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Effect of neoadjuvant chemoradiation on preoperative pulmonary physiology, postoperative respiratory complications and quality of life in patients with oesophageal cancer.
Elliott, J A; O'Byrne, L; Foley, G; Murphy, C F; Doyle, S L; King, S; Guinan, E M; Ravi, N; Reynolds, J V.
Affiliation
  • Elliott JA; Department of Surgery, Trinity Centre for Health Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, and St James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland.
  • O'Byrne L; Department of Surgery, Trinity Centre for Health Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, and St James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland.
  • Foley G; School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
  • Murphy CF; Department of Surgery, Trinity Centre for Health Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, and St James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland.
  • Doyle SL; Department of Surgery, Trinity Centre for Health Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, and St James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland.
  • King S; School of Biological Sciences, Dublin Institute of Technology, Dublin, Ireland.
  • Guinan EM; Department of Surgery, Trinity Centre for Health Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, and St James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland.
  • Ravi N; School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
  • Reynolds JV; Department of Surgery, Trinity Centre for Health Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, and St James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland.
Br J Surg ; 106(10): 1341-1351, 2019 09.
Article in En | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31282584
ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND:

It remains controversial whether neoadjuvant chemoradiation (nCRT) for oesophageal cancer influences operative morbidity, in particular pulmonary, and quality of life. This study combined clinical outcome data with systematic evaluation of pulmonary physiology to determine the impact of nCRT on pulmonary physiology and clinical outcomes in locally advanced oesophageal cancer.

METHODS:

Consecutive patients treated between 2010 and 2016 were included. Three-dimensional conformal radiation was standard, with a lung dose-volume histogram of V20 less than 25 per cent, and total radiation between 40 and 41·4 Gy. Forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1), forced vital capacity (FVC) and diffusion capacity for carbon monoxide (DLCO) were assessed at baseline and 1 month after nCRT. Radiation-induced lung injury (grade 2 or greater), comprehensive complications index (CCI) and pulmonary complications were monitored prospectively. Health-related quality of life was assessed among disease-free patients in survivorship.

RESULTS:

Some 228 patients were studied. Comparing pulmonary physiology values before with those after nCRT, FEV1 decreased from mean(s.d.) 96·8(17·7) to 91·5(20·4) per cent (-3·6(10·6) per cent; P < 0·001), FVC from 104·9(15·6) to 98·1(19·8) per cent (-3·2(11·9) per cent; P = 0·005) and DLCO from 97·6(20·7) to 82·2(20·4) per cent (-14·8(14·0) per cent; P < 0·001). Five patients (2·2 per cent) developed radiation-induced lung injury precluding surgical resection. Smoking (P = 0·005) and increased age (P < 0·001) independently predicted percentage change in DLCO. Carboplatin and paclitaxel with 41·4 Gy resulted in a greater DLCO decline than cisplatin and 5-fluorouracil with 40 Gy (P = 0·001). On multivariable analysis, post-treatment DLCO predicted CCI (P = 0·006), respiratory failure (P = 0·020) and reduced physical function in survivorship (P = 0·047).

CONCLUSION:

These data indicate that modern nCRT alters pulmonary physiology, in particular diffusion capacity, which is linked to short- and longer-term clinical consequences, highlighting a potentially modifiable index of risk.
RESUMEN
ANTECEDENTES El tema de si en el cáncer de esófago la quimiorradioterapia neoadyuvante (neoadjuvant chemoradiation, nCRT) repercute sobre la morbilidad postoperatoria, especialmente sobre la morbilidad pulmonar y la calidad de vida de los pacientes que sobreviven sigue siendo controvertido. Este estudio combina datos sobre resultados clínicos con una evaluación sistemática de la fisiología pulmonar para determinar el impacto de la nCRT sobre la fisiología pulmonar y los resultados clínicos en el cáncer de esófago localmente avanzado.

MÉTODOS:

Se incluyeron pacientes consecutivos tratados entre 2010-2016. La radioterapia conformal 3D fue la estándar, con un histograma dosis-volumen del pulmón V20 < 25% y radiación entre 40-41,4 Gy. Se evaluaron el volumen espiratorio forzado (forced expiratory volume, FEV1), la capacidad vital forzada (forced vital capacity, FVC) y la capacidad de difusión del monóxido de carbono (diffusion capacity for carbon monoxide, DLCO) al inicio y un mes tras la nCRT. La lesión pulmonar inducida por la radioterapia (EORTC grado ≥ 2), el índice de complicaciones integral (comprehensive complications index, CCI), grado de Clavien-Dindo, y complicaciones pulmonares fueron analizadas de manera prospectiva. Se evaluó la calidad de vida relacionada con la salud entre los pacientes supervivientes libres de enfermedad (EORTC QLQ-C30, OG25, OES18).

RESULTADOS:

Se estudiaron un total de 228 pacientes. Al comparar los valores de la fisiología pulmonar antes y después de la nCRT respectivamente, la FEV1 disminuyó de 96,8 ± 17,7% a 91,5 ± 20,4% (-3,6 ± 10,6%, P = 0,0002), la FVC de 104,9 ± 15,6 a 98,1 ± 19,8% (-3,2 ± 11,9%, P = 0,005) y la DLCO de 97,6 ± 20,7 a 82,2 ± 20,4% (-14,8 ± 14,0%, P < 0,0001). Cinco pacientes (2,2%) desarrollaron lesión pulmonar relacionada con la radioterapia impidiendo la resección quirúrgica. Los factores predictores independientes de %ΔDLCO fueron el hábito tabáquico (P = 0,005) y la edad avanzada (P < 0,001). El tratamiento con carboplatino/paclitaxel/41,4Gy determinó un mayor descenso de la DLCO en comparación con cisplatino/5-fluorouracilo/40Gy (P = 0,001). En el análisis multivariable, la DLCO tras el tratamiento fue una variable predictora de CCI (P = 0,006), fracaso respiratorio/intubación prolongada (P = 0,020) y reducción de la función física en los supervivientes (P = 0,047).

CONCLUSIÓN:

Estos datos indican que la moderna nCRT altera la fisiología pulmonar, especialmente la difusión pulmonar, con consecuencias clínicas a corto y largo plazo. La DLCO podría constituir un factor de riesgo potencialmente modificable.
Subject(s)

Full text: 1 Collection: 01-internacional Database: MEDLINE Main subject: Quality of Life / Respiration Disorders / Esophageal Neoplasms / Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Chemoradiotherapy, Adjuvant Type of study: Etiology_studies / Prognostic_studies / Risk_factors_studies Aspects: Patient_preference Limits: Female / Humans / Male / Middle aged Language: En Journal: Br J Surg Year: 2019 Document type: Article Affiliation country:

Full text: 1 Collection: 01-internacional Database: MEDLINE Main subject: Quality of Life / Respiration Disorders / Esophageal Neoplasms / Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Chemoradiotherapy, Adjuvant Type of study: Etiology_studies / Prognostic_studies / Risk_factors_studies Aspects: Patient_preference Limits: Female / Humans / Male / Middle aged Language: En Journal: Br J Surg Year: 2019 Document type: Article Affiliation country:
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