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Timing of the HIV-1 subtype C epidemic in Ethiopia based on early virus strains and subsequent virus diversification.
Abebe, A; Lukashov, V V; Pollakis, G; Kliphuis, A; Fontanet, A L; Goudsmit, J; de Wit, T F.
Affiliation
  • Abebe A; Ethiopian-Netherlands AIDS Research Project (ENARP) at the Ethiopian Health and Nutrition Research Institute (EHNRI), Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
AIDS ; 15(12): 1555-61, 2001 Aug 17.
Article in En | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-11504988
ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE:

To trace the introduction of HIV-1 subtype C into Ethiopia based on virus diversification during the epidemic.

DESIGN:

A set of 474 serum samples obtained in Ethiopia in 1982-1985 was tested for HIV-1. HIV-1 env gp120 V3 and gag or pol regions were sequenced and analysed together with sequences from later stages of the epidemic.

RESULTS:

None of 98 samples from 1982-1983, one of 193 samples from 1984, and one of 183 samples from 1985 were HIV-1 positive. Phylogenetic analysis of virus sequences from positive samples revealed that they belong to the Ethiopian C, and not the C', cluster. Analysis of 81 Ethiopian C V3 sequences from 1984-1997 revealed that the consensus sequence of the Ethiopian epidemic has been stable over time. Both the 1984 and 1985 V3 sequences, in contrast with three out of 27 (11%) of the 1988 and none out of 51 of the 1992-1997 sequences, had no synonymous substitutions compared to the reconstructed common ancestor of the Ethiopian C viruses. A highly significant correlation between sampling years of the V3 sequences and their synonymous distances to the common ancestor was demonstrated.

CONCLUSIONS:

The increasing genetic heterogeneity together with stable consensus sequence of the Ethiopian HIV-1 C population demonstrates that evolution of the virus population is characterized by an unbiased expansion around a stationary consensus. Based on the rate of synonymous diversification of HIV-1 strains within the Ethiopian population, we were able to estimate 1983 (95% confidence interval, 1980-1984) as the year of HIV-1 C introduction into Ethiopia.
Subject(s)
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Collection: 01-internacional Database: MEDLINE Main subject: Genetic Variation / HIV Infections / Disease Outbreaks / HIV-1 / Evolution, Molecular Limits: Adult / Female / Humans / Male / Pregnancy Country/Region as subject: Africa Language: En Journal: AIDS Journal subject: SINDROME DA IMUNODEFICIENCIA ADQUIRIDA (AIDS) Year: 2001 Document type: Article Affiliation country: Etiopia
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Collection: 01-internacional Database: MEDLINE Main subject: Genetic Variation / HIV Infections / Disease Outbreaks / HIV-1 / Evolution, Molecular Limits: Adult / Female / Humans / Male / Pregnancy Country/Region as subject: Africa Language: En Journal: AIDS Journal subject: SINDROME DA IMUNODEFICIENCIA ADQUIRIDA (AIDS) Year: 2001 Document type: Article Affiliation country: Etiopia
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