Prevalence of metabolic syndrome in a Russian population: The Ural Eye and Medical Study and the Ural Very Old Study.

ABSTRACT

Purpose: To examine prevalence and associated factors of the metabolic syndrome (MS) in populations in Russia. Methods: Two population-based studies (Ural Eye and Medical Study (UEMS), Ural Very Old Study (UVOS)) were conducted in rural and urban regions in Bashkortostan/Russia and included participants aged 40+ years and 85+ years, respectively. Results: Out of 5895 UEMS participants, 1572 individuals had MS (prevalence26.7%; 95% confidence interval (CI)25.5,27.8). The criteria of waist circumference, blood pressure, hyperglycemia, serum high-density lipoprotein concentration and serum triglyceride concentration were fulfilled by 4269 (72.4%; 95%CI71.3,73.6), 3168 (53.7%; 95%CI52.5,55.1), 1375 (23.3%; 95%CI22.4,24.6), 712 (13.3%; 95%CI12.4,14.2), and 1527 (28.6%; 95%CI27.4,29.8) individuals, respectively. Higher MS prevalence was associated with older age (odds ratio (OR)1.03; 95%CI1.02,1.04;P < 0.001), female sex (OR1.93; 95%CI1.51,2.47;P < 0.001), higher body height (OR1.03; 95%CI1.01,1.04;P < 0.001), Russian ethnicity (OR1.38; 95%CI1.13,1.70;P = 0.002), lower ankle-brachial index (OR0.19; 95%CI0.11,0.30;P < 0.001), higher prevalence of lower backache (OR1.29; 95%CI1.08,1.52;P = 0.004), cardiovascular disease (OR2.32; 95%CI1.92,2.78;P < 0.001) and thyroid disease (OR1.41; 95%CI1.04,1.92;P = 0.03), lower international normalized ratio (OR0.55; 95%CI0.32,0.95;P = 0.03), lower prevalence of current smoking (OR0.67; 95%CI0.50,0.89;P = 0.006), and higher prevalence of alcohol consumption (OR1.35; 95%CI1.11,1.64;P = 0.003). Out of 1124 UVOS participants (age88.2 ± 2.7 years; range85-100 years), MS was present in 485 individuals (prevalence43.1%; 95%CI40.3,46.1). The criteria of waist circumference, blood pressure, hyperglycemia, serum high-density lipoprotein concentration and serum triglyceride concentration were fulfilled by 853 (75.9%; 95%CI73.4,78.4), 1057 (94.0%; 95%CI92.7,95.4), 320 (26.9%; 95%CI24.3,29.5), 525 (46.7%; 95%CI43.8,49.6), and 337 (30.0%; 95%CI27.3,32.7, individuals, respectively. Higher MS prevalence was associated with female sex (OR2.30; 95%CI1.72,3.09;P < 0.001) and higher serum concentration of aspartate transaminase (OR1.02; 95%CI1.01,1.03;P = 0.007). Conclusions: MS is common in Russia, increases with age up to about 70 years and then plateaus, is more common in women, and differs in its associated factors between middle-aged and very old populations.