From tadpole to adult frog locomotion.
Curr Opin Neurobiol
; 82: 102753, 2023 10.
Article
in En
| MEDLINE
| ID: mdl-37549591
ABSTRACT
The transition from larval to adult locomotion in the anuran, Xenopus laevis, involves a dramatic switch from axial to appendicular swimming including intermediate stages when the tail and hindlimbs co-exist and contribute to propulsion. Hatchling tadpole swimming is generated by an axial central pattern generator (CPG) which matures rapidly during early larval life. During metamorphosis, the developing limbs are controlled by a de novo appendicular CPG driven initially by the axial system before segregating to allow both systems to operate together or independently. Neuromodulation plays important roles throughout, but key modulators switch their effects from early inhibitory influences to facilitating locomotion. Temperature affects the construction and operation of locomotor networks and global changes in environmental temperature place aquatic poikilotherms, like amphibians, at risk. The locomotor control strategy of anurans differs from other amphibian groups such as salamanders, where evolution has acted upon the thyroid hormone pathway to sculpt different developmental outcomes.
Full text:
1
Collection:
01-internacional
Database:
MEDLINE
Main subject:
Spinal Cord
/
Locomotion
Limits:
Animals
Language:
En
Journal:
Curr Opin Neurobiol
Journal subject:
BIOLOGIA
/
NEUROLOGIA
Year:
2023
Document type:
Article