Prospective and descriptive study of adult dengue cases in an emergency department, in Martinique.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: Knowing about the clinical aspects of dengue in endemic zones is essential to implementation of appropriate case management protocols and public health interventions. PATIENTS AND METHODS: The authors made a 4-year prospective, observational study of dengue-infected patients admitted to the emergency department of the Fort-de-France University Hospital. RESULTS: Two hundred and sixty-three male and 297 female patients were included. The median age was 37 years (range 14-91). The diagnosis was based on a positive RT-PCR (463 patients) or on the presence of specific IgM (97 patients). Two hundred and seventy-seven patients (49.5%) presented with dengue fever without complications. According to WHO criteria, 95 patients (17%) developed plasma leakage, including 39 patients (7%) diagnosed with DHF, and 10 (1.8%) diagnosed with DSS. Among the other patients without plasma leakage, 84 (15%) had isolated thrombocytopenia, 14 (2.5%) had internal bleeding, and 90 (16%) had unusual manifestations. Seven patients died (1.3%) fulminant hepatitis (two), myocarditis (one), encephalitis (one), acute respiratory failure (one), gangrenous cholecystitis (one), and post-traumatic intracranial hemorrhage (one). The other patients recovered. Seven patients were pregnant (1.3%) from 6 to 27 weeks of amenorrhea and carried their pregnancy to term without complications. CONCLUSION: With this experience, we were able to develop appropriate case management protocols for patients during dengue epidemics.