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Cross-cultural validation and measurement invariance of anxiety and depression symptoms: A study of the Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI) in 42 countries.
Quintana, Gonzalo R; Ponce, Fernando P; Escudero-Pastén, Javier I; Santibáñez-Palma, Juan F; Nagy, Léna; Koós, Mónika; Kraus, Shane W; Demetrovics, Zsolt; Potenza, Marc N; Ballester-Arnal, Rafael; Batthyány, Dominik; Bergeron, Sophie; Billieux, Joël; Briken, Peer; Burkauskas, Julius; Cárdenas-López, Georgina; Carvalho, Joana; Castro-Calvo, Jesús; Chen, Lijun; Ciocca, Giacomo; Corazza, Ornella; Csako, Rita I; Fernandez, David P; Fernandez, Elaine F; Fujiwara, Hironobu; Fuss, Johannes; Gabrhelík, Roman; Gewirtz-Meydan, Ateret; Gjoneska, Biljana; Gola, Mateusz; Grubbs, Joshua B; Hashim, Hashim T; Islam, Md Saiful; Ismail, Mustafa; Jiménez-Martínez, Martha C; Jurin, Tanja; Kalina, Ondrej; Klein, Verena; Költo, András; Lee, Chih-Ting; Lee, Sang-Kyu; Lewczuk, Karol; Lin, Chung-Ying; Lochner, Christine; López-Alvarado, Silvia; Lukavská, Katerina; Mayta-Tristán, Percy; Miller, Dan J; Orosová, Olga; Orosz, Gábor.
Affiliation
  • Quintana GR; Departamento de Psicología y Filosofía, Facultad de Ciencias Sociales, Universidad de Tarapacá, Arica, Arica y Parinacota, Chile. Electronic address: gquintanaz@academicos.uta.cl.
  • Ponce FP; Facultad de Psicología, Universidad de Talca, Chile.
  • Escudero-Pastén JI; Departamento de Psicología y Filosofía, Facultad de Ciencias Sociales, Universidad de Tarapacá, Arica, Arica y Parinacota, Chile.
  • Santibáñez-Palma JF; Departamento de Psicología y Filosofía, Facultad de Ciencias Sociales, Universidad de Tarapacá, Arica, Arica y Parinacota, Chile.
  • Nagy L; Doctoral School of Psychology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary; Institute of Psychology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary.
  • Koós M; Institute of Psychology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary.
  • Kraus SW; Department of Psychology, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV, USA.
  • Demetrovics Z; Institute of Psychology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary; Centre of Excellence in Responsible Gaming, University of Gibraltar, Gibraltar, Gibraltar.
  • Potenza MN; Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; Connecticut Council on Problem Gambling, Wethersfield, CT, USA.
  • Ballester-Arnal R; Departmento de Psicología Básica, Clínica y Psicobiología, University Jaume I of Castellón, Spain.
  • Batthyány D; Institute for Behavioural Addictions, Sigmund Freud University Vienna, Austria.
  • Bergeron S; Département de psychologie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada.
  • Billieux J; Institute of Psychology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland; Center for Excessive Gambling, Addiction Medicine, Lausanne University Hospitals (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland.
  • Briken P; Institute for Sex Research, Sexual Medicine, and Forensic Psychiatry, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.
  • Burkauskas J; Laboratory of Behavioral Medicine, Neuroscience Institute, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Palanga, Lithuania.
  • Cárdenas-López G; Virtual Teaching and Cyberpsychology Laboratory, School of Psychology, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico.
  • Carvalho J; William James Center for Research, Departamento de Educação e Psicologia, Universidade de Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal.
  • Castro-Calvo J; Department of Personality, Assessment, and Psychological Treatments, University of Valencia, Spain.
  • Chen L; Department of Psychology, College of Humanity and Social Science, Fuzhou University, China.
  • Ciocca G; Section of Sexual Psychopathology, Department of Dynamic and Clinical Psychology, and Health Studies, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
  • Corazza O; Department of Clinical, Pharmaceutical and Biological Sciences, University of Hertfordshire, United Kingdom; Department of Psychology and Cognitive Science, University of Trento, Italy.
  • Csako RI; Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand.
  • Fernandez DP; Nottingham Trent University, United Kingdom.
  • Fernandez EF; HELP University, Malaysia.
  • Fujiwara H; Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan; Decentralized Big Data Team, RIKEN Center for Advanced Intelligence Project, Tokyo, Japan.
  • Fuss J; Institute of Forensic Psychiatry and Sex Research, Center for Translational Neuro- and Behavioral Sciences, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany.
  • Gabrhelík R; Charles University, First Faculty of Medicine, Department of Addictology, Prague, Czech Republic; General University Hospital in Prague, Department of Addictology, Czech Republic.
  • Gewirtz-Meydan A; School of Social Work, Faculty of Social Welfare and Health Sciences, University of Haifa, Israel.
  • Gjoneska B; Macedonian Academy of Sciences and Arts, North Macedonia.
  • Gola M; Institute of Psychology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poland; Institute for Neural Computations, University of California San Diego, USA.
  • Grubbs JB; Center on Alcohol, Substance use, Addictions University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, USA; Department of Psychology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, USA.
  • Hashim HT; University of Baghdad, College of Medicine, Iraq; University of Warith Al-anbya, College of Medicine, Karbala, Iraq.
  • Islam MS; Department of Public Health and Informatics, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka 1342, Bangladesh; Centre for Advanced Research Excellence in Public Health, Savar, Dhaka 1342, Bangladesh.
  • Ismail M; University of Baghdad, College of Medicine, Iraq.
  • Jiménez-Martínez MC; Universidad Pedagógca y Tecnológica de Colombia, Colombia; Grupo de Investigación Biomédica y de Patología, Colombia.
  • Jurin T; Department of Psychology, Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Zagreb, Croatia.
  • Kalina O; Department of Educational Psychology and Psychology of Health, Pavol Jozef Safarik University in Kosice, Slovakia.
  • Klein V; School of Psychology, University of Southampton, United Kingdom.
  • Költo A; Health Promotion Research Centre, University of Galway, Ireland.
  • Lee CT; Department of Family Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.
  • Lee SK; Department of Psychiatry, Hallym University Chuncheon Sacred Heart Hospital, South Korea; Chuncheon Addiction Management Center, South Korea.
  • Lewczuk K; Institute of Psychology, Cardinal Stefan Wyszynski University, Warsaw, Poland.
  • Lin CY; Institute of Allied Health Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; Biostatistics Consulting Center, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.
  • Lochner C; SAMRC Unit on Risk & Resilience in Mental Disorders, Stellenbosch University, South Africa.
  • López-Alvarado S; University of Cuenca, Ecuador.
  • Lukavská K; Charles University, First Faculty of Medicine, Department of Addictology, Prague, Czech Republic; Charles University, Faculty of Education, Department of Psychology, Prague, Czech Republic.
  • Mayta-Tristán P; Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Científica del Sur, Lima, Peru.
  • Miller DJ; College of Healthcare Sciences, James Cook University, Australia.
  • Orosová O; Department of Educational Psychology and Psychology of Health, Pavol Jozef Safarik University in Kosice, Slovakia.
  • Orosz G; Artois University, France.
J Affect Disord ; 350: 991-1006, 2024 Apr 01.
Article in En | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38244805
ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND:

Depression and anxiety are among the most prevalent mental health issues experienced worldwide. However, whereas cross-cultural studies utilize psychometrically valid and reliable scales, fewer can meaningfully compare these conditions across different groups. To address this gap, the current study aimed to psychometrically assess the Brief Symptomatology Index (BSI) in 42 countries.

METHODS:

Using data from the International Sex Survey (N = 82,243; Mage = 32.39; SDage = 12.52; women n = 46,874; 57 %), we examined the reliability of depression and anxiety symptom scores of the BSI-18, as well as evaluated evidence of construct, invariance, and criterion-related validity in predicting clinically relevant variables across countries, languages, genders, and sexual orientations.

RESULTS:

Results corroborated an invariant, two-factor structure across all groups tested, exhibiting excellent reliability estimates for both subscales. The 'caseness' criterion effectively discriminated among those at low and high risk of depression and anxiety, yielding differential effects on the clinical criteria examined.

LIMITATIONS:

The predictive validation was not made against a clinical diagnosis, and the full BSI-18 scale was not examined (excluding the somatization sub-dimension), limiting the validation scope of the BSI-18. Finally, the study was conducted online, mainly by advertisements through social media, ultimately skewing our sample towards women, younger, and highly educated populations.

CONCLUSIONS:

The results support that the BSI-12 is a valid and reliable assessment tool for assessing depression and anxiety symptoms across countries, languages, genders, and sexual orientations. Further, its caseness criterion can discriminate well between participants at high and low risk of depression and anxiety.
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Full text: 1 Collection: 01-internacional Database: MEDLINE Main subject: Cross-Cultural Comparison / Depression Type of study: Diagnostic_studies / Prognostic_studies Limits: Adult / Child / Female / Humans / Male Language: En Journal: J Affect Disord Year: 2024 Document type: Article Country of publication:

Full text: 1 Collection: 01-internacional Database: MEDLINE Main subject: Cross-Cultural Comparison / Depression Type of study: Diagnostic_studies / Prognostic_studies Limits: Adult / Child / Female / Humans / Male Language: En Journal: J Affect Disord Year: 2024 Document type: Article Country of publication: