Metal-catalyzed reduction of HCONR'2, R' = Me (DMF), Et (DEF), by silanes to produce R'2NMe and disiloxanes: a mechanism unraveled.

ABSTRACT

We demonstrate that using Mo(CO)(6), Mo(CO)(5)NMe(3), and (η(5)-C(5)H(5))Mn(CO)(3) as catalysts for the silane, R(3)SiH, reduction of N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF), and N,N-diethylformamide (DEF), we can observe, intercept, and isolate, the important siloxymethylamine intermediates, R(3)SiOCH(2)NR'(2), R' = Me, Et, for the first time. In the presence of excess DMF such intermediates thermally react with a variety of silanes to form the corresponding disiloxanes in the absence of a metal catalyst. We also show that the germanium hydrides, Et(3)GeH and Bu(3)GeH, also reduce DMF to form trimethylamine and the corresponding digermoxane but observe no intermediates R(3)GeOCH(2)NMe(2). Bu(3)SnH reduces DMF, but along with the low yields of Bu(3)SnOSnBu(3) (but no Bu(3)SnOCH(2)NMe(2)) significant side products are obtained including (Bu(3)Sn)(2) and Bu(4)Sn. In the absence of DMF the siloxymethylamines can undergo metal-catalyzed reactions with silanes, germanes and stannanes to form disiloxanes, and R(3)SiOER(3) E = Ge, Sn, respectively. To date, the most efficient catalyst for this latter process is (η(5)-C(5)H(5))Mo(CO)(3)CH(3) via a photochemical reaction.