Immunomodulatory activity of Melaleuca alternifolia concentrate (MAC): inhibition of LPS-induced NF-κB activation and cytokine production in myeloid cell lines.
Int Immunopharmacol
; 26(1): 257-64, 2015 May.
Article
in En
| MEDLINE
| ID: mdl-25858876
ABSTRACT
Melaleuca alternifolia concentrate (MAC) is a mixture predominantly composed of monoterpenoids and sesquiterpenes, refined from the essential oil of the tea tree by removing up to 99% of the more toxic, hydrophobic monoterpenes. MAC was examined here for its immunomodulatory effects on the human THP1 and murine RAW264.7 myeloid leukemic cell lines as models for macrophage-like cells. Firstly, MAC levels were determined that did not affect either the survival or proliferation of these cell lines in vitro. Next, the levels of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced production of cytokines (IL-6, TNFα, IL-10, GM-CSF, IFNγ and IL-3) were examined from the myeloid cell lines using multiplex assays. Many of the LPS-inducible cytokines produced by either cell lines could be significantly inhibited by MAC. Closer examination of the mechanism of action of MAC showed that it inhibited the LPS-induced activation of IκB phosphorylation and nuclear factor (NF)-κB signalling and translocation, inhibiting iNOS protein expression and NO production. These results demonstrate that MAC exerts its immunomodulatory effects by inhibiting NF-κB signalling activation and levels of cytokine production by macrophage-like cell lines.
Key words
Full text:
1
Collection:
01-internacional
Database:
MEDLINE
Main subject:
Cytokines
/
NF-kappa B
/
Tea Tree Oil
/
Myeloid Cells
/
Melaleuca
/
Immunologic Factors
Type of study:
Prognostic_studies
Limits:
Animals
/
Humans
Language:
En
Journal:
Int Immunopharmacol
Journal subject:
ALERGIA E IMUNOLOGIA
/
FARMACOLOGIA
Year:
2015
Document type:
Article
Affiliation country:
Australia