Sparse p-norm Nonnegative Matrix Factorization for clustering gene expression data.

ABSTRACT

Nonnegative Matrix Factorization (NMF) is a powerful tool for gene expression data analysis as it reduces thousands of genes to a few compact metagenes, especially in clustering gene expression samples for cancer class discovery. Enhancing sparseness of the factorisation can find only a few dominantly coexpressed metagenes and improve the clustering effectiveness. Sparse p-norm (p > 1) Nonnegative Matrix Factorization (Sp-NMF) is a more sparse representation method using high order norm to normalise the decomposed components. In this paper, we investigate the benefit of high order normalisation for clustering cancer-related gene expression samples. Experimental results demonstrate that Sp-NMF leads to robust and effective clustering in both automatically determining the cluster number, and achieving high accuracy.