Pediatric insomnia: clinical, diagnosis, and treatment.

ABSTRACT

Pediatric insomnia is an extrinsic sleep disorder subdivided into two categories behavioral insomnia and insomnia related to medical, neurological, and psychiatric diseases. This review will cover several types of insomnia, comorbidities and specific pediatric therapies according to clinical characteristics and age. Behavioral insomnia should be differentiated from pediatric insomnia due to medical conditions, mostly occurring during the first year of life. Multiple night awakenings and diurnal hypersomnolence are strong indicators of insomnia due to medical conditions. Insomnia during adolescence and pediatric insomnia associated with psychiatric comorbidity, cognitive disabilities and epilepsy, will be discussed in terms of diagnosis, clinical features and implications for treatment.

RESUMEN

TITLE Insomnio pediatrico clinica, diagnostico y tratamiento.El insomnio pediatrico es un trastorno de sueño extrinseco que puede subdividirse en dos categorias insomnio conductual e insomnio relacionado con trastornos medicos, neurologicos y psiquiatricos. En esta revision presentamos varios tipos de insomnios, comorbilidad y terapias especificas de acuerdo con la edad y con las caracteristicas clinicas. El insomnio conductual se debe diferenciar del insomnio pediatrico por causas medicas, ya que este ultimo aparece, normalmente, en el primer año de vida. Los despertares nocturnos frecuentes y la somnolencia diurna excesiva indican un insomnio debido a causas medicas. El insomnio del adolescente y el insomnio pediatrico asociado a trastornos psiquiatricos, alteraciones cognitivas y epilepsia se discutiran en terminos de diagnostico, hallazgos clinicos e implicaciones terapeuticas.