is tested with the help of 2SLS and GMM approaches. The study also gets assistance from a panel quantile regression approach for empirical tasks. The results show that financial inclusion and the COVID-19 pandemic have a negative impact on CO2 emissions. Based on these findings, the study suggests that highly polluted economies should promote financial inclusion and assimilate environmental policies with financial inclusion policies to attain environment-related goals.


Asunto(s)
COVID-19 , Ambiente , Humanos , Pandemias , Dióxido de Carbono , Política Ambiental , Desarrollo Económico
8.
Sci Rep ; 13(1): 7655, 2023 05 11.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37169796

RESUMEN

This study investigates the effects of a third-party certification policy for restaurants (including bars) that comply with indoor infection-prevention measures on COVID-19 cases and economic activities. We focus on the case of Yamanashi Prefecture in Japan, which introduced a third-party certification policy that accredits facilities, predominantly restaurants, that comply with the designated guidelines. We employ a difference-in-differences design for each of our epidemiological and economic analyses. The estimation results show that, from July 2020 to April 2021, the certification policy reduced the total number of new infection cases by approximately 45.3% (848 cases), while increasing total sales and the number of customers per restaurant by approximately 12.8% (3.21 million Japanese yen or $30,000) and 30.3% (2909 customers), respectively, compared to the non-intervention scenarios. The results suggest that a third-party certification policy can be an effective policy to mitigate the trade-off between economic activities and infection prevention during a pandemic, especially when effective vaccines are not widely available.


Asunto(s)
COVID-19 , Política para Fumadores , Contaminación por Humo de Tabaco , Humanos , Contaminación por Humo de Tabaco/prevención & control , Restaurantes , COVID-19/epidemiología , COVID-19/prevención & control , Comercio
9.
Vertex ; 34(159, ene.-mar.): 6-17, 2023 04 10.
Artículo en Español | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37039355

RESUMEN

Introduction: Pandemics throughout human history have caused global crises. Given their multifactorial impact, they generate changes in the functioning of the health pole, in the adaptation of the health system, the economy of nations, in political decision-making, and lifestyles. At the individual level, changes in behavior, emotions, thoughts, and quality of life in its many aspects (physical, psychological, social, and environmental) are glimpsed. Materials and method: With a quantitative approach of cross-sectional ex post facto design, and exploratory scope, the psychosocial and sociodemographic aspects related to adherence to health policies and the search for support were investigated in the adult population of the city of Córdoba (20 to 60 years). 704 people were surveyed, to whom the perceived stress questionnaire (pss-10), a sociodemographic questionnaire, and a questionnaire carried out with an ad hoc modality were applied. Results and Conclusions: Age, sex, schooling, health history, psychiatric/psychological history, and having relatives/partners belonging to a risk group; they presented an association with respect to adherence to health policy regulations; fear of getting infected; help/support seeking; and perceived stress. This research aims to be a starting point to promote local studies that investigate adherence to health policy regulations necessary to cope with the spread of a disease worldwide with the fewest possible adverse reactions.


Introducción: A lo largo de la historia de la humanidad las pandemias han sido causantes de crisis globales. Dado su impacto multifactorial, generan modificaciones en el funcionamiento del polo sanitario, en la adaptación del sistema de salud, la economía de las naciones, en la toma de decisiones políticas, y estilos de vida. A nivel individual se vislumbran modificaciones en el comportamiento, emociones, pensamientos, y la calidad de vida en sus múltiples vertientes (física, psicológica, social, y ambiental). Materiales y método: Con un enfoque cuantitativo de diseño ex post facto transversal, y alcance exploratorio se indagaron los aspectos psicosociales y sociodemográficos relacionados a la adhesión de las políticas sanitarias y la búsqueda de apoyo en población adulta de la ciudad de Córdoba (20 a 60 años). Se encuestó a 704 personas a las cuales se les aplicó el cuestionario de estrés percibido (pss- 10), un cuestionario sociodemográfico, y un cuestionario realizado con  modalidad ad hoc. Resultados y conclusiones: La edad, el sexo, escolaridad, antecedentes de salud, antecedentes psiquiátrico/psicológicos y tener familiares/pareja perteneciente a grupo de riesgo; presentaron asociación respecto a la adherencia a la normativa político sanitaria; miedo a contagiarse; búsqueda de ayuda/apoyo; y estrés percibido. La presente investigación pretende ser un puntapié inicial para promover estudios locales que indaguen la adherencia a las normativas políticas sanitarias necesarias para sobrellevar la propagación de una enfermedad a nivel mundial con las menores reacciones adversas posibles.


Asunto(s)
Pandemias , Calidad de Vida , Humanos , Adulto , Argentina , Estudios Transversales , Política de Salud
10.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int ; 30(24): 66209-66227, 2023 May.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37097557

RESUMEN

Air pollution caused by SARS-CoV-2 and other viruses in human settlements will have a great impact on human health, but also a great risk of transmission. The transmission power of the virus can be represented by quanta number in the Wells-Riley model. In order to solve the problem of different dynamic transmission scenarios, only a single influencing factor is considered when predicting the infection rate, which leads to large differences in quanta calculated in the same space. In this paper, an analog model is established to define the indoor air cleaning index RL and the space ratio parameter. Based on infection data analysis and rule summary in animal experiments, factors affecting quanta in interpersonal communication were explored. Finally, by analogy, the factors affecting person-to-person transmission mainly include viral load of infected person, distance between individuals, etc., the more severe the symptoms, the closer the number of days of illness to the peak, and the closer the distance to the quanta. In summary, there are many factors that affect the infection rate of susceptible people in the human settlement environment. This study provides reference indicators for environmental governance under the COVID-19 epidemic, provides reference opinions for healthy interpersonal communication and human behavior, and provides some reference for accurately judging the trend of epidemic spread and responding to the epidemic.


Asunto(s)
Experimentación Animal , COVID-19 , Humanos , Animales , SARS-CoV-2 , Conservación de los Recursos Naturales , Política Ambiental
11.
PLoS One ; 18(4): e0277705, 2023.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37079503

RESUMEN

Contributing to a much-needed 'outward turn' in interpreting studies, this intervention examines the role of interpreting and interpreters in (re)articulating the welcome 'voice' of a developing nation in the global South. Against the backdrop of reform and opening-up (ROU), China, the world's largest developing country, is increasingly open and keen to engage globally. Such elements as openness, integration, and international engagement represent vital components of the overarching ROU metadiscourse that justifies China's sociopolitical system and multifarious policies and decisions. As part of a series of digital humanities (DH) informed empirical studies exploring the part played by interpreting in rendering China's ROU metadiscourse, this study zooms in on the government interpreters' mediation of Beijing's international engagement and global involvement discourses. Unlike CDA which often foregrounds the negative themes (e.g. injustice, oppression, dominance, and hegemony), an innovative corpus-based positive discourse analysis (PDA) is introduced and applied, drawing on 20 years of China's press conferences. This article points to the interpreters' visibility and agency in facilitating and strengthening China's discourse through (over)producing core lexical items and salient collocational patterns. Following the trends of interdisciplinarity and digital humanities, this corpus-based PDA study illustrates ultimately how a major non-Western developing country from the global South communicates its discourse bilingually in front of the international community. The potential impact and implications of the interpreter-in(tro)duced discursive changes are discussed vis-à-vis the ever shifting and delicate East-West power balance from the perspective of (geo)politics.


Asunto(s)
Cambio Climático , Países en Desarrollo , Política , Justicia Social , Humanos , China , Internacionalidad , Sobrevida , Justicia Ambiental
12.
Washington D.C; Organización Panamericana de la Salud; 1 ed; Abr. 2023. 16 p. ilus.
Monografía en Español | MINSAPERÚ, LIPECS | ID: biblio-1434062

RESUMEN

Uno de los ocho principios rectores de la transformación digital del sector de la salud promovidos por la Organización Panamericana de la Salud es el de la interoperabilidad. Esta sinopsis de políticas presenta conceptos clave, líneas de acción recomendadas e indicadores para su monitoreo con el objetivo de avanzar en la interoperabilidad como uno de los ocho principios rectores para la transformación digital del sector salud promovidos por la Organización Panamericana de la Salud (OPS). De acuerdo con la definición de la OPS, este principio se propone implementar sistemas de información y salud digital interoperables, abiertos y sostenibles. Los sistemas de información para la salud ­acceso oportuno y abierto a datos correctamente desagregados, integración de los sistemas nacionales y locales, salud digital y TIC­ facilitan la identificación eficaz, la notificación y el análisis de casos y contactos, la búsqueda y detección tempranas de los casos y la definición y el seguimiento de la población de riesgo, de manera segura, interoperable y lo más personalizada posible


Asunto(s)
Sistemas de Información , Telemedicina , Impactos de la Polución en la Salud , Poblaciones Vulnerables , Política Nacional de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación , Pandemias , Interoperabilidad de la Información en Salud , COVID-19
13.
Pediatr Infect Dis J ; 42(6): e212-e216, 2023 06 01.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36916867

RESUMEN

Leprosy, caused by Mycobacterium leprae , is one of the so-called "neglected tropical diseases" and is found today mainly in Africa, Asia and South America. Although oral antibiotics capable of curing leprosy are now available, the disease is still misunderstood and feared by the public because of the unsightly deformities that it may cause. In Japan, leprosy has been present since the 8th century and was regarded as a hereditary disease; people avoided marrying into a family with a member affected by leprosy. At the beginning of the 20th century, the Japanese government instituted a policy of lifetime quarantine of individuals with leprosy to eradicate the disease, thereby purposely disseminating negative and inaccurate perceptions of the disease as deadly and highly contagious and fostering a long-lasting prejudice among the general public towards those affected. Even after effective treatments became available, the government continued quarantining patients until 1996. The government has since then apologized to the patients for violating their constitutionally guaranteed human rights. Children with leprosy and children born to parents with leprosy were also victims of the policy and prejudice created. We describe herein the history of leprosy-related policies in Japan to emphasize the importance of balancing public health policy with human rights.


Asunto(s)
Lepra , Niño , Humanos , Historia del Siglo XX , Japón , Lepra/tratamiento farmacológico , Lepra/prevención & control , Derechos Humanos , Cuarentena , Política de Salud/historia
15.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int ; 30(18): 51607-51623, 2023 Apr.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36810818

RESUMEN

Solving the contradiction between agricultural economic growth and agricultural environmental problems is a difficult problem in regional environmental governance. Based on the panel data of 31 provinces, municipalities, and autonomous regions in China from 2000 to 2019, spatial Dubin model (SDM) is used to analyze the influence of agricultural economic growth and other factors on planting non-point source pollution. Innovate from the perspective of research objects and research methods, and the research results show (1) In the past 20 years, the amount of fertilizer applied and crop straw yield increased continuously. Through the fertilizer and farmland solid waste discharge of ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N), total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP), and chemical oxygen demand (COD), calculation of the equal-standard discharges of planting non-point source pollution shows that China's planting non-point source pollution is serious. Among the investigated areas in 2019, the equal-standard discharges of planting non-point source pollution in Heilongjiang Province were the highest and have reached 24.35 × 1010 m3. (2) The global Moran index of 20 years in the study area shows obvious spatial aggregation and diffusion characteristics, and has a significant positive global spatial autocorrelation, indicating that planting non-point source pollution discharges of the study area have potential interdependence in space. (3) SDM time-fixed effect model showed that the equal-standard discharges of planting non-point source pollution had a significant negative spatial spillover effect, and the spatial lag coefficient was - 0.11. Among the influencing factors, agricultural economic growth, technological progress, financial support to agriculture level, consumption capacity, industrial structure, and risk perception have significant spatial spillover effects on planting non-point source pollution. The results of effect decomposition show that the positive spatial spillover effect of agricultural economic growth on adjacent areas is greater than the negative effect on the local area. Based on the analysis of significant influencing factors, the paper provides direction guidance for the formulation of planting non-point source pollution control policy.


Asunto(s)
Contaminación Difusa , Contaminación Difusa/análisis , Fertilizantes , Conservación de los Recursos Naturales , Política Ambiental , Agricultura , Desarrollo Económico , China , Nitrógeno/análisis
16.
Int J Occup Med Environ Health ; 36(1): 84-95, 2023 Mar 02.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36661866

RESUMEN

OBJECTIVES: Secondhand smoke exposure causes serious health problems. Banning smoking in public venues decreases exposure to secondhand smoke. However, the implementation of smoke-free rules in a private setting (including homes) is largely voluntary. This study aimed to assess the prevalence and characteristics of voluntary smoke-free home rules in Poland during the COVID-19 pandemic as well as to identify factors associated with the voluntary implementation of smoking bans at home. MATERIAL AND METHODS: This cross-sectional survey was conducted in March 2022 with a nationally representative sample of 1090 individuals aged ≥18 years in Poland. Data were collected using a computerassisted web interviewing (CAWI) technique. The research tool was an original questionnaire developed for the purpose of this study. RESULTS: Nationally, 60.6% of individuals had total ban on smoking in home (100% smoke-free home rules), 34.0% had implemented a partial smokefree home rule and 5.4% had not implemented any smoke-free home rules. Over three-quarters of non-smokers (76.8%) and only one-fifth of smokers (20.7%) had adopted a full smoke-free home rule. In multivariate logistic regression analysis, males (OR = 1.65, 95% CI: 1.22-2.22, p < 0.01), non-smokers (OR = 13.78, 95% CI: 9.80-19.38, p < 0.001), respondents who had higher education (OR = 1.57, 95% CI: 1.15-2.14, p < 0.01) as well as those who lived alone (OR = 2.44, 95% CI: 1.52-3.90, p < 0.001) had higher odds of having a 100% smoke-free home rule. CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrated the negative impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the implementation of smoke-free home rules in Poland. Less than two-thirds of the Polish population has adopted a total smoke-free home rule, with significant gaps between smokers and nonsmokers. Information on current voluntary smoke-free rules will be useful for further implementation of the smoke-free law in Poland. Int J Occup Med Environ Health. 2023;36(1):84-95.


Asunto(s)
COVID-19 , Política para Fumadores , Contaminación por Humo de Tabaco , Masculino , Humanos , Adolescente , Adulto , Estudios Transversales , Polonia/epidemiología , Pandemias , COVID-19/epidemiología
17.
Environ Res ; 222: 115365, 2023 04 01.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36706906

RESUMEN

Environmental governance by photothermal materials especially for the separation of organic pollutants and regeneration of freshwater afford growing attention owing to their special solar-to-heat properties. Here, we construct a special functional nanosphere composed of an internal silica core coated by a thin carbon layer encapsulated plasmonic bimetallic FeCo2O4 spinel (SiO2@CoFe/C) by a facile self-assembled approach and tuned calcination. Through combining the advantage of bimetallic Fe-Co and carbon layer, this obtained nanosphere affords improved multiple environmental governing functions including peroxymonosulfate (PMS) activation to degrade pollutants and photothermal interfacial solar water evaporation. Impressively, fined bimetal (FeCo) species (20 nm) acted as main catalytic substance were distributed on the N-doping carbon thin layer, which favors electron transfer and reactive accessibility of active metals. The increasing treatment temperature of catalysts caused the optimization of the surface active metal species and tuning catalytic properties in the AOPs. Besides, the incorporation of Co in the SiO2@CoFe/C-700 could enable the improved PMS activation efficiency compared to SiO2@Fe/C-700 and the mixed SiO2@Co/C-700 and SiO2@Fe/C-700, hinting a synergetic promotion effect. The bimetal coupled catalyst SiO2@CoFe/C-700 affords enhanced photothermal properties compared to SiO2@Co/C-700. Furthermore, photothermal catalytic PMS activation using optimal SiO2@CoFe/C-700 was further explored in addressing stubborn pollutants including oxytetracycline, sulfamethoxazole, 2, 4-dichlorophenol, and phenol. The free radical quenching control suggests that both the sulfate radical, hydroxyl radical, superoxide radical, and singlet oxygen species are involved in the degradation, while the hydroxyl radical and singlet oxygen play a dominant role. Furthermore, the implementation of a solar-driven interfacial water evaporation model using SiO2@CoFe/C-700 was further studied to obtain freshwater regeneration (1.26 kg m-2 h-1, 76.81% efficiency), indicating the comprehensive ability of the constructed nanocomposites for treating complicated environmental pollution including organics removal and freshwater regeneration.


Asunto(s)
Contaminantes Ambientales , Nanosferas , Carbono , Dióxido de Silicio , Oxígeno Singlete , Agua , Radical Hidroxilo , Conservación de los Recursos Naturales , Política Ambiental , Metales , Fenoles
18.
J Med Virol ; 95(2): e28514, 2023 02.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36661040

RESUMEN

This study aimed to explore the association between air pollutants and outpatient visits for influenza-like illnesses (ILI) under the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) stage in the subcenter of Beijing. The data on ILI in the subcenter of Beijing from January 1, 2018 to December 31, 2020 were obtained from the Beijing Influenza Surveillance Network. A generalized additive Poisson model was applied to examine the associations between the concentrations of air pollutants and daily outpatient visits for ILI when controlling meteorological factors and temporal trend. A total of 171 943 ILI patients were included. In the pre-coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) stage, an increased risk of ILI outpatient visits was associated to a high air quality index (AQI) and the high concentrations of particulate matter less than 2.5 (PM2.5 ), particulate matter 10 (PM10 ), sulphur dioxide (SO2 ), nitrogen dioxide (NO2 ), and carbon monoxide (CO), and a low concentration of ozone (O3 ) on lag0 day and lag1 day, while a higher increased risk of ILI outpatient visits was observed by the air pollutants in the COVID-19 stage on lag0 day. Except for PM10 , the concentrations of other air pollutants on lag1 day were not significantly associated with an increased risk of ILI outpatient visits during the COVID-19 stage. The findings that air pollutants had enhanced immediate effects and diminished lag-effects on the risk of ILI outpatient visits during the COVID-19 pandemic, which is important for the development of public health and environmental governance strategies.


Asunto(s)
Contaminantes Atmosféricos , COVID-19 , Gripe Humana , Humanos , Contaminantes Atmosféricos/análisis , Beijing , Gripe Humana/epidemiología , Pacientes Ambulatorios , Pandemias , Conservación de los Recursos Naturales , COVID-19/epidemiología , Política Ambiental , Material Particulado/análisis , China/epidemiología
19.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int ; 30(13): 36838-36850, 2023 Mar.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36550255

RESUMEN

Central banks and regulators increasingly consider climate-related financial risks (CRFR) relevant to their responsibilities for maintaining financial stability and using daily data from 2016 to 2021 for China. Specifically, we used the S&P Green Bond Price Index, the Solactive Global Solar Price Index, the Solactive Global Wind Price Index, and the S&P Global Clean Energy and Carbon Price Index as our data set. We use the TVP-VAR method to probe return spillovers and interconnectedness. We test several portfolio strategies, including the minimum variance portfolio, the minimum correlation portfolio, and the more recent minimum connectedness portfolio. However, the evolving policy structure for dealing with CRFR has generally focused on market-based solutions that attempt to address perceived data gaps that preclude the appropriate pricing of CRFR, even though CRFR is thought to have certain distinctive features. Disclosure and openness fall within this category. We propose limiting the approach's influence since CRFR is characterized by extreme attainability. A 'precautionary' financial policy option is presented as an alternative, providing a conceptual foundation for justifying more aggressive financial policy intervention in the present to better cope with these long-term dangers.


Asunto(s)
COVID-19 , Carbono , Política Ambiental , Humanos , China , Inversiones en Salud , Políticas , Secuestro de Carbono , Política Ambiental/economía , Impuestos
20.
Drug Test Anal ; 15(9): 962-970, 2023 Sep.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36562126

RESUMEN

Despite inititatives to reduce tobacco consumption, smoking remains a primary cause of death for both smokers and nonsmokers exposed to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS). The characteristics of some specific groups can make them more exposed to ETS or limit the benefit of prevention measures. This study investigated determinants of ETS in a population of young adult students, considered at higher risk of exposure due to their specific lifestyle. This cross-sectional study involved 90 students aged 20 ± 1.7 years, from the University of Luxembourg, prior to the smoking ban enforcement in public places in the country. Participants reported their tobacco consumption and exposure to ETS at home and/or in public places, and provided a hair sample analyzed for nicotine and cotinine. Nicotine and cotinine were significantly higher in smokers than in nonsmokers' hair in general (median: 2.6 vs. 0.9 ng/mg and 87.1 vs. 22.5 pg/mg respectively). However, nonsmokers exposed to ETS at home and in public places had comparable concentrations to smokers (nic = 2.2 ng/mg; cot = 56.2 pg/mg), whereas unexposed nonsmokers presented significantly lower values (nic = 0.4 ng/mg, cot = 8.5 pg/mg). Nonsmokers exposed to ETS only at home presented higher values than nonsmokers only exposed in public places (nic: 1.3 vs. 0.8 ng/mg, cot: 70.4 vs. 15.0 pg/mg). The study shows the widespread exposure to ETS in this population, the importance of exposure assessment, and the relevance of hair analysis for this purpose. Results suggest that ETS can lead to equivalent exposure to active smoking and that exposure at home can highly contribute to ETS, which is not solved by smoking ban in public places.


Asunto(s)
Política para Fumadores , Contaminación por Humo de Tabaco , Humanos , Adulto Joven , Contaminación por Humo de Tabaco/análisis , Nicotina/análisis , Cotinina/análisis , Análisis de Cabello , Estudios Transversales , Estudiantes , Exposición a Riesgos Ambientales/análisis
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