Intravenous amiodarone in acute anterior myocardial infarction: a controlled study.

ABSTRACT

A randomized, single-blind controlled study intended to assess the potential benefits of intravenous amiodarone in anterior myocardial infarction is presented. Three hundred nineteen patients entered the study, 159 received amiodarone infusion, and 160 received glucose-insulin-potassium (GIK) infusion. Basal characteristics were similar in the two experimental groups, who were randomized on a consecutive basis. Exclusion criteria were shock or pulmonary edema, hypotension, inferoposterior infarction, bradycardia, antrioventricular block, severe diabetes, and other major diseases. Patients aged 27 to 70 years, with a Q-wave anterior infarction, initiated 12-40 hours earlier at the time of admission, entered the trial. Other entry criteria were heart rate higher than 80 beats/min and systolic blood pressure higher than 100 mmHg. Amiodarone was administered in saline infusion 10-20 mg/kg, within 4 to 10 hours, through a central vein. GIK infusion consisted of 150-300 g of glucose, 25-50 IU of insulin, and 80-120 mEq of KCl in 1000 cc of water at a rate of 1.5-2.0 ml/g/hour. Both groups received digitalis, nitrates, sedatives, and diuretics as needed. Although individually the major endpoints of death, reinfarction, and sustained supraventricular and ventricular arrhythmias did not differ significantly, each was less in the amiodarone group than in the control, and the sum of all adverse events was significantly lower for the amiodarone patients (p less than 001). Heart failure and conduction disturbances were not different in the two groups. This study shows that amiodarone, with its vasodilating and antiarrhythmic properties, may be beneficial in acute anterior infarction, but further studies on larger populations will be necessary in order to show a reduction of mortality rate.