Safety and Efficacy of Alemtuzumab Induction in Highly Sensitized Pediatric Renal Transplant Recipients.
Transplantation
; 101(4): 883-889, 2017 04.
Article
in En
| MEDLINE
| ID: mdl-27495773
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND:
Studies show that alemtuzumab, a potent lymphocyte-depleting agent, is well tolerated in pediatric renal transplantation. We report on the use of alemtuzumab induction in highly HLA sensitized (HS) pediatric kidney transplant patients.METHODS:
Fifty pediatric renal transplants were performed from 1/2009-12/2014. 15 HS patients received IVIG (2 g/kg ×2 doses)/rituximab (375 mg/m ×1) for desensitization with alemtuzumab induction (15-30 mg, 1 dose, subcutaneous), whereas 35 nonsensitized patients received anti-IL-2R. Graft survival and infections were compared between 2 groups.RESULTS:
All HS patients had received a prior transplant and were older with lower risk for viral infections due to serostatus. Patient survival was 100%, and graft outcomes were similar with mean 1-year creatinine of 1.03 ± 0.45 versus 0.99 ± 0.6 (P = 0.48). Although a higher incidence of acute cellular rejection was seen in HS patients receiving alemtuzumab (P = 0.001), there was a nonsignificant difference in antibody-mediated rejection. White blood cell and absolute lymphocyte count were significantly lower in alemtuzumab group at 30 days (P < 0.0001) and at 1 year (P = 0.026 and P = 0.001), respectively. There was no significant difference in bacterial, viral, or fungal infections after transplant.CONCLUSIONS:
Alemtuzumab induction with desensitization led to nearly equivalent graft survival and functional outcomes in HS pediatric patients as nonsensitized patients receiving anti-IL-2R induction. With this small sample size, we observed significant reduction of white blood cell and absolute lymphocyte count up to 1 year posttransplant. The risk of infection was comparable between the 2 groups; however, patients who received alemtuzumab were older and at lower risk of viral infection due to serostatus.
Full text:
1
Collection:
01-internacional
Database:
MEDLINE
Main subject:
Desensitization, Immunologic
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Lymphocyte Depletion
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Kidney Transplantation
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Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized
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Graft Rejection
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Graft Survival
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Histocompatibility
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HLA Antigens
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Immunosuppressive Agents
Type of study:
Etiology_studies
/
Observational_studies
Limits:
Adolescent
/
Adult
/
Child
/
Female
/
Humans
/
Male
Language:
En
Journal:
Transplantation
Year:
2017
Document type:
Article
Affiliation country:
Canadá