1H­13C HMBC, 1H­13C Heteronuclear Multiple Bond Correlation Spectroscopy; 1H­13C HSQC, 1H­13C Heteronuclear Single Quantum Coherence Spectroscopy; 1H­1H COSY, 1H­1H Correlation Spectroscopy; 1H­1H TOCSY, 1H­1H Total Correlation Spectroscopy; ADP, Adenosine diphosphate; AMP, Adenosine monophosphate; ATP, Adenosine triphosphate; Ace, Acetate; Ach, Acetylcholine; Ala, Alanine; CRC, Colorectal Cancer; Caco-2, Human Colon Adenocarcinoma; Cho, Choline; CoA, Coenzyme A; Cre, Creatine; DCFH-DA, Dichloro-Dihydro-Fluorescein Diacetate; DEGs, Differentially Expressed Genes; DMEM, Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Medium; DMG, Dimethylglycine; DNA, Deoxyribonucleic Acid; EP, Eppendorf; FA, Formate; FDR, False Discovery Rate; Fru, Fructose; Fum, Fumaric acid; GLS, Glutaminase; GSEA, Gene Set Enrichment Analysis; GSH, Glutathione; Gal-1-P, Galactose-1-phosphate; Glc, Glucose; Gln, Glutamine; Glu, Glutamate; Gly, Glycine; HCT116, Human Colorectal Carcinoma Cell Line; HEK, Human Embryonic Kidney cells; HT29, Human Colorectal Adenocarcinoma Cell Line with Epithelial Morphology; His, Histidine; Ile, Isoleucine; J-Res, J-resolved Spectroscopy; LDH, Lactate Dehydrogenase; Lac, Lactate; Leu, Leucine; Lys, Lysine; MCF-7, Human Breast Cancer Cell Line with Estrogen; MCT, Monocarboxylate Transporters; Met, Methionine; MetS, Metabolic Syndrome; Mitochondrial function; NAD+, Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide; NAG, N-Acetyl-L-Glutamine; NMR, Nuclear Magnetic Resonance; NMR-based Metabolomics; NOESY, Nuclear Overhauser Effect Spectroscopy; O-PLS-DA, Orthogonal Projection to the Latent Structures Discriminant Analysis; PA, Pantothenate; PC, Phosphocholine; PCA, Principal Component Analysis; PDC, Pyruvate Decarboxylase; PDK, Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Kinase; PKC, Protein Kinase C; PPP, Pentose Phosphate Pathway; Phe, Phenylalanine; Pyr, Pyruvate; RNA, Ribonucleic Acid; ROS, Reactive Oxygen Species; RPKM, Reads per Kilobase of Transcript per Million Reads Mapped; Reactive oxygen species; SCFAs, Short Chain Fatty Acids; SLC, Solute-Carrier Genes; Short-chain fatty acids; Suc, Succinate; T2DM, Type 2 Diabetes; TCA, Tricarboxylic Acid; Tau, Taurine; Thr, Threonine; Transcriptomics; Tyr, Tyrosine; UDP, Uridine 5'-diphosphate; UDP-GLC, UDP Glucose; UDPG, UDP Glucuronate; UDPGs, UDP Glucose and UDP Glucuronate; UMP, Uridine 5'-monophosphate; Val, Valine; WST-1, Water-Soluble Tetrazolium salts; dDNP, dissolution Dynamic Nuclear Polarization; qRT-PCR, Real-Time Quantitative Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction; α-KIV, α-Keto-isovalerate; α-KMV, α-keto-ß-methyl-valerate