TGF-ß superfamily signaling in muscle and tendon adaptation to resistance exercise.

ABSTRACT

Numerous studies in muscle and tendon have identified a central role of the transforming growth factor-ß (TGF-ß) superfamily of cytokines in the regulation of extracellular matrix growth and remodeling, protein degradation, and cell proliferation and differentiation. We provide a novel framework for TGF-ß and myostatin signaling in controlling the coordinated adaptation of both skeletal muscle and tendon tissue to resistance training.