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1.
Gend Action ; 2(1): 5, 8, 1998.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-12321707

RESUMEN

PIP: This article describes urban women's role and access to sanitation and a safe water supply in Indonesia, and links potential improvements in women's health to improved access to urban infrastructure. In 1996, USAID discovered that morbidity was higher in female-headed households in urban areas. Female-headed households were only 6.5% of total households, but had 27% more illnesses than male-headed ones. USAID's study found that the health related problems of women were related to their poverty, illiteracy, lack of resources, and lack of access to the cleanest drinking water and wastewater disposal. Age was not a factor. Women had less access to clean drinking water, bathing, and toilet facilities. The USAID mission determined that its gender neutral approach to providing services was not reaching the neediest group. Women needed greater access to healthy urban environmental structures. The USAID shifted its erroneous assumption that female-headed households were headed by mostly old and widowed women and redesigned its infrastructure development to ensure that female-headed households received improved water and sanitation services. The USAID Mission also changed its practices by including women in planning and management of urban infrastructure services. The change was based on the belief that women decision-makers would improve how water, sanitation, and solid waste disposal services were provided. The Mission targeted 20% of its program funds for community participation of women. This effort will provide valuable insight into the role of women in urban service delivery.^ieng


Asunto(s)
Conservación de los Recursos Naturales , Agencias Gubernamentales , Planificación en Salud , Accesibilidad a los Servicios de Salud , Relaciones Interpersonales , Morbilidad , Saneamiento , Población Urbana , Abastecimiento de Agua , Asia , Asia Sudoriental , Demografía , Países en Desarrollo , Enfermedad , Ambiente , Salud , Indonesia , Organización y Administración , Organizaciones , Población , Características de la Población , Evaluación de Programas y Proyectos de Salud , Salud Pública
2.
Integration ; (41): 32-5, 1994 Sep.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-12288258

RESUMEN

PIP: Practically all of Egypt's 58.9 million population lives along the Nile and the Nile delta. The population of Egypt will double to 117.8 million by 2025 at the present rate of 2.3% annual increase. The most significant achievement of the Family Planning Program of Egypt is the dramatic increase in the contraceptive prevalence rate (CPR). According to the latest two Demographic and Health Surveys conducted in 1988 and 1992, the CPR climbed from 37% in 1988 to 47% in 1992 as a result of the national population program that the government of Egypt has been promoting. The United States Agency for International Development (USAID) has trained doctors in contraceptive services including IUD insertion and removal techniques, provided contraceptives free of charge, and also supported large-scale IEC activities. Demographic Health Survey data showed CPR close to 60% in the major cities like Cairo and Alexandria. In the Delta, in Lower Egypt, CPR is between 30 and 50%, while in Upper Egypt, it is still between 15 and 30%. This is why UNFPA is now trying to target the country program to Upper Egypt. The major donors are USAID, the United Nations Population Fund, Japan, the Netherlands, Germany, and the European Union. The Muslim position on family planning in Egypt is vocalized by the Sheik of Al-Azhar University, the oldest university in the world, established in 972. The Sheik has supported family planning and the use of contraceptives except sterilization. He allows abortion only when it is required for medical reasons. UNFPA started the first program in Egypt in 1971. Now in its 5th 5-year country program from 1992 to the end of 1996, the total expenditure is $20 million, of which $10 million is provided from UNFPA resources. The remaining $10 million is to come out of other resources.^ieng


Asunto(s)
Anticoncepción , Planificación en Salud , Cooperación Internacional , Islamismo , Dinámica Poblacional , Crecimiento Demográfico , Naciones Unidas , África , África del Norte , Conservación de los Recursos Naturales , Conducta Anticonceptiva , Demografía , Países en Desarrollo , Economía , Egipto , Servicios de Planificación Familiar , Administración Financiera , Agencias Internacionales , Medio Oriente , Organizaciones , Población , Religión
3.
Newswatch ; 14(4): 38-42, 1991 Jul 22.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-12179511

RESUMEN

PIP: Population growth in Nigeria is particularly problematic because population is expected to increase dramatically from 115 million to 280 million in 25 years. At present there are 206 million in the entire West African sub-region. The population density issues within Nigeria and the region are also reasons for concern. About 50% of Nigeria's population is presently under 20 years old, and the likelihood of this proportion continuing for some time is very high. Population growth will mean increased demand for housing, food, health services, education, electricity, and water. The UN has issued warnings that population pressures strain scarce resources, the environment, and people's adjustment. A national population policy was established in order to improve the standard of living of Nigerians and to promote health and welfare among the population. The policy aims to lower population growth through voluntary family planning and through reductions in infant, child, and maternal mortality. In 1989 the Nigerian government in conjunction with the US Agency for International Development (USAID) committed about $100 million in a 5-year program to strengthen family planning: $33 million from Nigeria and $67 million from USAID. The federal Ministry of Health would maintain family health services with integrated primary health care and with promotion of the balance between resources and number of children. Other international efforts have contributed to family planning programs. For example, the Planned Parenthood Federation of Nigeria focused on adult males and youth. Oral contraceptives and injectables have received criticism in Nigeria for having undesirable health consequences despite their popularity worldwide, the absence of significant side effects, and international and national support. Vasectomy is becoming more popular in Oyo state. Family planning has not been popular because of many misconceptions. Both Muslim and Catholic leaders have encouraged responsible parenthood, although Catholic leaders reject contraception.^ieng


Asunto(s)
Catolicismo , Planificación en Salud , Islamismo , Dinámica Poblacional , Crecimiento Demográfico , Política Pública , África , África del Sur del Sahara , África Occidental , Cristianismo , Conservación de los Recursos Naturales , Demografía , Países en Desarrollo , Ambiente , Servicios de Planificación Familiar , Nigeria , Población , Religión
4.
Front Lines ; 27(8): 8-9, 11, 1987 Sep.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-12341727

RESUMEN

PIP: The USAID's mission in Nepal is to assist development until the people can sustain their own needs: although the US contributes only 5% of donor aid, USAID coordinates donor efforts. The mission's theme is to emphasize agricultural productivity, conserve natural resources, promote the private sector and expand access to health, education and family planning. Nepal, a mountainous country between India and Tibet, has 16 million people growing at 2.5% annually, and a life expectancy of only 51 years. Only 20% of the land is arable, the Kathmandu valley and the Terai strip bordering India. Some of the objectives include getting new seed varieties into cultivation, using manure and compost, and building access roads into the rural areas. Rice and wheat yields have tripled in the '80s relative to the yields achieved in 1970. Other ongoing projects include reforestation, irrigation and watershed management. Integrated health and family planning clinics have been established so that more than 50% of the population is no more than a half day's walk from a health post. The Nepal Fertility Study of 1976 found that only 2.3% of married women were using modern contraceptives. Now the Contraceptive Retail Sales Private Company Ltd., a social marketing company started with USAID help, reports that the contraceptive use rate is now 15%. Some of the other health targets are control of malaria, smallpox, tuberculosis, leprosy, acute respiratory infections, and malnutrition. A related goal is raising the literacy rate for women from the current 12% level. General education goals are primary education teacher training and adult literacy. A few descriptive details about living on the Nepal mission are appended.^ieng


Asunto(s)
Agricultura , Control de Enfermedades Transmisibles , Conservación de los Recursos Naturales , Anticoncepción , Atención a la Salud , Países en Desarrollo , Economía , Educación , Eficiencia , Servicios de Planificación Familiar , Administración Financiera , Agencias Gubernamentales , Planificación en Salud , Servicios de Salud , Servicios de Información , Agencias Internacionales , Cooperación Internacional , Comercialización de los Servicios de Salud , Centros de Salud Materno-Infantil , Medicina , Organizaciones , Política , Crecimiento Demográfico , Población , Salud Pública , Política Pública , Servicios de Salud Rural , Planificación Social , Asia , Demografía , Ambiente , Salud , Instituciones de Salud , Nepal , Organización y Administración , Dinámica Poblacional , Atención Primaria de Salud
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