Mapping the neurosteroid binding sites on glycine receptors.

Glycine is a major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the CNS, where it modulates both sensory and motor transduction throughout its binding to glycine receptors (GlyRs), pentameric chloride channels that share structural and functional properties with type A γ-aminobutyric acid receptors (GABAAR). A large number of structurally diverse organic compounds have been identified as GlyR and GABAAR allosteric modulators, making these receptors attractive pharmacological targets. Taking into account the recent resolved crystal structures of GABAAR/neurosteroid complexes, and due to the high sequence identity between the GABAAR and GlyR transmembrane domains, in this work we applied molecular modeling methods to explore the neurosteroid binding to GlyR. Our results indicated that neurosteroid binding sites of GABAARs are also conserved in the GlyRs. Furthermore, docking and molecular dynamics simulations predicted that neurosteroids are stably recognized at these sites, providing precise information on the molecular basis of the neurosteroid binding mode to GlyR. The comparison of how allopregnanolone and pregnanolone 3-OH moieties are recognized by the GlyR binding pocket revealed significant differences that may be associated to opposite effects of these isomers on the GlyR response.